Id±ni pana d±yak± yebhuyyena catt±ro paccaye puggalasseva denti, tasm± sen±sanampi abhinavabh³ta½ puggalikameva bahula½ hoti, c²varampi puggalikameva bahula½. Dalidd±pi suttakantanak±lato paµµh±ya “ima½ c²vara½ kathinak±le itthann±massa bhikkhuno dass±m²”ti cintetv± ca tatheva vatv± ca sabbakicc±ni karonti, mahaddhan± ca s±µakassa k²ºitak±lato paµµh±ya tatheva cintetv± kathetv± karonti, d±nak±le ca “ima½ c²vara½ itthann±massa deh²”ti puttad±s±dayo v± pesenti, s±ma½ v± gantv± c²vara½ tassa bhikkhussa p±dam³le v± hatthe v± µhapetv± “ima½ c²vara½ tuyha½ damm²”ti vatv± v± cintetv± v± denti, satesu v± sahassesu v± eko paº¹itapuriso “puggalassa dinnad±nato saªghassa dinna½ mahapphalan”ti ñatv± “ima½ kathinac²vara½ saªghassa damm²”ti vatv± v± cintetv± v± deti, tassa s± dakkhiº± saªghagat± hoti. Sace pana d±yako puggalassa d±tuk±mo hoti, puggalo pana tassa mahapphalabh±vamicchanto dakkhiº±-vibhaªgasutt±didhammadesan±ya (ma. ni. 3.376 ±dayo) puggalikad±nato saªghikad±nassa mahapphalabh±va½ j±n±petv± “ima½ tava c²vara½ saªghassa deh²”ti uyyojeti, d±yakopi tassa vacana½ sampaµicchitv± “ima½ kathinac²vara½ saªghassa damm²”ti vatv± v± cintetv± v± deti, evampi s± dakkhiº± saªghagat± hoti.
Yadi pana bhikkhun± uyyojitopi duppañño d±yako tassa vacana½ an±diyitv± puggalasseva deti, tassa s± dakkhiº± puggalagat± hoti. Atha pana so puggalo saya½ sampaµicchitv± puna saªghassa pariccajati, evampi ta½ c²vara½ saªghika½ hoti, ta½ saªghikavasena bh±jetabba½. Yadi pana d±yakopi puggalasseva deti, puggalopi sampaµicchitv± na pariccajati, eva½ sante ta½ c²vara½ puggalika½ hoti, na kathinak±lamattena v± kathinavacanamattena v± saªghika½ hoti. Id±ni pana imin± nayena puggalikac²vara½yeva bahula½ hoti. Eva½ santepi ±cariyaparampar± paveºi½ abhindituk±m± saªghika½ viya katv± bh±jetv± paribhuñji½su Yadi mukhyato saªghika½ siy±, saªghena dinnato para½ ekas³cimattampi puggalo adhika½ gaºhitu½ na labheyya.
Ekacce ther± saªghikanti pana vadanti, bh±janak±le pana issaravat±ya yath±ruci vic±renti, ekacce bhikkh³ mukhyasaªghikanti maññam±n± abh±jetuk±mampi puggala½ abhibhavitv± bh±j±penti, tassa puggalassa m±t± pit± ñ±tak± up±sak±dayo “amh±ka½ puttassa dema, amh±ka½ ñ±takabhikkhussa dema, amh±ka½ kul³pakassa dem±”ti, aññepi saddh± pasann± d±yak± “itthann±massa puggalassa dem±”ti vic±retv± parammukh±pi “ima½ c²vara½ itthann±massa damm²”ti vatv± sammukh±pi p±dam³le v± hatthe v± µhapetv± denti, evar³pa½ c²vara½ puggalika½ hoti, saªgha½ ±masitv± avuttatt± saªgh±yatta½ na hoti, “kathina½ dass±m²”ti v± “kathina½ d±tu½ gato”ti v± “kathinac²varan”ti v± pubb±parak±lesu vacana½ pana mukhyakathinabh³tassa saªghikac²varassa k±le dinnatt± tadupac±rato voh±ramatta½ hoti. Yath± ki½? “Uposathikan”ti vutta½ bhatta½ cuddasasu saªghikabhattesu antogadha½ mukhyasaªghika½ hoti, sam±dinna-uposath± d±yak± s±ya½ bhuñjitabbabhattabh±ga½ saªghassa denti, ta½ saªgho sal±kabhatta½ viya µhitika½ katv± bhuñjati, iti saªghassa dinnatt± saªghika½ hoti. Id±ni pana d±yak± attano attano kul³pakassa v± ñ±tibhikkhussa v± uposathadivasesu bhatta½ denti, ta½ saªghassa adinnatt± saªghika½ na hoti. Eva½ santepi uposathadivase dinnatt± mukhyavasena pavatta-uposathabhatta½ viya tadupac±rena “uposathabhattan”ti vohar²yati, eva½sampadamida½ daµµhabba½.
Eva½ imasmi½ k±le yebhuyyena puggalasseva dinnatt± puggalikabh³ta½ c²vara½ ñattikammav±c±raha½ na hoti, saªghikameva ñattikammav±c±raha½ hoti, tadeva ca pañc±nisa½sak±raºa½ hoti, tasm± paº¹itena puggalena “up±sak± saªghe detha, saªghe dinna½ mahapphala½ hot²”ti-±din± niyojetv± d±petabba½, saya½ v± sampaµicchitv± saªghassa pariccajitabba½. Eva½ pariccajitatt± saªghikabh³ta½ c²vara½ ñattikammav±c±rahañca hoti pañc±nisa½sanipph±dakañca. Eva½ niyojanañca “saªghe gotami dehi, saªghe te dinne ahañceva p³jito bhaviss±mi saªgho c±”ti (ma. ni. 3.376) bhagavat± vuttavacana½ anugata½ hot²ti daµµhabba½.
Parikamma½ karont±na½ bhikkh³na½ y±gubhattañca d±tu½ vaµµat²ti ida½ pucchitatt± doso natth²ti katv± vutta½, apucchite pana eva½ kathetu½ na vaµµati. Khalimakkhitas±µakoti ahatavattha½ sandh±ya vutta½. Suµµhu dhovitv±ti-±din± sapubbakaraºa½ atth±ra½ dasseti. Dhovanasibbanarajanakappakaraºena hi vic±raºachedanabandhan±nipi dassit±niyeva honti, atth±radassanena paccuddh±ra-adhiµµh±n±nipi dasseti. S³ci-±d²ni c²varakammupakaraº±ni sajjetv± bah³hi bhikkh³hi saddhinti ida½ pana sibbanassa upakaraºanidassana½. Tadahev±ti ida½ pana karaºasannidhimocanattha½ vutta½. D±yakassa hatthato s±µaka½ laddhadivaseyeva saªghena atth±rakassa bhikkhuno d±tabba½, eva½ adente nicayasannidhi hoti. Atth±rakenapi saªghato laddhadivaseyeva kathina½ attharitabba½, eva½ akaronte karaºasannidhi hoti.
Aññ±ni ca bah³ni ±nisa½savatth±ni det²ti imin± attharitabbas±µakoyeva kathinas±µako n±ma, tato aññe s±µak± bahavopi kathin±nisa½s±yeva n±m±ti dasseti. Etena ca “kathin±nisa½so”ti vatth±niyeva vutt±ni na agghoti d²peti. Yadi aggho vutto siy±, eva½ sati “bahv±nisa½s±ni kathinavatth±ni det²”ti vattabba½, eva½ pana avatv± “bah³ni kathin±nisa½savatth±ni det²”ti vutta½, tena ñ±yati “na aggho vutto”ti, tasm± bahv±nisa½sabh±vo agghavasena na gahetabbo, atha kho vatthavaseneva gahetabboti. Itaroti añño d±yako. Tath± tath± ovaditv± saññ±petabboti “up±saka d±na½ n±ma saªghassa dinnak±lato paµµh±ya mahapphala½ hoti mah±nisa½sa½, atth±ro pana bhikkh³na½ upak±ratth±ya bhagavat± anuññ±to, tasm± ñattiladdhampi aladdhampi mahapphalamev±”ti v± “up±saka ayampi d±yako saªghasseva deti, tvampi saªghasseva desi, bhagavat± ca–
‘Yo s²lav± s²lavantesu dad±ti d±na½;
dhammena laddha½ supasannacitto;
abhisaddaha½ kammaphala½ u¼±ra½;
ta½ ve d±na½ vipulaphalanti br³m²’ti. (Ma. ni. 3.382)–

