Ya½ pana vassa½ upagatassa tadaheva aruºa½ anuµµh±petv± sakaraº²yassa pakkamanavacana½, ta½vassa½ upagatak±lato paµµh±ya yad± kad±ci nimitte sati gamanassa anuññ±tatt± yutta½, napana satt±hav±rena gatassa aruºa½ anuµµh±petv± tadahevagamana½ “aruºo uµµh±petabbo”tivuttatt±. Yath± v± “satt±h±n±gat±ya pav±raº±ya sakaraº²yo pakkamati, ±gaccheyyav± so, bhikkhave, bhikkhu ta½ ±v±sa½ na v± ±gaccheyy±”ti-±din± (mah±va. 207)pacchimasatt±he an±gamane anuññ±tepi aññasatt±hesu ta½ na vaµµati. Eva½ paµhamasatt±hearuºa½ anuµµh±petv± gamane anuññ±tepi tato paresu satt±hesu ±gatassa aruºa½ anuµµh±petv±gamana½ na vaµµati ev±ti niµµhamettha gantabba½.

Sace pav±ritak±le vass±v±sika½ dent²ti-±din± vass±v±sikac²varampikathinac²vara½ viya vassa½vutthavih±rapaµibaddhanti viññ±yati. “Yadi satt±hav±renaaruºa½ uµµh±payi½su, gahetabban”ti pana vuttatt± satt±hakaraº²yena gantv± satt±habbhantare±gat± labhanti. Kathin±nisa½sac²vara½ pana saªgha½ an±pucch± te na labhanti. Vakkhatihi “satt±hakaraº²yena gat±pi bh±jan²yabhaº¹a½ labhant³ti v± evar³pa½ adhammikavatta½ nak±tabban”ti (vi. saªga. aµµha. 182). Idha ±haµanti vih±rato bahi ±gataµµh±ne ±n²ta½.

V±¼ehi ubb±¼h± honti, gaºhantipi parip±tentip²ti ettha gaºhant²ti gahetv±kh±danti. Parip±tent²ti pal±penti, anubandhant²ti attho. Imesu “g±¼ehiubb±¼h± hont²”ti-±d²su saªghabhedapariyantesu vatth³su kevala½ an±patti hoti,pav±retu½ pana na labhat²ti daµµhabba½. Sace pan±ti-±d²su yasm± n±n±s²m±ya½ dv²su±v±sesu vassa½ upagacchantassa “dutiye vasiss±m²”ti upac±rato nikkhantamatte paµhamosen±sanagg±ho paµippassambhati, tasm± p±¼iya½ (mah±va. 207) “tassa, bhikkhave, bhikkhunopurimik± ca na paññ±yat²”ti paµhama½ sen±sanagg±ha½ sandh±ya vutta½. Dutiyasen±sanagg±hepana purimik± paññ±yateva, tattheva tem±sa½ vasanto purimavassa½vutthoeva hoti. Tato v± pana dutiyadivas±d²su “paµhamasen±sane vasiss±m²”ti upac±r±tikkamepurimik±pi na paññ±yat²ti daµµhabba½.

Paµissavassa visa½v±danapaccay± hontampi dukkaµa½ satiyeva paµissave hot²ti ±ha “tassatassa paµissavassa visa½v±de dukkaµan”ti. Tenev±ha “tañca kho…pe… visa½v±danapaccay±”ti.P±¼iya½ (mah±va. 207) “so satt±h±n±gat±ya pav±raº±ya sakaraº²yo pakkamat²”tivuttatt± pav±raº±divasepi satt±hakaraº²ya½ vin± gantu½ na vaµµat²ti daµµhabba½. Imasmi½µh±ne “navamito paµµh±ya gantu½ vaµµat²”ti aµµhakath±vacana½ kacci uposathadivasato upanidh±yanavam² icchitabb±, ud±hu lokiyatithivasen±ti ±saªkanti. Tatreva½ vinicchitabba½–purimabhaddapadam±sak±¼apakkha-uposathadivasa½ upanidh±ya icchitabb±, na lokiyatithivasena. Bhaddapadam±sassa hi k±¼apakkha-uposathadivasa½ mariy±da½ katv± tadanantarap±µipadadivasato paµµh±ya gaºiyam±ne sati yo divaso navamo hoti, tato paµµh±y±ti vutta½ hoti. Tithipekkh±yapana itthiliªgavoh±ro, tato navamito paµµh±ya an±gatasatt±he pav±raº± hoti.

