“Im±ya saªgh±µiy± kathina½ atthar±m²”ti-±dik± pana atth±rakiriy± apalokan±d²su cat³su saªghakammesu appaviµµh±, adhiµµh±n±dayo viya pañc±nisa½sal±bhak±raºabh³t± puggalakiriy±va hot²ti vass³pan±yikakhettabh³t±ya anto-upac±ras²m±ya k±tabb±, tasm± anto-upac±ras²m±ya½ baddhas²m±ya avijjam±n±ya bahi-upac±ras²m±ya½ baddhas²ma½ v± udakukkhepasattabbhantaralabham±naµµh±na½ v± gantv± ñattidutiyakammena kathinadussa½ d±petv± puna vih±ra½ ±gantv± anto-upac±ras²m±yameva kathinattharaºa½ pubb±cariyehi kata½, ta½ sukatameva hot²ti daµµhabba½. Eva½ aggahetv± suddha-upac±ras²m±yameva ñattidutiyakamma½ k±tabbanti gayham±ne sati tesa½ ±yasmant±na½ diµµh±nugati½ ±pajjam±n± siss±nusiss± dhuvav±satth±ya vih±rad±n±di-apalokanakamma½ v± uposathapav±raº±diñattikamma½ v± s²m±sammannan±diñattidutiyakamma½ v± upasampad±diñatticatutthakamma½ v± upac±ras²m±yameva kareyyu½, eva½ karont± bhagavato s±sane mahanta½ jaµa½ mahanta½ gumba½ mahanta½ visama½ kareyyu½, tasm± tamakaraºattha½ yuttito ca ±gamato ca anek±ni k±raº±ni ±haritv± kathayimh±ti.

S±sane g±rava½ katv±, saddhammass±nulomato;
may± kata½ vinicchaya½, samm± cintentu s±dhavo.
Punappuna½ vicintetv±, yutta½ ce hoti gaºhantu;
no ce yutta½ m± gaºhantu, samm±sambuddhas±vak±ti.

Ito par±nipi k±raºas±dhak±ni ±haranti ±cariy±, tesa½ paµivacanena ativitth±ro bhavissati, upac±ras²m±ya catunna½ saªghakamm±na½ kataµµh±nabh±vo pubbe vuttova, tasm± ta½ vacana½ manasi katv± sa½saya½ akatv± dh±retabboti.

“Im±ya saªgh±µiy± kathina½ atthar±m²”ti v±c± bhinditabb±ti ki½ ettakena vac²bhedena kathina½ atthata½ hoti, ud±hu añño koci k±yavik±ro k±tabbo? Na k±tabbo. Ettakeneva hi vac²bhedena atthata½ hoti, kathina½. Vuttañheta½ pariv±re (pari. 408) “atth±ro ekena dhammena saªgahito vac²bheden±”ti.

Eva½ kathinatth±ra½ dassetv± anumod±pana-anumodane dassento “tena kathinatth±raken±”ti-±dim±ha. Tattha yena bhikkhun± “im±ya saªgh±µiy± kathina½ atthar±m²”ti-±din± vac²bhedena kathina½ atthata½, tena “kathinassa atth±r± pannarasa dhamm± j±yant²”ti pariv±re (pari. 403) ±gatatt± kathinatth±rena saheva pañca ±nisa½s± ±gat±, atha kasm± saªgha½ anumod±pet²ti? Kiñc±pi atth±rakassa bhikkhuno pañca ±nisa½s± ±gat±, saªghassa pana an±gat±, tasm± saªghassa ca ±gamanattha½ saªgha½ anumod±peti, saªgho ca anumodana½ karoti, eva½ kate ubhinnampi ±nisa½s± ±gat± honti. Vuttañheta½ pariv±re (pari. 403) “dvinna½ puggal±na½ atthata½ hoti kathina½ atth±rakassa ca anumodakassa c±”ti. Ettha ca kathinatth±rakabhikkhuto vu¹¹hataro bhikkhu tasmi½ saªghe atthi, idha vuttanayena atth±rakena “bhante”ti vattabba½, anumodakena “±vuso”ti. Yadi pana kathinatth±rako bhikkhu sabbesa½ vu¹¹hataro hoti, tena “±vuso”ti vattabba½, itarehi “bhante”ti, eva½ sesanayadvayepi. Eva½ sabbesa½ atthata½ hoti kathinanti. Imesu pana saªghapuggalesu ye tasmi½ vih±re purimik±ya vassa½ upagantv± paµhamapav±raº±ya pav±rit±, teyeva anumoditu½ labhanti, chinnavass± v± pacchimik±ya upagat± v± aññasmi½ vih±re vutthavass± v± na labhanti, ananumodant±pi ±nisa½sa½ na labhanti.

