S²m±ya asam³hat±ya sati katha½ vipattidvaya½ ±pajjeyy±ti, tath± sodhit±yapi g±mas²m±ya.Yadi por±ºabaddhas²m± vijjam±n± bhaveyya, tass± vijjam±nabh±va½ aj±nant± nava½ baddhas²ma½bandheyyu½. Por±ºas²m±ya hi nimitta½ anto katv± tassa sam²pe por±ºas²m±ya antoµhita½ añña½ nimitta½ katv± nava½ baddhas²ma½ bandheyyu½, s²m±ya s²ma½ sambhindantenasammat± n±ma hoti. Tena vutta½ kaªkh±vitaraºiya½ (kaªkh±. aµµha. nid±navaººan±) “s²m±yas²ma½ sambhindantena sammat± n±ma attano s²m±ya paresa½ s²ma½ sambhindantena sammat±.Sace hi por±ºakassa vih±rassa puratthim±ya dis±ya ambo ceva jamb³ c±ti dve rukkh±aññamañña½ sa½saµµhaviµap± honti, tesu ambassa pacchimadis±bh±ge jamb³. Vih±ras²m±ca jambu½ anto katv± amba½ kittetv± baddh± hoti, atha pacch± tassa vih±rassa puratthimadis±ya½vih±re kate s²ma½ bandhant± bhikkh³ amba½ anto katv± jambu½ kittetv± bandhanti,s²m±ya s²m± sambhinn± n±ma hot²”ti. Por±ºas²m±ya ca ekadesa½ v± sakalapor±ºas²ma½v± anto karitv± nava½ s²ma½ bandheyyu½, s²m±ya s²ma½ ajjhottharantena sammat± n±ma Vuttañheta½ kaªkh±vitaraºiya½ (kaªkh±. aµµha. nid±navaººan±) “s²m±yas²ma½ ajjhottharantena sammat± n±ma attano s²m±ya paresa½ s²ma½ ajjhottharantena sammat±.Sace hi paresa½ baddhas²ma½ sakala½ v± tass± padesa½ v± anto katv± attano s²ma½ sammannanti,s²m±ya s²ma½ ajjhottharit± n±ma hot²”ti.

Yasmi½ padese catt±ro bhikkh³ nis²ditv± kamma½ k±tu½ na sakkonti, tattha tatopaµµh±ya y±va kesaggamattampi aññesa½ por±ºabaddhas²mappadesa½ attano s²m±ya anto karontos²m±ya s²ma½ sambhindati n±ma. Catunna½ bhikkh³na½ nis²ditu½ pahonakaµµh±nato paµµh±yay±va sakalampi aññesa½ por±ºabaddhas²m±padesa½ attano s²m±ya anto karonto s²m±ya s²ma½ajjhottharati n±ma. Vuttañheta½ kaªkh±vitaraºiy± l²natthapak±saniya½ (kaªkh±. abhi. µ².nid±navaººan±) “tass± padesanti tass± ekadesa½, yattha µhatv± cat³hi bhikkh³hi kamma½k±tu½ sakk± hoti, t±disa½ ekadesanti vutta½ hoti. Yattha pana µhitehi kamma½k±tu½ na sakk±, t±disa½ padesa½ anto karitv± s²m±ya s²ma½ sambhindanti n±ma,na tu ajjhottharanti n±m±ti gahetabban”ti. Vimativinodaniyampi (vi. vi. µ². mah±vagga2.148) “yattha cat³hi bhikkh³hi nis²ditu½ na sakk±, tattakato paµµh±ya y±va kesaggamattampiattano s²m±ya karont± sambhindanti, catunnampi bhikkh³na½ pahonakato paµµh±ya y±vasakalampi anto karont± ajjhottharant²ti veditabban”ti vutta½.

