Tatr±pyeke vadanti– “m± iti cando vuccati tassa gatiy± divasassa minitabbato, soettha sabbakal±p±rip³riy± puººoti puººam±”ti-±din± vinayatthamañj³s±d²su (kaªkh±.abhi. µ². nid±navaººan±) ±gamanato puºº±tithiyogopi puººamiy± eva icchitabbo,na p±µipade, tath± nakkhattayogopi ±s±¼hisukkapakkhassa pannarase uposathe “uttar±s±¼hanakkhatte,eva½ dh±tu patiµµhit±”ti mah±va½se vacanatoti. Tattha purim± vadanti– eva½ santeuposathadivaseyeva candagg±ho ca s³riyagg±ho ca bhaveyya, id±ni panak±¼apakkhap±µipad±d²suyeva candagg±ho, sukkapakkhap±µipad±d²suyeva s³riyagg±ho paññ±yati, tasm± p±µipadeyeva tithinakkhattayogo icchitabboti. Pacchim±pi vadanti–tumh±dis±na½ v±d²na½ vacanena pubbe ±ka¹¹hitabbadivas±na½ an±ka¹¹hitatt± divasapuñjabh±venaeva½ hoti, saccato pana uposathadivaseyeva candagg±ho s³riyagg±ho ca icchitabboti.Hotu, yath± icchatha, tath± vadatha, eva½ bh³tapubbo s±µµhakathe tepiµake buddhavacane atth²ti?Atthi. Gandh±raj±take (j±. aµµha. 3.7.75 gandh±raj±takavaººan±) hi uposathadivase candagg±hodvikkhattu½ ±gato. Tañhi j±taka½ t²su piµakesu suttapariy±panna½, pañcasu nik±yesukhuddakanik±yapariy±panna½, navasu s±sanaªgesu j±takapariy±pannanti. Eva½ vutte purimak±paµivacana½ d±tu½ na sakkuºeyyunti.

Athekacce “piµakattaye adhikam±s±yeva santi, na adhikadivas± s±ratthad²paniya½ (s±rattha.µ². p±cittiya 3.404) ‘ya½ pana vutta½ t²supi gaºµhipadesu aµµh±rasanna½yeva vass±na½adhikam±se gahetv± gaºitatt± sesavassadvayassapi adhik±ni divas±ni honteva, t±niadhikadivas±ni sandh±ya nikkaªkh± hutv±ti vuttanti, ta½ na gahetabba½. Na hi dv²suvassesu adhikadivas± n±ma visu½ upalabbhanti tatiye vasse vassukka¹¹hanavasena adhikam±separiccatteyeva adhikam±sasambhavato, tasm± dv²su vassesu atirekadivas± n±ma visu½na sambhavant²’ti vacanato”ti vadanti. Athaññe vadanti– piµakattaye adhikadivas±ti ±gat±atthi vajirabuddhiµ²k±ya½ (vajira. µ². p±cittiya 404) “avases±na½ dvinna½ vass±na½adhikadivas±ni honteva, tasm± nikkaªkh± hutv± upasamp±dent²”ti vacanatoti. Itoparampi vividhena ±k±rena kathenti. Suddhavedik±pi eva½ vadanti,vinayadhar± bhikkh³ vinayasamayavasena vadanti. Amh±ka½ pana vedasamaye hatthagatagaºanavasenevaj±nitabbanti alamatipapañcena. Atthikehi tivass±dhikasahassakaliyuge dhammar±jenapucchitatt± kata½ adhim±sapakaraºa½ oloketv± j±nitabba½.

