25. Uposathapav±raº±vinicchayakath±

168. Eva½ s²m±vinicchaya½ kathetv± id±ni uposathapav±raº±vinicchaya½kathetu½ “uposathapav±raº±ti ettha”ty±dim±ha. Tattha uposathasaddo t±va–
“Uddese p±timokkhassa, paººattiyamuposatho;
upav±se ca aµµhaªge, uposathadine siy±”ti.–

Vacanato p±timokkhuddese paººattiya½ upav±se aµµhaªgas²le uposathadine ca vattati.Tath± hesa “±y±m±vuso kappina uposatha½ gamiss±m±”ti-±d²su (d². ni. aµµha.1.150; ma. ni. aµµha. 3.85) p±timokkhuddese ±gato, “uposatho n±ma n±gar±j±”ti-±d²su(d². ni. 2.246) paººattiya½, “suddhassa ve sad± pheggu, suddhassa uposatho sad±”ti-±d²su(ma. ni. 1.79) upav±se, “eva½ aµµhaªgasamann±gato kho, vis±khe, uposatho upavuttho”ti-±d²su(a. ni. 8.43) aµµhaªgas²le. “Na, bhikkhave, uposathe sabhikkhuk±-±v±s± abhikkhuko±v±so”ti-±d²su (p±ci. 1048) uposathadine vattati. “P±risuddhi-uposatho adhiµµh±nuposatho”ti-±d²sup±risuddhi-adhiµµh±nesupi vattati. Te pana p±timokkhuddese antogadh±ti katv± visu½na vutt±. Idha pana p±timokkhuddese uposathadine ca vattati. Tattha p±timokkhuddese upavasana½uposatho, s²lena upet± hutv± vasanantyattho. Uposathadine upavasanti etth±ti uposatho,etasmi½ divase s²lena upet± hutv± vasant²tyattho.

Pav±raº±-saddo pana “pav±raº± paµikkhepe, kathit±jjhesan±ya c±”ti abhidh±nappad²pik±ya½vacanato paµikkhepe ajjhesane ca vattati. Tattha “yo pana bhikkhu bhutt±v² pav±ritoanatiritta½ kh±dan²ya½ v± bhojan²ya½ v± kh±deyya v± bhuñjeyya v±,p±cittiyan”ti-±d²su (p±ci. 238) paµikkhepe, “saªgho pav±reyy±”ti-±d²su (mah±va.210) ajjhesane, “ajjapav±raº± c±tuddas²”ti-±d²su (mah±va. aµµha. 212) pav±raº±divase.So pana ajjhesanadivasoyev±ti visu½ na vutto. Idha pana ajjhesane vattati, tasm±pav±r²yate pav±raº±, pak±rena icch²yatetyattho. Pa-pubba varadh±tu cur±digaºik±ya½.
Ettha ca kiñc±pi p±¼iya½ uposathakkhandhak±nantara½ vass³pan±yikakkhandhako, tadanantara½ pav±raºakkhandhakosaªg²to, tath±pi uposathapav±raºakamm±na½ yebhuyyena sam±natt± yamakamiva bh³tatt± missetv±kathento suviññeyyo hoti sallahukagantho c±ti mantv± khandhakadvayasaªgahita½ attha½ ekenevaparicchedena dasseti ±cariyo. Tattha c±tuddasiko pannarasiko s±magg²-uposathoti divasavasenatayo uposath± hont²ti sambandho. Catuddasiya½ niyutto c±tuddasiko, eva½ pannarasiko.S±magg²-uposatho n±ma saªghas±maggikadivase k±tabba-uposatho. Hemantagimhavass±na½tiººa½ ut³nanti ettha hemanta-utu n±ma aparakattikak±¼apakkhassa p±µipadato paµµh±yaphaggunapuººamapariyos±n± catt±ro m±s±. Gimha-utu n±ma phaggunassa k±¼apakkhap±µipadatopaµµh±ya ±s±¼hipuººamapariyos±n± catt±ro m±s±. Vass±na-utu n±ma ±s±¼hassak±¼apakkhap±µipadato paµµh±ya aparakattikapuººamapariyos±n± catt±ro m±s±. Tatiyasattamapakkhesudve dve katv± cha c±tuddasik±ti hemantassa utuno tatiye ca sattame ca pakkhe dve c±tuddasik±,migasiram±sassa k±¼apakkhe, m±gham±sassa k±¼apakkhe c±ti attho. Eva½ gimhassa utunotatiye cittam±sassa k±¼apakkhe sattame jeµµham±sassa k±¼apakkhe ca, vass±nassautuno tatiye s±vaºassa k±¼apakkhe ca sattame assayujam±sassa k±¼apakkhe c±ti attho.Ses± pannarasik±ti ses± aµµh±rasa pannarasik±.