Eva½ hotu, tasmi½ g±mas²maparicchede por±ºakas²m±ya vijjam±n±ya vipattidvayamocanattha½s²m±sam³hananakamma½ s±tthaka½, avijjam±n±ya katha½ s±tthaka½ bhaveyy±ti saªk±nivattanattha½s²m±sam³hananakamma½ akatv± abhinavas²m±ya bajjham±n±ya saªk± uppajjeyya,bhagavato dharam±nak±lato paµµh±ya y±vajjatan± gaºanapatha½ v²tikkant± bhikkh³ upasampad±dikammakaraºattha½tasmi½ tasmi½ padese s²ma½ bandhanti. S± s²m± ettha atthi, ettha natth²ti na sakk±j±nitu½, tasm± “amh±ka½ s²m±bandhanaµµh±ne por±ºakas²m± bhaveyya nu kho”ti saªk±bhaveyya, eva½ sati s± abhinavas²m± ca ±saªkan²y± hot²ti s²m±ya½ kata½ upasampad±dikammampi±saªkan²ya½ hoti, tasm± saªk±nivattanattha½ abhinavas²ma½ bandhituk±mehi yatipuªgavehiavassa½ s²m±sam³hananakamma½ k±tabba½ hoti. Sam³hanantehi pana “s²ma½, bhikkhave,sam³hanantena paµhama½ tic²varena avippav±so sam³hantabbo, pacch± s²m± sam³hantabb±”ti(mah±va. 144) vacanato paµhama½ avippav±sas²m± sam³hanitabb±, tato sam±nasa½v±sakas²m±sam³hanitabb±. Tasmi½ sam³hananak±le ca “khaº¹as²m±ya½ µhatv± avippav±sas²m± nasam³hantabb±, tath± avippav±sas²m±ya µhatv± khaº¹as²m±pi. Khaº¹as²m±ya pana µhitena khaº¹as²m±vasam³hanitabb±, tath± itar±ya µhitena itar±”ti aµµhakath±ya½ (mah±va. aµµha. 144) vacanato khaº¹as²m±ya½µhatv±va khaº¹as²m± sam³hanitabb±, mah±s²m±yameva µhatv± mah±s²m± sam³hanitabb±, aññiss±s²m±ya µhatv± aññ± s²m± na sam³hanitabb±. Aµµhakath±ya½ avippav±sas²m±ti mah±s²ma½vadati tattheva yebhuyyena c²varena vippavasanato.

“Tattha sace khaº¹as²mañca avippav±sas²mañca j±nanti, sam³hanituñceva bandhituñca sakkhissanti.Khaº¹as²ma½ pana j±nant± avippav±sa½ aj±nant±pi sam³hanituñceva bandhituñca sakkhissanti.Khaº¹as²ma½ pana aj±nant± avippav±sa½yeva j±nant± cetiyaªgaºabodhiyaªgaºa-uposath±g±r±d²sunir±saªkaµµh±nesu µhatv± appeva n±ma sam³hanitu½ sakkhissanti, paµibandhitu½pana na sakkhissanteva. Sace bandheyyu½, s²m±sambheda½ katv± vih±ra½ avih±ra½ kareyyu½,tasm± na sam³hanitabb±. Ye pana ubhopi na j±nanti, teneva sam³hanitu½ na bandhitu½ sakkhissanti.Ayañhi s²m± n±ma kammav±c±ya v± as²m± hoti s±sanantaradh±nena v±, na ca sakk±s²ma½ aj±nantehi kammav±c± k±tu½, tasm± na sam³hanitabb±, s±dhuka½ pana ñatv±yevasam³hanitabb± ca bandhitabb± c±”ti aµµhakath±ya½ (mah±va. aµµha. 144) vacanato “id±nis²ma½ sam³haniss±m±”ti paricchinn±ya g±mas²m±ya anto khaº¹as²mamah±s²m±na½ atthibh±va½v± natthibh±va½ v± t±sa½ s²m±na½ paricchedañca na j±nanti, eva½ aj±nant± bhikkh³ t± por±ºas²m±yosam³hanitu½ na sakkuºeyyu½, por±ºas²ma½ sam³hanitu½ asakkont± ca katha½ abhinavas²ma½bandhitu½ sakkuºissant²ti paramparehi ±cariyehi samm± vinicchita½ anulomanaya½niss±ya mahanta½ uss±ha½ karitv± aªga½ aparih±petv± samm± vihitanayena por±ºas²ma½sam³hanitu½ sakkhissanti.