Satt±ha½ an±gat±ya ass±ti satt±h±n±gat±. K± s±? Pav±raº±. Assayujam±sassasukkapakkhanavamiya½ satt±hakaraº²ya½ adhiµµh±ya gacchanto bhikkhu antovassassa satt±hamatt±vasiµµhatt±sattama-aruºe uggatamatte vutthavasso hoti, dasamiya½ ch±hamatta½, ek±dasamiya½ pañc±hamatta½,dv±dasiya½ catur±hamatta½, terasiya½ t²hamatta½, cuddasiya½ dv²hamatta½, pannarasiya½ ek±hamatta½avasiµµha½ hoti, tasm± pav±raº±divasassa pariyos±nabh³ta-aruºasmi½ uggate vutthavassohoti, tasm± tesa½ bhikkh³na½ kukkuccavinodanattha½ bhagav± dhammass±m²“so satt±h±n±gat±ya pav±raº±ya sakaraº²yo pakkamati, ±gaccheyya v± so, bhikkhave,bhikkhu ta½ ±v±sa½ na v± ±gaccheyya, tassa, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno purimik± ca paññ±yati,paµissave ca an±patt²”ti (mah±va. 207) ±ha. Satt±h±n±gat±ya komudiy± c±tum±siniy±tietth±pi eseva nayo. Tattha komudiy± c±tum±siniy±ti pacchimakattikapuººam±ya½.S± hi kumud±na½ atthit±ya komud², catunna½ vassikam±s±na½ pariyos±natt±c±tum±sin²ti vuccati. Tad± hi kumud±ni supupphit±ni honti, tasm±kumud± ettha pupphant²ti komud²ti vuccati, kumudavat²ti vutta½ hoti.

182. Antovassavattakath±ya½ nibaddhavatta½ µhapetv±ti sajjh±yamanasik±r±d²su nirantarakaraº²yesukattabba½ katikavatta½ katv±. Kas±vaparibhaº¹anti kas±vehi bh³miparikamma½.Vattanti katikavatta½.

Evar³pa½ adhammikavatta½ na k±tabbanti n±n±verajjak± hi bhikkh³ sannipatanti, tatthakeci dubbal± appath±m± evar³pa½ vatta½ anup±letu½ na sakkonti, tasm± idha ±gatañcacatutthap±r±jikavaººan±ya½ (p±r±. aµµha. 2.227) ±gata½ ±v±sa½ v± maº¹apa½ v± s²ma½v± ya½ kiñci µh±na½ paricchinditv± “yo imamh± ±v±s± paµhama½ pakkamissati, ta½‘arah±’ti j±niss±m±”ti kat±ya katik±ya yo “ma½ ‘arah±’ti j±nant³”titamh± µh±n± paµhama½ pakkamati, p±r±jiko hoti. Yo pana ±cariyupajjh±y±na½ v±kiccena m±t±pit³na½ v± kenacideva karaº²yena bhikkh±c±ravatta½ v± uddesaparipucch±d²na½atth±ya aññena v± t±disena karaº²yena ta½ µh±na½ atikkamitv± gacchati, an±patti.Sacepissa eva½ gatassa pacch± icch±c±ro uppajjati “na d±n±ha½ tattha gamiss±mi,eva½ ma½ arah±ti sambh±vessant²”ti, an±pattiyeva.