Hoti cettha–
“Kattikassa ca k±¼amh±;
y±va phaggunapuººam±;
hemantak±loti viññeyyo;
aµµha honti uposath±.
“Phaggunassa ca k±¼amh±;
y±va ±s±¼hipuººam±;
gimhak±loti viññeyyo;
aµµha honti uposath±.
“¾s±¼hassa ca k±¼amh±;
y±va kattikapuººam±;
vassak±loti viññeyyo;
aµµha honti uposath±.
“Ut³na½ pana tiººanna½, pakkhe tatiyasattame;
catuddasoti p±timokkha½, uddisanti nayaññuno”ti. (Kaªkh±. abhi. µ². nid±navaººan±).
Eva½ ekasa½vacchare catuv²sati uposath±ti eva½ imin± vuttanayena hemant±d²na½ tiººa½ut³na½ ekekasmi½ utumhi pacceka½ aµµha-aµµha-uposathatt± ututtayasamodh±nabh³te ekasmi½sa½vacchare catuv²sati uposath± hont²ti attho. Ida½ t±va pakatic±rittanti ida½ekasmi½ sa½vacchare chac±tuddasika-aµµh±rasapannarasika-uposathakaraºa½ t±va paµhama½ pakatiy± sabh±venac±ritta½ k±tabba½ kamma½ hoti, na bahutar±v±sik±din± k±raºena k±tabbanti attho.
Tath±r³papaccaye sati aññasmimpi c±tuddase uposatha½ k±tu½ vaµµat²ti“saki½ pakkhassa c±tuddase v± pannarase v± p±timokkha½ uddisitun”ti (mah±va. 136)vacanato “yo pana ±gantukehi ±v±sik±na½ anuvattitabban”ti-±divacanato (mah±va.178) ca tath±r³papaccaye sati aññasmimpi c±tuddase uposatha½ k±tu½ vaµµat²ti attho.Tattha sakinti ekav±ra½. ¾v±sik±na½ anuvattitabbanti ±v±sikehi“ajjuposatho c±tuddaso”ti pubbakicce kariyam±ne anuvattitabba½, na paµikkositabba½.¾di-saddena “±v±sikehi ±gantuk±na½ anuvattitabban”ti vacana½, “anuj±n±mi,bhikkhave, tehi bhikkh³hi dve tayo uposathe c±tuddasike k±tu½, katha½ maya½ tehi bhikkh³hipaµhamatara½ pav±reyy±m±”ti (mah±va. 240) vacanañca saªgaºh±ti. Ettha ca paµhamasuttassa ekekassautuno tatiyasattamapakkhassa c±tuddase v± avasesassa pannarase v± saki½ p±timokkha½ uddisitabbanti.Pakatic±rittavasenapi atthasambhavato “±gantukeh²”ti-±d²ni sutt±ni dassit±n²tiveditabba½. Tath±r³papaccaye sat²ti aññasmimpi c±tuddase uposatha½ k±tu½ anur³pe±v±sik± bahutar± hont²ti evam±dike paccaye sati. Aññasmimpi c±tuddasetitiººa½ ut³na½ tatiyasattamapakkhac±tuddasato aññasmi½ c±tuddase.