Katha½? Tasmi½ s²m±sam³hananak±le yadi pakatig±mas²m±ya½ ±raddha½, ta½ pakatig±mapariccheda½,yadi visu½g±mas²m±ya½ ±raddha½, ta½ visu½g±mapariccheda½ aññesa½ bhikkh³na½ appavisanatth±yasamantato susa½vihit±rakkha½ k±r±petv± kammav±ca½ s±vetu½ samatthena byattibalasampannenavinayadharena saha sam±nasa½v±sake lajjipesale imassa kammassa catuvaggakaraº²yatt± catt±robhikkh³ kammappatte bhikkh³na½ pakatattabh±vassa dubbiññeyyatt± v± tato adhikappam±ºebhikkh³ gahetv± id±ni bandhitabb±ya s²m±ya nimitt±na½ vih±raparikkhepassa ca antoca sabbattha bahi ca samant± le¹¹up±tamatte padese sabbattha mañcappam±ºe mañcappam±ºe µh±nehatthap±sa½ avijahitv± tiµµhant±, nis²dant± v± hutv± paµhama½ avippav±sas²m±sam³hananakammav±ca½,tato sam±nasa½v±sakas²m±sam³hananakammav±ca½ s±vetv± s²m±ya samuggh±te kate por±ºas²m±suvijjam±n±supi pacchimantena ekav²satiy± bhikkh³na½ nis²dan±rahatt± s²m±ya mañcappam±ºemañcappam±ºe µh±ne tiµµhant± bhikkh³ avassa½ t±su s²m±su tiµµhant± bhaveyyu½, tasm±s²maµµh± hutv± s²m±sam³hananakammav±ca½ vatv± t± s²m± sam³haneyyu½. Tato por±ºabaddhas²m±na½sam³hatatt± g±mas²m±yeva avasiµµh± bhaveyy±ti. Vuttañheta½ vimativinodaniya½ (vi.vi. µ². mah±vagga 2.144) “keci pana ²disesu vih±resu chapañcamatte bhikkh³gahetv± vih±rakoµito paµµh±ya vih±raparikkhepassa anto ca bahi ca samant± le¹¹up±tesabbattha mañcappam±ºe mañcappam±ºe ok±se nirantara½ µhatv± paµhama½ avippav±sas²ma½ tato sam±nasa½v±sakas²mañca sam³hananavasena s²m±ya samuggh±te kate tasmi½ vih±re khaº¹as²m±yamah±s²m±ya ca vijjam±natte satipi avassa½ ekasmi½ mañcaµµh±ne t±sa½ majjhagat± te bhikkh³t± sam³haneyyu½, tato g±mas²m± eva avasisseyy±”ti.

“S±dhuka½ pana ñatv±yeva sam³hanitabb± ceva bandhitabb± c±”ti aµµhakath±ya½ (mah±va. aµµha.144) vacanato s²ma½ j±nant±yeva sam³hanitu½ sakkhissanti, katha½ aj±nant±ti. Imasmi½s²m±sam³hanan±dhik±re s²ma½ v± s²m±pariccheda½ v± j±nanabh±vo aªga½ na hoti, antos²m±ya½µhitabh±vo, “s²ma½ sam³haniss±m±”ti kammav±c±karaºanti idameva dvaya½ aªga½ hoti,tasm± imin± aªgadvayena sampanne sati ima½ aj±nant±pi sam³hanitu½ sakkont²ti. Imin±aªgadvayena sampanne sati s²ma½ aj±nant±na½ sam³hanitu½ samatthabh±vo katha½ viññ±tabboti?Aµµhakath±ya½ “khaº¹as²ma½ pana j±nant± avippav±sa½ aj±nant±pi sam³hanituñcevabandhituñca sakkhissant²”ti eva½ mah±s²m±ya pariccheda½ aj±nanaµµh±nepi sam³hananassa vuttatt±vimativinodaniyampi (vi. vi. µ². mah±vagga 2.144) “na hettha s²m±ya, tapparicchedassav± j±nana½ aªga½, s²m±ya pana antoµh±na½, ‘sam³haniss±m±’ti kammav±c±karaºañca aªga½.Aµµhakath±ya½ (mah±va. aµµha. 144) ‘khaº¹as²ma½ pana j±nant± avippav±sa½ aj±nant±pi sam³hanituñcevabandhituñca sakkhissant²’ti eva½ mah±s²m±ya paricchedassa aj±nanepi sam³hananassa vuttatt±”tivutta½. Tato por±ºabaddhas²m±na½ sam³hatatt± g±mas²m±yeva avasiµµh± bhaveyy±ti tasmi½avasiµµh±ya tato para½ ki½ k±tabbanti. G±mas²m±ya avasiµµh±ya sati ta½ g±mas²ma½ pubbevuttanayena sodhana½ rakkhaºañca katv± tissa½ g±mas²m±ya½ khaº¹as²ma½ mah±s²mañca yath±rucibandhitu½ labhati, s²ma½ abandhitv±va keval±ya g±mas²m±ya upasampad±disaªghakammañca k±tumpilabhati.

