28. Catupaccayabh±jan²yavinicchayakath±

C²varabh±janakath±vaººan±

194. Eva½ upajjh±y±divattasaªkh±t±ni cuddasa khandhakavatt±ni kathetv± id±ni catunna½ paccay±na½ bh±jana½ kathento “catupaccayabh±janan”ti-±dim±ha. Tattha cat³ti saªkhy±sabban±mapada½. Paµicca eti s²tapaµigh±t±dika½ phala½ etasm±ti paccayo, c²var±di, paccayo ca paccayo ca paccay±, catt±ro paccay± catupaccaya½, bh±j²yate vibh±j²yate bh±jana½. Catupaccayassa bh±jana½ catupaccayabh±jana½. Ten±ha “c²var±d²na½ catunna½ paccay±na½ bh±janan”ti. Tattha tasmi½ catupaccayabh±jane samabhiniviµµhe c²varabh±jane t±va paµhama½ c²varapaµigg±hako…pe… veditabbo. Kasm±? Saªghikac²varassa dukkarabh±janatt±ti sambandho. Tattha ±gat±gata½ c²vara½ paµiggaºh±ti, paµiggahaºamattamevassa bh±roti c²varapaµigg±hako. C²varapaµigg±hakena paµiggahita½ c²vara½ nidahati, nidahanamattamevassa bh±roti c²varanidahako. Bhaº¹±g±re niyutto bhaº¹±g±riko. C²var±dikassa bhaº¹assa µhapanaµµh±nabh³ta½ ag±ra½ bhaº¹±g±ra½. C²vara½ bh±jeti bh±ga½ karot²ti c²varabh±jako. C²varassa bh±jana½ vibh±gakaraºa½ c²varabh±jana½, vibhajanakiriy±.

Tattha “c²varapaµigg±hako veditabbo”ti vutto, so kuto labbhateti ±ha “pañcahaªgehi…pe… sammannitabbo”ti. Katha½ viññ±yat²ti ±ha “anuj±n±mi…pe… vacanato”ti. Chandana½ chando, icchana½ pihananti attho. Gamana½ karaºa½ gati, kiriy±. G±reyh± gati agati, chandena agati chand±gati. Sesesupi eseva nayo. Katha½ chand±gati½ gacchat²ti ±ha “tattha pacch± ±gat±namp²”ti-±di. Evamitaresupi. Pañcamaªga½ pana satisampajaññayutt±bh±va½ dasseti. Sukkapakkhepi ito paµipakkhavasena veditabbo. Ten±ha “tasm±”ti-±di.

Im±ya kammav±c±ya v± apalokanena v±ti ida½ imassa sammutikammassa lahukakammatt± vutta½. Tath± hi vutta½ pariv±raµµhakath±ya½ (pari. aµµha. 482) “avases± terasa sammutiyo sen±sanagg±hamatakac²varad±n±disammutiyo c±ti et±ni lahukakamm±ni apaloketv±pi k±tu½ vaµµant²”ti. Antovih±re sabbasaªghamajjhepi khaº¹as²m±yampi sammannitu½ vaµµat²ti ettha antovih±reti baddhas²mavih±ra½ sandh±ya vutta½. Na hi abaddhas²mavih±re apalokan±dicatubbidhakamma½ k±tu½ vaµµati dubbisodhanatt±. Dhuravih±raµµh±neti vih±radv±rassa sammukhaµµh±ne.

197. Bhaº¹±g±rasammutiya½ vih±ramajjheyev±ti avippav±sas²m±saªkh±tamah±s²m± vih±rassa majjheyeva sammannitabb±. Imasmi½ pana µh±ne ima½ pana bhaº¹±g±ra½ khaº¹as²ma½ gantv± khaº¹as²m±ya½ nisinnehi sammannitu½ na vaµµati, vih±ramajjheyeva “suº±tu me, bhante, saªgho, yadi saªghassa pattakalla½, saªgho itthann±ma½ vih±ra½ bhaº¹±g±ra½ sammanneyy±”ti-±din± nayena “kammav±c±ya v± apalokanena v± sammannitabban”ti vacana½ niss±ya ñattidutiyakamma½ upac±ras²m±ya½ k±tu½ vaµµat²ti gahetv± kathinad±nakammampi abaddhas²m±bh³te vih±re upac±ras²m±ya½ karonti, ekacce ñattikammampi tatheva gahetv± abaddhas²mavih±re upac±ras²m±matteyeva uposathapav±raºa½ karonti, tadayutta½, k±raºa½ panettha kathinavinicchayakath±ya½ (vi. saªga. aµµha. 226) ±vi bhavissati.