Vutta½, tasm± saªghassa dinnak±lato paµµh±ya mahapphalamev±”ti v± iti-±d²ni vatv± saññ±petabbo.

Yassa saªgho kathinac²vara½ deti, tena bhikkhun± kathina½ attharitabbanti yojan±. Yo jiººac²varo hoti bhikkhu, tassa d±tabbanti sambandho. Imasmi½ µh±ne id±ni bhikkh³–
“Paµiggahaºañca sapp±ya½, ñatti ca anus±vana½;
kappabindu paccuddh±ro, adhiµµh±natthar±ni ca;
niyojan±numod± ca, iccaya½ kathine vidh²”ti.–

Ima½ g±tha½ ±haritv± kathinad±nakammav±c±ya paµhama½ kathinac²varassa paµiggahaºañca sapp±yapucchanañca karonti, tadayutta½ viya dissati. Kasm±ti ce? “Aµµhahaªgehi samann±gato puggalo bhabbo kathina½ attharitu½…pe… pubbakaraºa½ j±n±ti, paccuddh±ra½ j±n±ti, adhiµµh±na½ j±n±ti, atth±ra½ j±n±ti, m±tika½ j±n±ti, palibodha½ j±n±ti, uddh±ra½ j±n±ti, ±nisa½sa½ j±n±t²”ti pariv±rap±¼iyañca (pari. 409),

“Aµµhadhammavido bhikkhu, kathinatth±ramarahati;
pubbapaccuddh±r±dhiµµh±-natth±ro m±tik±ti ca;
palibodho ca uddh±ro, ±nisa½s± panaµµhime”ti. (Vi. vi. 2704, 2706)–

Vinayavinicchayappakaraºe ca ±gatesu aµµhasu aªgesu an±gatatt± ca “pubbakaraºa½ sattahi dhammehi saªgahita½ dhovanena vic±raºena chedanena bandhanena sibbanena rajanena kappakaraºen±”ti pariv±rap±¼iyañca (pari. 408),

“Dhovanañca vic±ro ca, chedana½ bandhanampi ca;
sibbana½ rajana½ kappa½, pubbakiccanti vuccat²”ti. (Vi. vi. 2707)–

Vinayavinicchayappakaraºe ca vuttesu sattasu pubbakaraºesu an±gatatt± ca.