Tatr±ya½ p±¼i (mah±va. 178)–
“Idha pana, bhikkhave, ±v±sik±na½ bhikkh³na½ c±tuddaso hoti, ±gantuk±na½pannaraso. Sace ±v±sik± bahutar± honti, ±gantukehi ±v±sik±na½ anuvattitabba½.Sace samasam± honti, ±gantukehi ±v±sik±na½ anuvattitabba½. Sace ±gantuk± bahutar± honti, ±v±sikehi ±gantuk±na½ anuvattitabba½.
“Idha pana, bhikkhave, ±v±sik±na½ bhikkh³na½ pannaraso hoti, ±gantuk±na½ c±tuddaso.Sace ±v±sik± bahutar± honti, ±gantukehi ±v±sik±na½ anuvattitabba½. Sacesamasam± honti, ±gantukehi ±v±sik±na½ anuvattitabba½. Sace ±gantuk± bahutar±honti, ±v±sikehi ±gantuk±na½ anuvattitabba½.
“Idha pana, bhikkhave, ±v±sik±na½ bhikkh³na½ p±µipado hoti, ±gantuk±na½ pannaraso.Sace ±v±sik± bahutar± honti, ±v±sikehi ±gantuk±na½ n±k±m± d±tabb±s±magg², ±gantukehi niss²ma½ gantv± uposatho k±tabbo. Sace samasam± honti,±v±sikehi ±gantuk±na½ n±k±m± d±tabb± s±magg², ±gantukehi niss²ma½ gantv±uposatho k±tabbo. Sace ±gantuk± bahutar± honti, ±v±sikehi ±gantuk±na½s±magg² v± d±tabb±, niss²ma½ v± gantabba½.
“Idha pana, bhikkhave, ±v±sik±na½ bhikkh³na½ pannaraso hoti, ±gantuk±na½ p±µipado.Sace ±v±sik± bahutar± honti, ±gantukehi ±v±sik±na½ s±magg² v± d±tabb±,niss²ma½ v± gantabba½. Sace samasam± honti, ±gantukehi ±v±sik±na½ s±magg²v± d±tabb±, niss²ma½ v± gantabba½. Sace ±gantuk± bahutar± honti, ±gantukehi±v±sik±na½ n±k±m± d±tabb± s±magg², ±v±sikehi niss²ma½ gantv± uposathok±tabbo”ti.
Tatr±ya½ aµµhakath± (mah±va. aµµha. 178)–
¾v±sik±na½ bhikkh³na½ c±tuddaso hoti, ±gantuk±na½ pannarasoti ettha yesa½pannaraso, te tiroraµµhato v± ±gat±, at²ta½ v± uposatha½ c±tuddasika½ aka½s³tiveditabb±. ¾v±sik±na½ anuvattitabbanti ±v±sikehi “ajjuposatho c±tuddaso”tipubbakicce kariyam±ne anuvattitabba½, na paµikkositabba½. N±k±m± d±tabb±tina anicch±ya d±tabb±ti.
“Anuj±n±mi bhikkhave”ti-±dimhi aya½ pav±raºakkhandhak±gat± p±¼i (mah±va. 240)–idha pana, bhikkhave, sambahul± sandiµµh± sambhatt± bhikkh³ aññatarasmi½ ±v±se vassa½ upagacchanti,tesa½ s±mant± aññe bhikkh³ bhaº¹anak±rak± kalahak±rak± viv±dak±rak± bhassak±rak±saªghe adhikaraºak±rak± vassa½ upagacchanti “maya½ tesa½ bhikkh³na½ vassa½vutth±na½pav±raº±ya pav±raºa½ µhapess±m±”ti. Anuj±n±mi, bhikkhave, tehi bhikkh³hi dve tayouposathe c±tuddasike k±tu½, katha½ maya½ tehi bhikkh³hi paµhamatara½ pav±reyy±m±ti.
