Ath±ti anantaratthe nip±to. Catuddasanna½ p³raºo c±tuddaso, divaso. Ya½ sandh±ya“±game k±¼e pav±reyy±m±”ti ñatti½ µhapayi½su. Pacchimakattikapuººam± v±tikomudic±tum±sinipuººamadivaso v±. Ya½ sandh±ya “±game juºhe pav±reyy±m±”tiñatti½ µhapayi½su. Tasmi½ pana ±game juºhe komudiy± c±tum±siniy± avassa½ pav±retabba½.Na hi ta½ atikkamitv± pav±retu½ labbhati. Vuttañheta½ “te ce, bhikkhave, bhikkh³bhaº¹anak±rak± kalahak±rak± viv±dak±rak± bhassak±rak± saªghe adhikaraºak±rak±tampi juºha½ anuvaseyyu½. Tehi, bhikkhave, bhikkh³hi sabbeheva ±game juºhekomudiy± c±tum±siniy± ak±m± pav±retabban”ti (mah±va. 240). Tenev±ha “pacchimavassa½vutth±nañcapacchimakattikapuººam± eva v±”ti. Yadi hi ta½ atikkamitv± pav±reyya, dukkaµ±patti½±pajjeyyu½. Vuttañheta½ “na ca, bhikkhave, apav±raº±ya pav±retabba½ aññatra saªghas±maggiy±”ti (mah±va. 233). Visuddhipav±raº±yogato pav±raº±divas±. Pi-saddena na kevala½pav±raº±divas±va atha kho tadaññe uposathadivas±pi hont²ti dasseti. Idamp²tipav±raºattayampi. Tath±r³papaccayeti bahutar±v±sik±dipaccaye. Dvinna½ kattikapuººam±nantipubbakattikapacchimakattikasaªkh±t±na½ dvinna½ assayujakomudipuººam±na½.
Id±ni yo so s±maggi-uposathadivaso vutto, tañca tappasaªgena s±maggipav±raº±divasañca dassento“yad± pan±”ti-±dim±ha. Tattha os±rite tasmi½ bhikkhusminti ukkhittake bhikkhusmi½os±rite, ta½ gahetv± s²ma½ gantv± ±patti½ des±petv± kammav±c±ya kammapaµippassaddhivasenapavesiteti vutta½ hoti. Tassa vatthuss±ti tassa adhikaraºassa. Tad± µhapetv±cuddasapannarase añño yo koci divaso uposathadivaso n±ma hot²ti sambandho. Kasm±ti±ha “t±vadeva uposatho k±tabbo. ‘P±timokkha½ uddisitabban’ti vacanato”ti.Tattha t±vadev±ti ta½ divasameva. Vacanatoti kosambakakkhandhake (mah±va. 475)vuttatt±. Yatra pana pattac²var±d²na½ atth±ya appamattakena k±raºena vivadant± uposatha½v± pav±raºa½ v± µhapenti, tattha tasmi½ adhikaraºe vinicchite “samagg± j±tamh±”tiantar± s±maggi-uposatha½ k±tu½ na labhanti, karontehi anuposathe uposatho katon±ma hoti.
Kattikam±sabbhantareti ettha kattikam±so n±ma pubbakattikam±sassa k±¼apakkhap±µipadatopaµµh±ya y±va aparakattikapuººam±, t±va ek³nati½sarattidiv±, tassa abbhantare. Tatopure v± pana pacch± v± vaµµati. Ayamev±ti yo koci divasoyeva. Idh±pi kosambakakkhandhakes±maggiy± sadis±va s±magg² veditabb±. Ye pana kismiñcideva appamattake av±raºa½ µhapetv± samagg± honti, tehi pav±raº±yameva pav±raº± k±tabb±, t±vadevana k±tabb±, karontehi apav±raº±ya pav±raº± kat± n±ma hoti, “na k±tabb±yev±”tiniyamena yadi karoti, dukkaµanti dasseti. Tattha hi uposathakaraºe dukkaµa½.Vuttañheta½ “na, bhikkhave, anuposathe uposatho k±tabbo aññatra saªghas±maggiy±”ti(mah±va. 183).
169. Saªghe uposatho n±ma ekas²m±ya½ sannipatitena catuvagg±disaªghena kattabbouposatho, so ca p±timokkhuddesoyeva. Gaºe uposatho n±ma ekas²m±ya½ sannipatitehidv²hi, t²hi v± bhikkh³hi kattabbo uposatho, so ca p±risuddhi-uposathoyeva. Puggaleuposatho n±ma ekas²m±ya½ nisinnena ekena bhikkhun± kattabbo uposatho, soca adhiµµh±nuposathoyeva. Ten±ha “k±rakavasena aparepi tayo uposath±”ti.Kattabb±k±ravasena vuttesu t²su uposathesu suttuddeso n±ma p±timokkhuddeso.So duvidho ov±dap±timokkhuddeso ca ±º±p±timokkhuddeso ca. Tatra ov±dova p±timokkha½,tassa uddeso sar³pena kathana½ ov±dap±timokkhuddeso. “Imasmi½ v²tikkame aya½n±ma ±patt²”ti eva½ ±pattivasena ±º±pana½ paññ±pana½ ±º±. Sesa½ anantarasadisameva.