Na kevalañca pakaraºesu an±gatameva, atha kho yuttipi na dissati. Katha½? Paµiggahaºa½ n±ma “yo pana bhikkhu adinna½ mukhadv±ra½ ±h±ra½ ±h±reyya aññatra udakadantapon±, p±cittiyan”ti (p±ci. 265) y±vak±lik±d²su ajjhoharitabbesu cat³su k±likavatth³su bhagavat± vutta½, na c²vare, ta½ pana p±dam³le µhapetv± dinnampi parammukh± dinnampi labbhateva. Vuttañhi aµµhakath±ya½ (mah±va. aµµha. 379) “ima½ c²vara½ itthann±massa damm²ti eva½ parammukh± v± p±dam³le µhapetv± ‘ima½ tumh±kan’ti eva½ sammukh± v± det²”ti, tasm± paµiggahaºakicca½ natthi, d±yakena c²vare dinne saªghassa cittena sampaµicchanamattameva pam±ºa½ hoti.
Sapp±yapucchanañca eva½ karonti– ekena bhikkhun± “bhonto saªgh± saªghassa kathine sampatte kassa puggalassa sapp±y±raha½ hot²”ti pucchite eko bhikkhu n±ma½ vatv± “itthann±massa therassa sapp±y±raha½ hot²”ti vadati, sapp±ya-iti ca niv±sanap±rupanattha½ gahetv± vadanti. Etasmi½ vacane saddato ca atthato ca adhipp±yato ca yutti gavesitabb± hoti. Katha½? Saddato vaggabhede satiyeva bahuvacana½ kattabba½, na abhede, eva½ saddato. Sapp±ya-itivacanañca anur³pattheyeva vattabba½, na niv±sanap±rupanatthe, eva½ atthato. Idañca c²vara½ saªgho kathina½ attharitu½ puggalassa deti, na niv±sanap±rupanattha½. Vuttañhi p±¼iya½ (mah±va. 307) “saªgho ima½ kathinadussa½ itthann±massa bhikkhuno deti kathina½ attharitun”ti, tasm± yutti gavesitabb± hoti. “Paµiggahaºañca sapp±yan”ti-±dig±th±pi katthaci p±¼iya½ aµµhakath±µ²k±d²su ca na dissati, tasm± idha vuttanayeneva paµipajjitabba½.
Sace bah³ jiººac²var±, vu¹¹hassa d±tabbanti ida½ kathinac²varassa saªghikatt± “na ca, bhikkhave, saªghika½ yath±vu¹¹ha½ paµib±hitabba½, yo paµib±heyya, ±patti dukkaµass±”ti imin± p±¼inayena (c³¼ava. 311) vutta½. Eteneva nayena sabbesu balavac²varesu santesupi vu¹¹hasseva d±tabbanti siddha½. Vu¹¹hesu…pe… d±tabbanti karaºasannidhimocanattha½ vutta½. Tenev±ha “sace vu¹¹ho”ty±di. Navakatarenapi hi karaºasannidhi½ mocetv± kathine atthate anumodana½ karontassa saªghassa pañc±nisa½sal±bho hot²ti. Apic±ti-±din± saªghena kattabbavatta½ dasseti. Vacanakkamo pana eva½ k±tabbo– kathinadussa½ labhitv± saªghe s²m±ya sannipatite ekena bhikkhun± “bhante, saªghassa ida½ kathinadussa½ uppanna½, saªgho ima½ kathinadussa½ kathann±massa bhikkhuno dadeyya kathina½ attharitun”ti vutte aññena “yo jiººac²varo, tass±”ti vattabba½, tato purimena “bah³ jiººac²var±”ti v± “natthi idha jiººac²var±”ti v± vutte aparena “tena hi vu¹¹hass±”ti vattabba½, puna purimena “ko ettha vu¹¹ho”ti vutte itarena “itthann±mo bhikkh³”ti vattabba½, puna purimena “so bhikkhu tadaheva c²vara½ katv± attharitu½ sakkot²”ti vutte itarena “so sakkot²”ti v± “saªgho mah±therassa saªgaha½ karissat²”ti v± vattabba½, puna purimena “so mah±thero aµµhahi aªgehi samann±gato”ti vutte itarena “±ma samann±gato”ti vattabba½, tato “s±dhu suµµhu tassa d±tabban”ti vutte byattena bhikkhun± paµibalena saªgho ñ±tabbo.