Yopi kenacideva karaº²yena ta½ µh±na½ patv± sajjh±yamanasik±r±divasena aññavihito v±hutv± cor±d²hi v± anubaddho megha½ v± uµµhita½ disv± anovassaka½ pavisituk±mota½ µh±na½ atikkamati, an±patti, y±nena v± iddhiy± v± gacchantopi p±r±jika½n±pajjati, padagamaneneva ±pajjati. Tampi yehi saha katik± kat±, tehi saddhi½ apubba½acarima½ gacchanto n±pajjati. Eva½ gacchant± hi sabbepi aññamañña½ rakkhanti. Sacepimaº¹aparukkham³l±d²su kiñci µh±na½ paricchindanti “yo ettha nis²dati v± caªkamativ±, ta½ ‘arah±’ti j±niss±ma”, pupph±ni v± µhapetv±, “yo im±ni gahetv±p³ja½ karissati, ta½ ‘arah±’ti j±niss±m±”ti-±din± nayena katik± kat± hoti,tatr±pi icch±c±ravasena tath± karontassa p±r±jikameva. Sacepi up±sakena antar±maggevih±ro v± kato hoti, c²var±d²ni v± µhapit±ni honti “ye arahanto, te imasmi½vih±re vasantu, c²var±d²ni v± gaºhant³”ti, tatr±pi icch±c±ravasena vasantassa v±t±ni v± gaºhantassa p±r±jikameva, eta½ pana adhammikakatikavatta½, tasm± na k±tabba½,añña½ v± evar³pa½ “imasmi½ tem±sabbhantare sabbeva ±raññak± hontu piº¹ap±tikadhutaªg±di-avasesadhutaªgadhar±v±, atha v± sabbeva kh²º±sav± hont³”ti evam±di. N±n±verajjak± hi bhikkh³ sannipatanti.Tattha keci dubbal± appath±m± evar³pa½ vatta½ anup±letu½ na sakkonti, tasm± evar³pampivatta½ na k±tabba½. “Ima½ tem±sa½ sabbeheva na uddisitabba½, na paripucchitabba½, napabb±jetabba½, m³gabbata½ gaºhitabba½, bahis²maµµhassapi saªghal±bho d±tabbo”ti evam±dikampina kattabbameva.

Tividhamp²ti pariyattipaµipattipaµivedhavasena tividhampi. Sodhetv±pabb±jeth±ti bhabbe ±c±rakulaputte upaparikkhitv± pabb±jetha. Bhasse matta½ j±nitv±tivacane pam±ºa½ ñatv±. Dasakath±vatthu n±ma appicch±kath± santuµµhikath± pavivekakath±asa½saggakath± v²riy±rambhakath± s²lakath± sam±dhikath± paññ±kath± vimuttikath±vimuttiñ±ºadassanakath±ti.

Viggahasa½vattanika½ vacana½ vigg±hika½. Catur±rakkha½ ah±pent±ti buddh±nussatimett± asubha½ maraº±nussat²ti ima½ catur±rakkha½ ah±pent±. Dantakaµµhakh±danavatta½±cikkhitabbanti ettha ida½ dantakaµµhakh±danavatta½– yo devasika½ saªghamajjhe osarati,tena s±maºer±d²hi ±haritv± bhikkh³na½ yath±sukha½ bhuñjanatth±ya dantakaµµham±¼ake nikkhittesudantakaµµhesu divase divase ekameva dantakaµµha½ gahetabba½. Yo pana devasika½ na osarati,padh±naghare vasitv± dhammassavane v± uposathagge v± dissati, tena pam±ºa½ sallakkhetv±catt±ri pañca dantakaµµh±ni attano vasanaµµh±ne µhapetv± kh±ditabb±ni. Tesu kh²ºesusace punapi dantakaµµham±¼ake bah³ni hontiyeva, punapi ±haritv± kh±ditabb±ni.Yadi pana pam±ºa½ asallakkhetv± ±harati, tesu akh²ºesuyeva m±¼ake kh²yati, tatokeci ther± “yehi gahit±ni, te paµiharant³”ti vadeyyu½, keci “kh±dantu, punas±maºer± ±harissant²”ti, tasm± viv±daparih±rattha½ pam±ºa½ sallakkhetabba½, gahaºepana doso natthi. Magga½ gacchantenapi eka½ v± dve v± thavik±ya pakkhipitv± gantabbanti.Bhikkh±c±ravatta½ piº¹ap±tikavatte ±vibhavissati.