Tattha ov±dap±timokkhuddeso n±ma–
“Khanti parama½ tapo titikkh±;
nibb±na½ parama½ vadanti buddh±;
na hi pabbajito par³pagh±t²;
na samaºo hoti para½ viheµhayanto.
“Sabbap±passa akaraºa½, kusalassa upasampad±;
sacittapariyodapana½, eta½ buddh±na s±sana½.
“Anupav±do anupagh±to, p±timokkhe ca sa½varo;
mattaññut± ca bhattasmi½, pantañca sayan±sana½;
adhicitte ca ±yogo, eta½ buddh±na s±sanan”ti. (D². ni. 2.90; dha. pa. 183-185)–

Im± tisso g±th±.

Tattha khanti parama½ tapoti adhiv±sanakhanti n±ma parama½ tapo. Titikkh±ti khantiy±eva vevacana½, titikkh±saªkh±t± adhiv±sanakhanti uttama½ tapoti attho. Nibb±na½parama½ vadant²ti sabb±k±rena pana nibb±na½ paramanti vadanti buddh±. Na hi pabbajitopar³pagh±t²ti yo adhiv±sanakhantivirahitatt± para½ upagh±teti b±dhati vihi½sati, so pabbajiton±ma na hoti Catutthap±do pana tasseva vevacana½. “Na hi pabbajito”ti etassahi na samaºo hot²ti vevacana½. “Par³pagh±t²”ti etassa para½ viheµhayantoti vevacana½.Atha v± par³pagh±t²ti s²l³pagh±t². S²lañhi uttamaµµhena paranti vuccati. Yo ca samaºopara½ ya½ kañci satta½ viheµhayanto par³pagh±t² hoti attano s²lavin±sako, so pabbajiton±ma na hot²ti attho. Atha v± yo adhiv±sanakhantiy± abh±v± par³pagh±t² hoti, para½antamaso ¹a½samakasampi sañcicca j²vit± voropeti, so na hi pabbajito. Ki½k±raº±? Malassa apabbajitatt±. “Pabb±jayamattano mala½, tasm± ‘pabbajito’ti vuccat²”ti(dha. pa. 388) idañhi pabbajitalakkhaºa½. Yopi na heva kho upagh±teti na m±reti, apicadaº¹±d²hi viheµheti, sopi para½ viheµhayanto na samaºo hoti. Ki½k±raº±?Vihes±ya asamitatt±. “Samitatt± hi p±p±na½, samaºoti pavuccat²”ti (dha. pa. 265)idañhi samaºalakkhaºa½.
Dutiyag±th±ya sabbap±pass±ti sabb±kusalassa. Akaraºanti anupp±dana½.Kusalass±ti catubh³makakusalassa. Upasampad±ti upasamp±dana½ paµil±bho. Sacittapariyodapanantiattano cittassa vod±pana½ pabhassarabh±vakaraºa½ sabbaso parisodhana½, ta½ pana arahattena hoti,iti s²lasa½varena sabbap±pa½ pah±ya lokiyalokuttar±hi samathavipassan±hi kusala½ samp±detv±arahattaphalena citta½ pariyodapetabbanti eta½ buddh±na s±sana½ ov±do anusiµµhi.
Tatiyag±th±ya anupav±doti v±c±ya kassaci anupavadana½. Anupagh±toti k±yenakassaci upagh±t±karaºa½. P±timokkheti ya½ ta½ p±timokkha½ pa-atimokkha½ atipamokkha½uttamas²la½. P±ti v± agativisesehi mokkheti duggatibhayehi, yo v± na½ p±ti,ta½ mokkhet²ti p±timokkhanti vuccati, tasmi½ p±timokkhe ca. Sa½varoti sattanna½±pattikkhandh±na½ av²tikkamalakkhaºo sa½varo. Mattaññut±ti paµiggahaºaparibhogavasenapam±ºaññut±. Pantañca sayan±sananti janasaªghaµµanavirahita½ nijjanasamb±dha½ vivitta½sen±sanañca. Ettha ca dv²hiyeva paccayehi catupaccayasantoso d²pitoti veditabbo paccayasantosas±maññenaitaradvayassapi lakkhaºah±ranayena jotitatt±. Adhicitte ca ±yogoti vipassan±p±daka½aµµhasam±patticitta½ adhicitta½, tatopi maggaphalacittameva adhicitta½, tasmi½ yath±vutteadhicitte ±yogo ca anuyogo c±ti attho. Eta½ buddh±na s±sananti eta½ parassa anupavadana½,anupagh±tana½ p±timokkhasa½varo, paµiggahaºaparibhogesu mattaññut± aµµhasam±pattivasibh±v±ya vivittasen±sanasevanañca buddh±na½ s±sana½ ov±do anusiµµh²ti.Im± pana tisso g±th±yo sabbabuddh±na½ p±timokkhuddesag±th± hont²ti veditabb±,ta½ buddh± eva uddisanti, na s±vak±. “Suº±tu me bhante saªgho”ti-±din± (mah±va.134) nayena vutta½ ±º±p±timokkha½ n±ma, ta½ s±vak± eva uddisanti, na buddh±.Idameva ca imasmi½ atthe p±timokkhanti adhippeta½.