Vuttañhi vimativinodaniya½ (vi. vi. µ². mah±vagga 2.144)– “g±mas²m±ya eva ca avasiµµh±yatattha yath±ruci duvidhampi s²ma½ bandhituñceva upasampad±dikamma½ k±tuñca vaµµat²ti vadanti,ta½ yutta½ viya dissati, v²ma½sitv± gahetabban”ti. Tasm± yadi saµµhihatth±y±ma½ catt±l²sahatthavitth±ra½khaº¹as²mameva kattuk±m± honti, ettake padese mañcaµµh±na½ gaºhanto pam±ºayuttakomañcoti sabbapacchimappam±ºayutto mañco. So hi pakatividatthiy± navavidatthiko,aµµhavidatthiko v± hoti. Tato khuddako mañco s²supadh±na½ µhapetv± p±da½ pas±retv± nipajjitu½ nappahot²ti sabbapacchimamañcassa ±y±mappam±ºassa samantap±s±dik±ya½ vuttatt±tato adhik±y±mopi hotiyeva. Mañcassa vitth±ro pana ±y±massa upa¹¹ho hoti, tasm±mañcappam±ºaµµh±na½ ±y±mato pañcahattha½, vitth±rato pañcavidatthikanti gahetv± tena pam±ºena gaºhanto saµµhihatth±y±ma½ s²maµµh±na½ catuv²satimañcaka½ hoti, catt±l²sahatthavitth±ra½aµµhamañcaka½ hoti. Eva½ gaºhanto dakkhiºuttar±y±mo mañco hoti, saµµhihatth±y±ma½ s²maµµh±na½dv±dasamañcaka½ hoti, catt±l²sahatthavitth±ra½ so¼asamañcaka½ hoti. Eva½ gaºhanto p±c²napacchim±y±momañco hoti. Duvidhepi ±y±ma½ vitth±rena guºita½ karonto sakala½ antos²maµµh±na½dv±nahuttarasatamañcaka½ hoti, bahis²maµµh±nampi samantato ekamañcaka½ v± dvitimañcaka½v± gahetabba½. Tena saha gaºana½ va¹¹hetabba½. Vimativinodaniya½ (vi. vi. µ². mah±vagga2.144) pana “samant± le¹¹up±to”ti vutta½, ta½ pana mah±s²m±bandhanak±le vih±raparikkhepassabahi-upac±ra½ sandh±ya vutta½ siy±. Khaº¹as²m±yapi d³rato sam³hanane doso natthi, dukkaratt±pana k±rak±na½ pam±ºa½ j±nitabba½. Kaly±ºiya½ n±ma s²m±ya½ pana ±y±mato ca vitth±ratoca pañcahatthappam±ºa½ µh±na½ ekakoµµh±sa½ katv± sam³hanati. Tampi pacchimamañcappam±ºato adhikamev±tikatv± kata½. Id±ni amheti vuttaµµh±na½ pana pakaraºanayena sa½sandanatt± yuttataranti daµµhabba½.

Sam³hanan±k±ro pana eva½ veditabbo– id±ni bandhitabb±ya s²m±ya nimitt±na½ anto cabahi ca yath±vuttanayena sam³hanitabbas²maµµh±na½ ±d±satala½ viya sama½ suddha½ vimala½ katv±yath±vuttamañcappam±ºa½ mañcappam±ºa½ µh±na½ aµµhapadakalekha½ viya rajjun± v± daº¹ena v± lekha½k±r±petv± lekh±nus±rena tambamattikacuººena v± setamattikacuººena v± vaººavisesa½k±r±petv± panti panti koµµh±sa½ koµµh±sa½ k±r±petv± pubbe vuttanayena ±rakkha½sodhanañca k±r±petv± “id±ni s²ma½ sam³haniss±m±”ti catt±ro v±taduttari v± sam±nasa½v±sakabhikkh³ gahetv± paµhamapantiya½ paµhamakoµµh±se mañcaµµh±ne µhatv±paµhama½ avippav±sas²m±sam³hananakammav±ca½, tato sam±nasa½v±sakas²m±sam³hananakammav±ca½s±vetv± tasmi½ koµµh±seyeva aññamaññassa µhitaµµh±na½ parivattetv± parivattetv± tikkhattu½v± sattakkhattu½ v± sam³hanitv± tato nikkhamitv± paµhamapantiya½yeva dutiyakoµµh±se µhatv±tatheva katv± tato paµhamapantiya½yeva anulomanayena y±va antimakoµµh±s± ekekasmi½ koµµh±setatheva katv± paµhamapantiy± parikkh²º±ya dutiyapantiy± antimakoµµh±se µhatv± tatheva katv± tato paµµh±ya dutiyapantiya½yeva paµilomanayena y±va ±dikoµµh±s± tatheva katv± eva½tatiyapanti-±d²supi ekad± anulomato ekad± paµilomato gantv± sabb±su pant²susabbasmi½ koµµh±se parikkh²ºe ida½ s²m±sam³hananakamma½ niµµhita½ n±ma hoti. “Catt±rotaduttari v±”ti ida½ pana imassa kammassa catuvaggakaraº²yatt± vutta½. Vimativinodaniya½(vi. vi. µ². mah±vagga 2.144) pana bhikkh³na½ pakatattabh±vassa duviññeyyatt± lajj²pesalabhikkh³nañcadullabhatt± “chapañcamatte”ti vutta½.