Eva½ kathinatth±ra½ dassetv± id±ni c²varavibh±ga½ dassetu½ “eva½ atthate pana kathine”ti-±dim±ha. Tattha sace kathinac²varena saddhi½ ±bhata½ ±nisa½santi imin± eka½ atthatac²varameva kathinac²vara½ n±ma, tato añña½ tena saddhi½ ±bhata½ sabba½ c²vara½ kathin±nisa½sac²vara½ n±m±ti dasseti. Vakkhati hi “avasesakathin±nisa½se balavavatth±n²”ti-±di. Tena ñ±yati “vatthameva idha ±nisa½so n±ma, na aggho, kathinas±µakena saddhi½ ±bhat±na½ aññas±µak±na½ bahulavasena attharitabba½, na kathinas±µakassa mahagghavasen±”ti. Bhikkhusaªgho anissaro, atthatakathino bhikkhuyeva issaro. Kasm±? D±yakehi vic±ritatt±. Bhikkhusaªgho issaro, kasm±? D±yakehi avic±ritatt±, m³lakathinassa ca saªghe dinnatt±. Avasesakathin±nisa½seti tassa dinnavatthehi avasesakathin±nisa½savatthe. Balavavatth±n²ti attharitabbakathinas±µaka½yeva ahata½ v± ahatakappa½ v± d±tu½ vaµµati, ±nisa½sac²vara½ pana yath±satti yath±bala½ pur±ºa½ v± abhinava½ v± dubbala½ v± balava½ v± d±tu½ vaµµati, tasm± tesu dubbalavatthe µhitik±ya dinne laddhabhikkhussa upak±raka½ na hoti, tasm± upak±raºayogg±ni balavavatth±ni d±tabb±n²ti adhipp±yo. Vass±v±sikaµhitik±ya d±tabb±n²ti yattak± bhikkh³ vass±v±sikac²vara½ labhi½su, te µhapetv± tesa½ heµµhato paµµh±ya yath±kkama½ d±tabb±ni. Ther±sanato paµµh±y±ti yattak± bhikkh³ tissa½ kathinatthatas²m±ya½ santi, tesu jeµµhakabhikkhuto paµµh±ya d±tabb±ni. ¾sanaggahaºa½ pana yath±vu¹¹ha½ nisinne sandh±ya kata½. Etena vass±v±sikakathin±nisa½s±na½ sam±nagatikata½ d²peti. Garubhaº¹a½ na bh±jetabbanti kathinas±µakena saddhi½ ±bhatesu mañcap²µh±dika½ garubhaº¹a½ na bh±jetabba½, saªghikavaseneva paribhuñjitabbanti attho. Tattha garubhaº¹avinicchayo anantarakath±ya½ ±vi bhavissati.

Imasmi½ pana µh±ne vattabba½ atthi. Katha½? Id±ni bhikkh³ kathin±nisa½sac²vara½ kusap±ta½ katv± vibhajanti, ta½ yutta½ viya na dissat²ti. Kasm±ti ce? “Avasesakathin±nisa½se balavavatth±ni vass±v±sikaµhitik±ya d±tabb±ni, µhitik±ya abh±ve ther±sanato paµµh±ya d±tabb±n²”ti vacanatoti. Eva½ sante kattha kusap±to k±tabboti? Bhaº¹±g±re µhapitac²vareti. Katha½ viññ±yat²ti ce? “Ussanna½ hot²ti bahu r±sikata½ hoti, bhaº¹±g±ra½ na gaºh±ti. Sammukh²bh³ten±ti anto-upac±ras²m±ya½ µhitena. Bh±jetunti k±la½ ghos±petv± paµip±µiy± bh±jetu½…pe… eva½ µhapitesu c²varapaµiv²sesu kuso p±tetabbo”ti aµµhakath±ya½ (mah±va. aµµha. 343) vuttatt±, tasm± imissa½ aµµhakath±ya½ vuttanayeneva bh±jetabbanti amh±ka½ khanti.