Idha pana adhippetavinicchayameva kathay±ma. Paµhamadutiyav±desu na bimbis±rar±j± bhagavanta½adhim±sapaññ±pana½ y±cati, na ca bhagav± paññapeti, na “tasmi½ vasse ida½ n±ma adhim±sa½hot²”ti v± “m±samatta½ v± sahadivasa½ v± ±ka¹¹hitabban”ti v± p±¼iya½ aµµhakath±µ²k±suca atthi, r±j± pana upakaµµh±ya vass³pan±yik±ya vedasamaye vassukka¹¹hanasambhavato bhikkh³na½paµhama-±s±¼ham±se vassa½ anupagantv± dutiya-±s±¼ham±se upagamanattha½ “yadi pan±yy±±game juºhe vassa½ upagaccheyyun”ti d³ta½ p±hesi. Yadi pana upagaccheyyu½, s±dhuvat±ti sambandhitabba½. Bhikkh³ pana rañño pahitas±sana½ bhagavato ±rocesu½. Bhagav± panavassukka¹¹hane bhikkh³na½ guºaparih±niy± abh±vato “anuj±n±mi, bhikkhave, r±j³na½ anuvattitun”ti(mah±va. 186) avoca. Tena vutta½ aµµhakath±ya½ (mah±va. aµµha. 185) “anuj±n±mi bhikkhaver±j³na½ anuvattitunti ettha vassukka¹¹hanabhikkh³na½ k±ci parih±ni n±ma natth²ti-anuvattitu½anuññ±tan”ti. Vimativinodaniyañca (vi. vi. µ². mah±vagga 2.185) vutta½ “parih±n²tiguºaparih±n²”ti, tasm± y±c±dhim±so v± hotu patt±dhim±so v±, yasmi½ yasmi½k±le anuvattanena bhikkh³na½ s²l±diguºampi parih±ni natthi, tasmi½ tasmi½ k±leanuvattitabba½.

Katha½ pana anuvattitabba½, katha½ na anuvattitabba½? Yadi anuvattante pubbe upavutthadivasatoid±ni upavasitabba-uposathadivaso c±tuddaso v± pannaraso v± hoti, tath± ati anuvattitabba½. Yadi pana terasamo v± so¼asamo v± hoti, na anuvattitabba½. Anuvattantohi anuposathe uposathakato hoti, tato “na, bhikkhave, anuposathe uposatho k±tabbo,yo kareyya, ±patti dukkaµass±”ti (mah±va. 183) vuttadukkaµa½ ±pajjati, tasm±s²laguºaparih±nisambhavato na anuvattitabba½. Vuttañhi vimativinodaniya½ (vi. vi.µ². mah±vagga 2.240) “anuj±n±mi, bhikkhave, r±j³na½ anuvattitunti vacanato panetthalokiy±na½ tithi½ anuvattantehipi attano uposathakkamena c±tuddasi½ pannarasi½ v±, pannarasi½c±tuddasi½ v± karonteheva anuvattitabba½, na pana so¼asamadivasa½ v± terasamadivasa½ v±uposathadivasa½ karonteh²”ti.

Tatiyacatutthav±depi “kati vass³pan±yik±”ti sa½sayant±na½ sa½sayavinodanattha½ “dvem±,bhikkhave, vass³pan±yik± purimik± pacchimik±”ti (mah±va. 184) bhagav± avoca.Tato t±sa½ dvinna½ vass³pan±yik±na½ upagamanak±la½ dassetu½ “aparajjugat±ya ±s±¼hiy±purimik± upagantabb±, m±sagat±ya ±s±¼hiy± pacchimik± upagantabb±”ti vutta½.Tatr±ya½ piº¹attho– ±s±¼hipuººamiy± anantare p±µipadadivase purimik± upagantabb±,s±vaºapuººamiy± anantare p±µipadadivase pacchimik± upagantabb±ti. Tena vutta½ aµµhakath±ya½ (mah±va. aµµha. 184) “tasm± ±s±¼hipuººam±ya anantare p±µipadadivase, ±s±¼hipuººamito v± apar±ya puººam±ya anantare p±µipadadivaseyeva vih±ra½ paµijaggitv± p±n²ya½ paribhojan²ya½upaµµh±petv± sabba½ cetiyavandan±dis±m²cikamma½ niµµh±petv± ‘imasmi½ vih±re ima½tem±sa½ vassa½ upem²’ti saki½ v± dvattikkhattu½ v± v±ca½ nicch±retv± vassa½upagantabban”ti s±ratthad²paniyampi (s±rattha. µ². mah±vagga 3.184)“aparajj³ti ±s±¼hito apara½ dina½, p±µipadanti attho”ti, vimativinodaniyampi(vi. vi. µ². mah±vagga 2.184) “aparasmi½ divaseti dutiye p±µipadadivase”tieva½ p±¼i-aµµhakath±µ²k±su p±µipadadivaseyeva vass³pagamana½ vutta½, na vutta½ “amukatithiyoge”tiv± “amukanakkhattayoge”ti v±, tasm± p±µipadadivase p±to aruºuggamanato paµµh±yasakaladivasa½ sakalaratti y±va dutiya-aruºuggaman± yath±rucite k±le vassa½ upagantabbantidaµµhabba½. Tato eva vass³pan±yikak±le puºº±tithiy± yogo, uttar±s±¼hanakkhattenayogo hot³ti vadant±na½ vacana½ vinayaviruddha½ hoti, ta½ vacana½ gahetv± puºº±tithiyoga½uttar±s±¼hanakkhattayogañca ±gametv± vassa½ upagantv±pi tath±gatena apaññatta½ paññapetin±m±ti daµµhabba½.