Anupagato n±ma tattheva upasampanno, asatiy± purimik±ya anupagato v±. C±tum±siniyanticatum±siya½. S± hi catunna½ m±s±na½ p±rip³ribh³t±ti c±tum±s², s± eva “c±tum±sin²”tivuccati, tassa½ c±tum±siniya½, pacchimakattikapuººam±siyanti attho. K±yas±maggintik±yena samaggabh±va½, hatthap±s³pagamananti vutta½ hoti.
Aya½ panettha vinicchayo– sace purimik±ya pañca bhikkh³ vassa½ upagat± pacchimik±yapipañca, purimehi ñatti½ µhapetv± pav±rite pacchimehi tesa½ santike p±risuddhi-uposathok±tabbo, na ekasmi½ uposathagge dve ñattiyo µhapetabb±. Sace pacchimik±ya upagat±catt±ro tayo dve eko v± hoti, eseva nayo. Atha purimik±ya catt±ro, pacchimik±yapicatt±ro tayo dve eko v±, eseva nayo. Atha purimik±ya tayo, pacchimik±ya tayodve eko v±, eseva nayo. Idañhettha lakkhaºa½– sace purimik±ya upagatehi pacchimik±yaupagat± thokatar± ceva honti samasam± ca, saªghapav±raº±ya ca gaºa½ p³renti, saªghapav±raº±vasenañatti µhapetabb±. Sace pana pacchimik±ya eko hoti, tena saddhi½ tecatt±ro honti, catunna½ saªghañatti½ µhapetv± pav±retu½ na vaµµati. Gaºañattiy± panaso gaºap³rako hoti, tasm± gaºavasena ñatti½ µhapetv± purimehi pav±retabba½. Itarenatesa½ santike p±risuddhi-uposatho k±tabbo. Sace purimik±ya dve, pacchimik±yadve v± eko v±, etth±pi eseva nayo. Sace purimik±yapi eko, pacchimik±yapieko, ekena ekassa santike pav±retabba½, ekena p±risuddhi-uposatho k±tabbo.Sace purimehi vass³pagatehi pacch± vass³pagat± ekenapi adhikatar± honti, paµhama½ p±timokkha½uddisitv± pacch± thokatarehi tesa½ santike pav±retabba½. Kattikac±tum±sinipav±raº±yapana sace paµhamavass³pagatehi mah±pav±raº±ya pav±ritehi pacch± upagat± adhikatar±v± samasam± v± honti, pav±raº±ñatti½ µhapetv± pav±retabba½, tehi pav±rite pacch±itarehi p±risuddhi-uposatho k±tabbo. Atha mah±pav±raº±ya pav±rit± bah³ honti,pacch± vass³pagat± thok± v± eko v±, p±timokkhe uddiµµhe pacch± tesa½ santike tenapav±retabbanti.
Ýhapetv± pana pav±raº±divasa½ aññasmi½ k±leti aññasmi½ uposathadivase. Uddiµµhamattep±timokkheti “pariyositamatte uddissam±ne”ti apariyosite ±gate sati avasesassap±timokkhassa sotabbatt± p±risuddhi-uposatha½ k±tu½ na vaµµati. Avuµµhit±y±ti-±d²nipip±timokkhassa niµµhitak±lameva paris±ya visesetv± vadati. Samasam± v±ti purimehisamaparim±º±. Thokatar± v±ti purimehi thokataraparim±º±. Etena bahutaresu±gatesu puna p±timokkha½ uddisitabba½, na p±risuddhi-uposatho k±tabboti dasseti.
Eka½sa½ uttar±saªga½ karitv±ti ekasmi½ a½se s±dhuka½ uttar±saªga½karitv±ti attho. Suttanip±taµµhakath±ya½ (su. ni. aµµha. 2.345) pana “eka½sa½ c²vara½katv±ti ettha pana puna saºµh±panena eva½ vutta½. Eka½santi ca v±ma½sa½ p±rupitv±µhitasseta½ adhivacana½. Yato yath± v±ma½sa½ p±rupitv± µhita½ hoti, tath± c²vara½ katv±tievamassa attho veditabbo”ti vutta½. Añjali½ paggahetv±ti dasanakhasamodh±nasamujjala½añjali½ ukkhipitv±. Sace pana tattha p±riv±sikopi atthi, saªghanavakaµµh±ne nis²ditv±tattheva nisinnena attano p±¼iy± p±risuddhi-uposatho k±tabbo. P±timokkhe pana uddisiyam±nep±¼iy± anis²ditv± p±¼i½ vih±ya hatthap±sa½ amuñcantena nis²ditabba½. Pav±raº±yapieseva nayo.