Ekacce pana bhikkh³ ekekassa ekekasmi½ c²vare appahonte c²vara½ parivattetv± akappiyavatthu½ gahetv± bh±jenti, ta½ ati-o¼±rikameva. Aññepi ekacc±na½ c²var±na½ mahagghat±ya ekacc±na½ appagghat±ya samaggha½ k±tu½ na sakk±ti tatheva karonti, tampi o¼±rikameva. Tattha hi akappiyavatthun± parivattanepi tassa vic±raºepi bh±gaggahaºepi ±pattiyeva hoti. Eke “kathina½ n±ma dubbic±raº²yan”ti vatv± attharaºa½ na karonti, puggalikavaseneva yath±jjh±saya½ vic±renti, ta½ pana yadi d±yakehi puggalasseva dinna½, puggalena ca saªghassa apariccajita½, eva½ sati attano santakatt± yutta½ viya dissati. Yadi pana saªghassa v± gaºassa v± dinna½, puggalassa dinnepi saªghassa v± gaºassa v± pariccajita½, eva½ sante saªghagaº±na½ santakatt± ayutta½ bhaveyya. Apare pana kathinavasena paµiggahite vic±retu½ dukkaranti maññam±n± “na maya½ kathinavasena paµiggaºh±ma, vass±v±sikabh±veneva paµiggaºh±m±”ti vatv± yath±ruci vic±renti, tampi ayutta½. Vass±v±sikampi hi saªghassa dinna½ saªghika½ hotiyeva, puggalassa dinna½ puggalika½. Katha½ viññ±yat²ti ce? “Sace pana tesa½ sen±sane pa½suk³liko vasati, ±gatañca ta½ disv± ‘tumh±ka½ vass±v±sika½ dem±’ti vadanti, tena saªghassa ±cikkhitabba½. Sace t±ni kul±ni saªghassa d±tu½ na icchanti, ‘tumh±ka½yeva dem±’ti vadanti, sabh±go bhikkhu ‘vatta½ katv± gaºh±h²’ti vattabbo, pa½suk³likassa paneta½ na vaµµat²”ti aµµhakath±ya½ (c³¼ava. aµµha. 318; vi. saªga. aµµha. 219) vuttatt±.

Vass±v±sika½ duvidha½ saddh±deyyatatrupp±davasena. Vuttañhi aµµhakath±ya½ (c³¼ava. aµµha. 318) “iti saddh±deyye d±yakamanuss± pucchitabb±, tatrupp±de pana kappiyak±rak± pucchitabb±”ti. Saddh±deyyavass±v±sikampi savih±r±vih±ravasena duvidha½. Vuttañheta½ aµµhakath±ya½ (c³¼ava. aµµha. 318) “mah±padumatthero pan±ha na eva½ k±tabba½. Manuss± hi attano ±v±sapaµijagganatth±ya paccaya½ denti, tasm± aññehi bhikkh³hi tattha pavisitabban”ti, “yesa½ pana sen±sana½ natthi, kevala½ paccayameva denti, tesa½ paccaya½ avass±v±sike sen±sane g±hetu½ vaµµat²”ti ca. Tatrupp±davass±v±sika½ n±ma kappiyak±rak±na½ hatthe kappiyavatthupa-abhuñjanatth±ya dinnavatthuto nibbatta½. Vuttampi ceta½ aµµhakath±ya½ (c³¼ava. aµµha. 318) “kappiyak±rak±nañhi hatthe ‘kappiyabhaº¹a½ paribhuñjath±’ti dinnavatthuto ya½ ya½ kappiya½, ta½ sabba½ paribhuñjitu½ anuññ±tan”ti. Eva½ vass±v±sikac²varampi pubbe yebhuyyena saªghasseva denti, tasm± “kathinac²vara½ dem±”ti vutte kathinac²varabh±vena paµiggahetabba½, “vass±v±sika½ dem±”ti vutte vass±v±sikac²varabh±veneva paµiggahetabba½. Kasm±? “Yath± d±yak± vadanti, tath± paµipajjitabban”ti (c³¼ava. aµµha. 325) vacanato.