198. Tul±bh³toti tul±sadiso. Idanti s±maºer±na½ upa¹¹hapaµiv²sad±na½. Ima½ kira p±µha½ amanasikaront± id±ni k±lac²varampi s±maºer±na½ upa¹¹hapaµiv²sa½ denti. Ph±tikammanti pahonakakamma½, yattakena vinay±gatena sammuñjan²bandhan±dihatthakammena vih±rassa ³nat± na hoti, tattaka½ katv±ti attho. Sabbesanti tatrupp±davass±v±sika½ gaºhant±na½ sabbesa½ bhikkh³na½ s±maºer±nañca. Bhaº¹±g±rac²varep²ti ak±lac²vara½ sandh±ya vutta½. Ukkuµµhi½ karont²ti mah±sadda½ karonti. Etanti ukkuµµhiy± kat±ya samabh±gad±na½. Virajjhitv± karont²ti kattabbak±lesu akatv± yath±rucitakkhaºe karonti. Samapaµiv²so d±tabboti kariss±m±ti y±cant±na½ paµiññ±mattenapi samako koµµh±so d±tabbo.

Atirekabh±gen±ti dasa bhikkh³ honti, s±µak±pi daseva, tesu eko dv±dasa agghati, ses± dasagghanak±. Sabbesu dasagghanakavasena kuse p±tite yassa bhikkhuno dv±dasagghanako kuso p±tito, so “ettakena mama c²vara½ pahot²”ti tena atirekabh±gena gantuk±mo hoti. Ettha ca ettakena mama c²vara½ pahot²ti dv±dasagghanakena mama c²vara½ paripuººa½ hoti, na tato ³nen±ti sabba½ gahetuk±moti attho. Bhikkh³ “atireka½ ±vuso saªghassa santakan”ti vadanti, ta½ sutv± bhagav± “saªghike ca gaºasantake ca appaka½ n±ma natthi, sabbattha sa½yamo k±tabbo, gaºhantenapi kukkucc±yitabban”ti dassetu½ “anuj±n±mi, bhikkhave, anukkhepe dinne”ti ±ha. Tattha anukkhepo n±ma ya½ kiñci anukkhipitabba½ anuppad±tabba½ kappiyabhaº¹a½, yattaka½ tassa paµiv²se adhika½, tattake agghanake yasmi½ kismiñci kappiyabhaº¹e dinneti atthoti imamattha½ saªkhepena dassetu½ “sace dasa bhikkh³ honti”ty±di vutta½.

Vikalake tosetv±ti ettha c²varavikalaka½ puggalavikalakanti dve vikalak±. Tattha c²varavikalaka½ n±ma sabbesa½ pañca pañca vatth±ni patt±ni, ses±nipi atthi, ekeka½ pana na p±puº±ti, chinditv± d±tabb±ni. Chindantehi ca a¹¹hamaº¹al±d²na½ v± up±hanathavik±d²na½ v± pahonak±ni khaº¹±ni katv± d±tabb±ni, heµµhimaparicchedena caturaªgulavitth±rampi anuv±tappahonak±y±ma½ khaº¹a½ katv± d±tu½ vaµµati. Aparibhoga½ pana na k±tabbanti evamettha c²varassa appahonakabh±vo c²varavikalaka½. Chinditv± dinne paneta½ tosita½ hoti. Atha kusap±to k±tabbo, sacepi ekassa bhikkhuno koµµh±se eka½ v± dve v± vatth±ni nappahonti, tattha añña½ s±maºaka½ parikkh±ra½ µhapetv± yo tena tussati, tassa ta½ bh±ga½ datv± pacch± kusap±to k±tabbo. Idampi c²varavikalakanti andhaµµhakath±ya½ vutta½.