Antog±me…pe… na kathetabb±ti ettha cat³su paccayesu c²vare ca piº¹ap±teca viññattipi na vaµµati nimittobh±saparikath±pi. Sen±sane viññattimeva na vaµµati,ses±ni t²ºi vaµµanti. Gil±napaccaye sabbampi vaµµati. Eva½ santepi±j²va½ sodhentehi bhikkh³hi suµµhu rakkhitabb±ti. Imin± ±j²vap±risuddhis²la½ dassita½.Rakkhitindriyehi bhavitabbanti indriyasa½varas²la½. Khandhakavattañca sekhiyavattañcap³retabbanti p±timokkhasa½varas²la½. Paccayasannissitas²la½ pana t²hipi s±matthiyatodassita½. Iti catup±risuddhis²lapaµisa½yutt± evar³p± niyy±nikakath± bahuk±pivattabb±ti adhipp±yo.

Imasmi½ vass³pan±yikavisaye tesu tesu nagaresu tasmi½ tasmi½ r±jak±le apariyant±viv±dakath± hoti. Katha½? Vass³pan±yikakkhandhake (mah±va. 186) “tena kho panasamayena r±j± m±gadho seniyo bimbis±ro vassa½ ukka¹¹hituk±mo bhikkh³na½santike d³ta½ p±hesi ‘yadi pan±yy± ±game juºhe vassa½ upagaccheyyun’ti. Bhagavatoetamattha½ ±rocesu½, ‘anuj±n±mi, bhikkhave, r±j³na½ anuvattitu”n’ti vacana½niss±ya bhagavat± adhim±sa½ paññattanti maññam±n± vedasamayena sa½sanditv± gayham±n±anekavihita½ viv±da½ karonti. Vedasamaye kira dve adhim±s±ni y±c±dhim±sañca patt±dhim±sañca.Tattha kaliyugagaºane ek³nav²satigaºanena bh±jite dvepañcaµµhadasaterasaso¼asaµµh±rasavasena sattadh±seso hoti, tesa½ vasena camm±dhim±sa pañc±dhim±sa pasv±dhim±sa das±dhim±sa teras±dhim±saso¼as±dhim±sa aµµh±ras±dhim±s±ti voharanti. Aµµh±ras±dhim±sa½ pana avas±n±dhim±santipivoharanti. Tesu pasuso¼as±ni apatteyeva adhim±sapatanakaliyuge sa½vaccharam±s±divisamabhayenay±citv± m±sassa ±ka¹¹hitabbato y±c±dhim±santi voharanti, ses±ni pana pañcamatteyevaadhim±sapatanakaliyuge m±sassa ±ka¹¹hitabbato patt±dhim±santi. Tatreta½ y±c±dhim±salakkhaºa½–tathato aj±nant± p±¼iy± sa½sanditv± bimbis±raraññ± bhagavato y±cit±dhim±satt±y±c±dhim±sa½ n±ma bhavati, tasm± dv²su eva y±c±dhim±sesu divasena saha m±so ±ka¹¹hitabbo,na itares³ti vadanti, aññe pana pañcasu patt±dhim±sesu eva saha divasena m±so ±ka¹¹hitabbo,na y±c±dhim±ses³ti.

Apare pana– “dvem±, bhikkhave, vass³pan±yik± purimik± pacchimik±ti, aparajjugat±ya±s±¼hiy± purimik± upagantabb±, m±sagat±ya ±s±¼hiy± pacchimik± upagantabb±”titasmi½yeva vass³pan±yikakkhandhake (mah±va. 184) ±gat±ya p±¼iy± attha½ ayonisogahetv± tithinakkhattayoge eva vass³pagamana½ bhagavat± anuññ±ta½, tasm± ±s±¼hipuººam±yaanantarabh³to p±µipadadivaso puºº±tithiy± ca yutto hotu, pubb±s±¼ha-uttar±s±¼hasaªkh±tesudv²su nakkhattesu ekekena yutto ca, eva½bh³to k±lo yadi vin± divasena m±saka¹¹hanesampajjati, tath± ca sati m±samatt±ka¹¹hanameva k±tabba½, yadi na sampajjati, saha divasenam±s±ka¹¹hana½, aya½ piµakena ca vedena ca anulomo vinicchayoti vadanti.