Tatr±ya½ aµµhakath± (mah±va. aµµha. 240)– dve tayo uposathe c±tuddasike k±tunti etthacatutthapañcam± dve, tatiyo pana pakatiy±pi c±tuddasikoyev±ti, tasm± tatiyacatutth± v±tatiyacatutthapañcam± v± dve tayo c±tuddasik± k±tabb±. Atha catutthe kate suºanti,pañcamo c±tuddasiko k±tabbo, evampi dve c±tuddasik± honti. Eva½ karont±bhaº¹anak±rak±na½ terase v± c±tuddase v± ime pannaras²pav±raºa½ pav±ressant²ti.
Tattha aya½ s±ratthad²pan²p±µho (s±rattha. µ². mah±vagga 3.240)– catutthekate suºant²ti catutthe pannarasikuposathe kate amh±ka½ pav±raºa½ µhapessant²tisuºanti. Evampi dve c±tuddasik± hont²ti tatiyena saddhi½ dve c±tuddasik±hont²ti.
Tatr±ya½ vimativinodan²p±µho (vi. vi. µ². mah±vagga 2.240)– dve c±tuddasik±hont²ti tatiyapakkhe c±tuddasiy± saddhi½ dve c±tuddasik± honti. Bhaº¹anak±rak±na½terase v± c±tuddase v± ime pannaras²pav±raºa½ pav±ressant²ti imin± yath±saka½uposathakaraºadivasato paµµh±ya bhikkh³na½ c±tuddas²pannaras²voh±ro, na candagatisiddhiy±tithiy± vasen±ti dasseti. Kiñc±pi eva½ “anuj±n±mi, bhikkhave, r±j³na½ anuvattitun”ti(mah±va. 186) vacanato panettha lokiy±na½ tithi½ anuvattantehipi attano uposathakkamena c±tuddasi½ pannarasi½ v± pannarasi½ c±tuddasi½ v± karonteheva anuvattitabba½, na pana so¼asamadivasa½v± terasamadivasa½ v± uposathadivasa½ karontehi. Teneva p±¼iyampi (mah±va. 240)“dve tayo uposathe c±tuddasike k±tun”ti vutta½. Aññath± “dv±dasiya½, terasiya½v± uposatho k±tabbo”ti vattabbato. “Saki½ pakkhassa c±tuddase v± pannarase v±”ti-±divacanampi(mah±va. 136) upavuttakkameneva vutta½, na tithikkamen±ti gahetabbanti.
Na kevala½ uposathadivas±yeva tayo honti, atha kho pav±raº±divas±p²ti ±ha “purimavassa½vutth±na½pan±”ti-±di. M±iti cando vuccati tassa gatiy± divasassa minitabbato, soettha sabbakal±pap±rip³riy± puººoti puººam±. Pubbakattik±ya puººam± pubbakattikapuººam±,assayujapuººam±. S± hi pacchimakattika½ nivattetu½ eva½ vutt±. Tesa½yev±ti purimavassa½vutth±na½yeva. Bhaº¹anak±rakeh²ti kalahak±rakehi.Paccukka¹¹hant²ti ukka¹¹hanti, bhaº¹anak±rake anuv±davasena assayujapuººam±di½ pariccajant±pav±raºa½ k±¼apakkha½ juºhapakkhanti uddha½ ka¹¹hant²ti attho, “suºantu me, ±yasmanto±v±sik±, yad±yasmant±na½ pattakalla½, id±ni uposatha½ kareyy±ma, p±timokkha½uddiseyy±ma, ±game k±¼e pav±reyy±m±”ti, “suºantu me, ±yasmanto ±v±sik±,yad±yasmant±na½ pattakalla½, id±ni uposatha½ kareyy±ma, p±timokkha½ uddiseyy±ma,±game juºhe pav±reyy±m±”ti (mah±va. 240) ca eva½ ñattiy± pav±raºa½ uddha½ka¹¹hant²ti vutta½ hoti.