Puggalavikalaka½ n±ma dasa dasa bhikkh³ gaºetv± vagga½ karont±na½ eko vaggo na p³rati, aµµha v± nava v± honti, tesa½ aµµha v± nava v± koµµh±s± “tumhe ime gahetv± visu½ bh±jeth±”ti d±tabb±. Evamaya½ puggal±na½ appahonakabh±vo puggalavikalaka½ n±ma. Visu½ dinne pana ta½ tosita½ hoti, eva½ tosetv± kusap±to k±tabboti. Atha v± vikalake tosetv±ti yo c²varavibh±go ³nako, ta½ aññena parikkh±rena sama½ katv± kusap±to k±tabboti imamattha½ dasseti “sace sabbesa½ pañca pañca vatth±n²”ti-±din±.

199. Ito para½ tesu tesu vatth³su ±gatavasena aµµhakath±ya½ vuttesu vinicchayesu santesupi tesa½ vinicchay±na½ aµµham±tik±vinicchayato avimuttatt± aµµham±tik±vinicchayesveva pakkhipitv± dassetu½ “id±ni aµµhim±, bhikkhave”ti-±dim±ha. Y± t± aµµha m±tik± bhagavat± vutt±, t±sa½ aµµhanna½ m±tik±na½ vasena vinicchayo id±ni veditabboti yojan±. Parikkhep±rahaµµh±nena paricchinn±ti imin± aparikkhittassa vih±rassa dhuvasannip±taµµh±n±dito paµhamale¹¹up±tassa anto upac±ras²m±ti dasseti. Id±ni dutiyale¹¹up±tassa antopi upac±ras²m±yev±ti dassetu½ “apic±”ti-±di ±raddha½. Dhuvasannip±taµµh±nampi pariyantagatameva gahetabba½. “Eva½ sante tiyojane µhit± l±bha½ gaºhissant²”ti-±din± ime l±bhaggahaº±dayo upac±ras²m±vaseneva hoti, na avippav±sas²m±vasen±ti dasseti, tena ca im±ni l±bhaggahaº±d²niyeva upac±ras²m±ya½ kattabb±ni, na apalokanakamm±d²ni catt±ri kamm±ni, t±ni pana avippav±sas²m±d²suyeva kattabb±n²ti pak±seti. Tath± hi vutta½ s±ratthad²paniya½ (s±rattha. µ². mah±vagga 3.379) “bhikkhun²na½ ±r±mappavesanasen±sanapucchan±di pariv±sam±natt±rocanavassacchedanissayasen±sanagg±h±di vidh±nanti ida½ sabba½ imiss±yeva upac±ras²m±ya vasena veditabban”ti.

L±bhatth±ya µhapit± s²m± l±bhas²m±. Loke g±mas²m±dayo viya l±bhas²m± n±ma visu½ pasiddh± natthi, ken±ya½ anuññ±t±ti ±ha “neva samm±sambuddhen±”ti-±di. Etena n±ya½ s±sanavoh±rasiddh±, lokavoh±rasiddh± ev±ti dasseti. Janapadaparicchedoti ida½ lokapasiddhas²m±saddatthavasena vutta½, paricchedabbhantarampi sabba½ janapadas²m±ti gahetabba½. Janapado eva janapadas²m±, eva½ raµµhas²m±d²supi. Ten±ha “±º±pavattiµµh±nan”ti-±di. Pathav²vemajjhagatass±ti y±va udakapariyant± khaº¹as²matt± vutta½. Upac±ras²m±d²su pana abaddhas²m±su heµµh±pathaviya½ sabbattha µhit±na½ na p±puº±ti, k³p±dipaves±rahaµµh±ne µhit±naññeva p±puº±t²ti heµµh± s²makath±ya½ vuttanayeneva ta½ta½s²maµµhabh±vo veditabbo. Cakkav±¼as²m±ya dinna½ pathav²sandh±raka-udakaµµh±nepi µhit±na½ p±puº±ti sabbattha cakkav±¼avoh±ratt±ti. Sam±nasa½v±sa-avippav±sas²m±su dinnassa ida½ n±natta½– “avippav±sas²m±ya damm²”ti dinna½ g±maµµh±na½ na p±puº±ti. Kasm±? “Ýhapetv± g±mañca g±m³pac±rañc±”ti (mah±va. 144) vuttatt±. “Sam±nasa½v±sakas²m±yadamm²”ti dinna½ pana g±me µhit±nampi p±puº±t²ti.