Kiñci avatv± hatthe v± p±dam³le v± µhapetv± gate ki½ k±tabbanti? Tattha sace “ida½ vatthu cetiyassa v± saªghassa v± parapuggalassa v± atth±ya pariºatan”ti j±neyya, tesa½ atth±ya paµiggahetabba½. Atha “mamatth±ya pariºatan”ti j±neyya, attano atth±ya paµiggahetabba½. Vuttañheta½ pariv±re (pari. 329) “nava adhammikad±n±n²”ti-±di. Atha na kiñci j±neyya, attano hatthe v± p±dam³le v± kiñci avatv± µhapita½ tasseva puggalika½ hoti. Na hi cetiy±d²na½ atth±ya pariºata½ kiñci avatv± bhikkhussa hatthe v± p±dam³le v± µhapet²ti. Vuttañheta½ samantap±s±dik±ya½ (mah±va. aµµha. 379) “puggalassa det²ti ‘ima½ c²vara½ itthann±massa damm²’ti eva½ parammukh± v± p±dam³le µhapetv± ‘ima½, bhante, tumh±ka½ damm²’ti eva½ sammukh± v± det²”ti-±di.

“Imissa½ aµµhakath±ya½ vuttanayeneva bh±jetabban”ti vutta½, katha½ bh±jetabbanti? “Avasesakathin±nisa½se balavavatth±ni vass±v±sikaµhitik±ya d±tabb±n²”ti vuttatt± ye bhikkh³ imasmi½ vasse vass±v±sika½ na labhi½su, tesa½ heµµhato paµµh±ya ekeka½ c²vara½ v± s±µaka½ v± d±tabba½. Atha c²var±na½ v± s±µak±na½ v± avasiµµhesu santesu puna ther±sanato paµµh±ya dutiyabh±go d±tabbo. Tato c²varesu v± s±µakesu v± kh²ºesu ye labhanti, tesu pacchimassa vass±d²ni sallakkhetabb±ni. Na kevala½ tasmi½ kathinatthatadivase dinnaduss±ni eva kathin±nisa½s±ni n±ma honti, atha kho y±va kathinassa ubbh±r± saªgha½ uddissa dinnac²var±nipi saªghikena tatrupp±dena ±r±mikehi ±bhatac²var±nipi kathin±nisa½s±niyeva honti. Tasm± t±disesu c²varesu uppajjam±nesu yath±vuttasallakkhitavassassa bhikkhuno heµµhato paµµh±ya punappuna½ g±hetabba½. “Ýhitik±ya abh±ve ther±sanato paµµh±ya d±tabb±n²”ti (mah±va. aµµha. 306) vacanato tasmi½ vasse vass±v±sikac²var±na½ anuppajjanato v± uppajjam±nesupi µhitik±ya ag±h±panato v± vass±v±sikaµhitik±ya abh±ve sati laddhabbakathin±nisa½se tassa½ upac±ras²m±ya½ sabbe bhikkh³ paµip±µiy± nis²d±petv± ther±sanato paµµh±ya µhitika½ katv± ekekassa bhikkhuno ekeka½ c²vara½ v± s±µaka½ v± d±tabba½. Saªghanavakassa d±nak±lepi mah±ther± ±gacchanti, “bhante, v²sativass±na½ d²yati, tumh±ka½ µhitik± atikkant±”ti na vattabb±, µhitika½ µhapetv± tesa½ datv± pacch± µhitik±ya d±tabba½. Dutiyabh±ge pana ther±sana½ ±ru¼he pacch± ±gat±na½ paµhamabh±go na p±puº±ti, dutiyabh±gato vassaggena d±tabbo. Aya½ µhitik±vic±ro catupaccayabh±janakath±to (vi. saªga. aµµha. 202) gahetabboti.