Eva½ p±¼i-aµµhakath±µ²k±su ca puºº±tithiyoge eva vassa½ upagantabba½, na ek±ya tithiy±yutteti v± uttar±s±¼hanakkhattayogeyeva, na s±vaºanakkhattayogeti v± an±gatameva ch±ya½gahetv± tath±gatena paññatta½ viya potthakesu likhitv± kehici µhapitatt± sakala½vinayapiµaka½ apassant± vedas±mayik± ta½ vacana½ saddahitv± vass³pagamanak±le puºº±tithi-uttar±s±¼hayogamevagavesant± m±sadivasena saha ±ka¹¹hitabbak±lepi m±samattameva ±ka¹¹hanti, m±samattameva±ka¹¹hitabbak±lepi saha divasena ±ka¹¹hanti, tasm± eva½v±dino bhikkh³ “apaññatta½tath±gatena paññatta½ tath±gaten±ti d²pet²”ti vattabbata½ ±pajjanti, tasm± bhagavatig±ravasahit± lajjino paº¹it± eva½ na gaºhant²ti. Tithinakkhattayogo pana uposathadivaseyevabahudh± piµakattaye ±gato, por±ºavedaganthesu ca pasa½sito, kad±cipana voh±rak±lo tithiy± nakkhattena ca visamo hoti, tasm± ta½ sametu½ adhim±sapatanak±lem±sampi divasampi ±ka¹¹hanti, tasm± aññasmi½ k±le visamepi ±ka¹¹hanak±le sam±petabba½.Eva½ sati m±sa-utusa½vacchar±na½ samabh±vo hot²ti daµµhabba½.

Pañcamachaµµhav±desu adhim±soti aµµh±rasavassato adhikam±sa½ gahetv± vutto, tasm± “adhiko m±so adhim±so”ti kammadh±rayasam±satt± pulliªga½ katv± vutto. Pubbe panam±sapuñjato adhikaghaµiyo gahetv± vutto, tasm± “m±sato adhika½ adhim±san”tiabyay²bh±vasam±satt± napu½sakaliªga½ katv± vutta½. Idha pana “por±ºakatther± ek³nav²sativassa½s±maºera½ nikkhaman²yapuººam±si½ atikkamma p±µipadadivase upasamp±denti, ta½ kasm±ti?Vuccate– ekasmi½ vasse cha c±tuddasika-uposathadivas± honti, iti v²satiy± vassesucatt±ro m±s± parih±yanti, r±j±no tatiye tatiye vasse vassa½ upaka¹¹hanti, itiaµµh±rasasu vassesu cha m±s± va¹¹hanti, tato uposathavasena parih²ne catt±ro m±se apanetv±dve m±s± avases± honti, te dve m±se gahetv± v²sati vass±ni paripuºº±ni hont²tinikkaªkh± hutv± nikkhaman²yapuººam±si½ atikkamma p±µipade upasamp±dent²”ti aµµhakath±vacane(p±ci. aµµha. 404) “nikkaªkh± hutv±ti adhikam±sehi saddhi½ paripuººav²sativassatt±nibbematik± hutv±”ti attho s±ratthad²paniya½ (s±rattha. µ². p±cittiya 3.404)vutto.