200-1. Buddh±dhivutthoti buddhena bhagavat± adhivuttho. Ekasminti ekasmi½ vih±re. P±kavattanti nibaddhad±na½. Vattat²ti pavattati. Tehi vattabbanti yesa½ sammukhe esa deti, tehi bhikkh³hi vattabba½.

202. Dutiyabh±ge pana ther±sana½ ±ru¼heti y±va saªghanavaka½ ekav±ra½ sabbesa½ bh±ga½ datv± c²vare aparikkh²ºe puna sabbesa½ d±tu½ dutiyabh±ge therassa dinneti attho. Pubbe vuttanayen±ti “tuyheva bhikkhu t±ni c²var±n²”ti (mah±va. 363) bhagavat± vuttanayena. Pa½suk³lik±nampi vaµµat²ti “tuyha½ dem±”ti avatv±, ‘bhikkh³na½ dema, ther±na½ dem±”ti vuttatt± “pa½suk³lik±nampi vaµµat²”ti s±ratthad²paniya½ (s±rattha. µ². mah±vagga 3.379) vutta½. Vimativinodaniya½ (vi. vi. µ². mah±vagga 2.379) pana pa½suk³lik±nampi vaµµat²ti ettha “tuyha½ dem±”ti avuttatt±ti k±raºa½ vadanti. Yadi eva½ “saªghassa dem±”ti vuttepi vaµµeyya, “bhikkh³na½ dema, ther±na½ dema, saªghassa dem±”ti vacanato bhedo na dissati, v²ma½sitabbamettha k±raºanti. P±rupitu½ vaµµat²ti pa½suk³lik±na½ vaµµati. S±mikehi vic±ritamev±ti up±hanatthavik±d²namatth±ya vic±ritameva.

203. Upa¹¹ha½ d±tabbanti ya½ ubhatosaªghassa dinna½, tato upa¹¹ha½ bhikkh³na½ upa¹¹ha½ bhikkhun²na½ d±tabba½. Sacepi eko bhikkhu hoti, ek± v± bhikkhun², antamaso anupasampannassapi upa¹¹hameva d±tabba½. “Bhikkhusaªghassa ca bhikkhun²nañca damm²”ti vutte pana na majjhe bhinditv± d±tabbanti ettha yasm± bhikkhunipakkhe saªghassa pacceka½ apar±maµµhatt± bhikkhun²na½ gaºan±ya bh±go d±tabboti d±yakassa adhipp±yoti sijjhati, tath± d±nañca bhikkh³pi gaºetv± dinne eva yujjati. Itarath± hi “kittaka½ bhikkh³na½ d±tabba½, kittaka½ bhikkhun²nan”ti na viññ±yati, tasm± “bhikkhusaªghass±”ti vuttavacanampi “bhikkh³nan”ti vuttavacanasadisamev±ti ±ha “bhikkh³ ca bhikkhuniyo ca gaºetv± d±tabban”ti. Ten±ha “puggalo…pe… bhikkhusaªghaggahaºena gahitatt±”ti. “Bhikkhusaªghassa ca bhikkhun²nañca tuyhañc±”ti vutte pana puggalo visu½ na labhat²ti ida½ aµµhakath±pam±ºeneva gahetabba½, na hettha visesak±raºa½ upalabbhati. Tath± hi “ubhatosaªghassa ca tuyhañca damm²”ti vutte s±maññavisesavacanehi saªgahitatt± yath± puggalo visu½ labhati, evamidh±pi “bhikkhusaªghassa ca tuyhañc±”ti s±maññavisesavacanasabbh±vato bhavitabbameva visu½ puggalapaµiv²sen±ti viññ±yati, tasm± aµµhakath±vacanamevettha pam±ºa½. P±puºanaµµh±nato ekameva labhat²ti attano vassaggena pattaµµh±nato ekameva koµµh±sa½ labhati. Tattha k±raºam±ha “kasm±? Bhikkhusaªghaggahaºena gahitatt±”ti, bhikkhusaªghaggahaºeneva puggalassapi gahitatt±ti adhipp±yoti s±ratthad²paniya½ (s±rattha. µ². mah±vagga 3.379) vutta½.