Tatra nanu ca “t²supi gaºµhipadesu aµµh±rasanna½…pe… vuttan”ti vutta½, ta½ kathanticodana½ sandh±ya “ya½ pana vutta½…pe… ta½ na gahetabban”ti kiñc±pi vutta½,tath±pi ta½ gaºµhipadesu vuttavacana½ na gahetabbanti attho, kasm± na gahetabbanti±ha “na h²”ti-±di. Hi yasm± na upalabbhanti, tasm± na gahetabbanti yojan±.Katha½ viññ±yat²ti ±ha “tatiye”ti-±di. Pariccatteyeva sambhavato, apariccatteasambhavato na upalabbhant²ti byatirekavasena hetuphalayojan±. Tasm±ti-±di laddhaguºa½.

Vajirabuddhiµ²k±ya½ pana gaºµhipadesu vuttameva gahetv± vadati. Et±ni vacan±ni s±maºer±na½v²sativassaparipuººabh±vas±dhak±niyeva honti, na adhim±sapatanav±resu sadivasam±s±ka¹¹hanabh±vas±dhak±ni,tasm± im±ni ±haritv± ta½ adhikaraºa½ vinicchitu½ na sakkonti. Bhikkh³ pana bah³na½sannip±te kiñci p±µha½ ±haritv± kathetu½ samattho sobhat²ti katv± ²disa½ p±µha½±haranti. Sutasannicayapaº¹it± pana icchitatthassa as±dhakatt± evar³pa½ na ±haranti. Suddhavedik±nampivacane vinayadhar± vinayameva j±nanti, na b±hirasamaya½. Aya½ pana kath± b±hirasamaye pavatt±,tasm± vinayadhar±na½ avisayoti maññant± vadanti.

Vinayadhar± pana ekacce vinayameva j±nanti, ekacce sakala½ piµakattaya½ j±nanti, ekacce sab±hirasamaya½ piµakattaya½ j±nanti, tasm± kathetu½ samatthabh±voyeva pam±ºa½. Vedik±nampivacana½ vedappakaraº±gatameva pam±ºa½. Na ya½ kiñci hatthagatagaºanamatta½, tasm± yad± pathavissaror±j± sadivasa½ m±sa½ ±ka¹¹hituk±mo “jeµµham±sak±¼apakkha-uposatha½ pannarasiya½ karont³”tiy±cissati, tad± “saki½ pakkhassa c±tuddase v± pannarase v±”ti vacanato pannarasiya½uposathakaraºe doso natthi, yad± suddham±sameva ±ka¹¹hituk±mo “c±tuddasiya½ karont³”tiy±cissati, eva½ sati pakatiy±pi jeµµham±sak±¼apakkhuposatho c±tuddasoyev±ti katv±doso natthi, ubhayath±pi uposatho sukatoyeva hoti, tasm± anuvattitabbo.Tato para½ paµham±s±¼ham±sassa juºhapakkhepi k±¼apakkhepi dutiy±s±¼ham±sassa juºhapakkhepipannaras²-uposatha½ katv± p±µipadadivase tithiyoga½ v± nakkhattayoga½ v± anoloketv±p±to aruºuggaman±nantarato paµµh±ya y±va puna aruºuggaman± sakaladivasarattiya½ yath±jjh±saya½vassa½ upagacchanto s³pagatova hoti, natthi koci dosoti daµµhabbo. Bhavatveva½, p±tovavassa½ upagacchanto atth²ti? Atthi. Vuttañheta½ sen±sanakkhandhakavaººan±ya½ (c³¼ava.aµµha. 318) “sace p±tova g±hite sen±sane añño vitakkac±riko bhikkhu ±gantv±sen±sana½ y±cati, ‘gahita½, bhante, sen±sana½, vass³pagato saªgho, ramaº²yo vih±ro,rukkham³l±d²su yattha icchatha, tattha vasath±’ti vattabbo”ti.

Iti vinayasaªgahasa½vaººan±bh³te vinay±laªk±re

Vass³pan±yikavinicchayakath±laªk±ro n±ma

Chabb²satimo paricchedo.

Paµhamo bh±go niµµhito.

Namo tassa bhagavato arahato samm±sambuddhassa.

Vinay±laªk±ra-µ²k± (dutiyo bh±go)