S²m±bandhanavinicchayakath±

Eva½ s²m±vinicchaya½ kathetv± p±¼iya½ s²makath±ya uposathakkhandhakapariy±pannatt± uposathakkhandhak±nantarañcapav±raºakkhandhakassa ±gatatt± tadanukkamena s²m±vinicchayato uposathapav±raºavinicchaya½ kathetum±raddhepis±sanavuddhikaraºattha½ upasampad±divinayakammakaraºaµµh±nabh³ta½ s²ma½ bandhituk±m±na½ lajjipesalabahussutasikkh±k±mabhikkh³na½paññ±sativ²riyajananattha½ s²m±bandhanakath± amhehi ±rabh²yate Tatthaapalokan±dicatubbidhakammakaraºaµµh±nabh³t± s²m± n±ma baddha-abaddhavasena duvidh± hoti.Tatth±pi baddhas²m± khaº¹as²m±, sam±nasa½v±sakas²m±, avippav±sas²m±ti tibbidh± hoti,tath± abaddhas²m±pi g±mas²m±, udakukkhepas²m±, sattabbhantaras²m±ti. Vuttañheta½ ±cariyabuddhadattattherenavinayavinicchaye–

“Khaº¹asam±nasa½v±s±-vippav±s±ti bhedato;
iti baddh± tidh± vutt±, abaddh±pi tidh± mat±.
“G±mato udakukkhep±, sattabbhantaratopi ca;
tattha g±maparicchedo, g±mas²m±ti vuccat²”ti.

Tattha baddhas²ma½ bandhituk±mena atikhuddik±, atimahat², khaº¹animitt±, ch±y±nimitt±,animitt±, bahis²me µhitasammat±, nadiy± sammat±, samudde sammat±, j±tassare sammat±,s²m±ya s²ma½ sambhindantena sammat±, s²m±ya s²ma½ ajjhottharantena sammat±ti vutt±im± ek±dasa vipattis²m±yo atikkamitv± nimittasampatti, parisasampatti, kammav±c±sampatt²tivutt±ya tividhasampattiy± yutta½ katv± paµhama½ kittitanimittena sabbapacchimakittitanimitta½sambandha½ katv± bandhitabb±. Vuttañheta½ aµµhakath±cariyena kaªkh±vitaraºiya½ (kaªkh±.aµµha. nid±navaººan±) “tattha ek±dasa vipattis²m±yo atikkamitv± tividhasampattiyutt±nimittena nimitta½ sambandhitv± sammat± s²m± baddhas²m± n±m±”ti. Etena etesuek±dasasu vipatt²su ek±yapi yutt±ya, tividhasampatt²su ek±yapi ayutt±ya, nimittenanimitta½ asambandha½ katv± sammat±ya ca sati s²m± na hot²ti dasseti.

Eva½ s²ma½ bandhituk±mena bhikkhun± sabbalakkhaºaparip³rattha½ mahanto uss±ho karaº²yo hoti,tasm± s²m±bandhanak±le t²su sampatt²su parisasampattisiddhiy± paµhama½ t±vag±mas²m± upaparikkhitabb±. Etth±ha “nanu baddhas²m± v± bandhitabb±, atha kasm± g±mas²m±upaparikkhitabb±”ti? G±mas²m±ya½ µhatv± baddhas²m±ya bandhitabbato. Vuttañheta½ bhagavat±“asammat±ya, bhikkhave, s²m±ya aµµhapit±ya ya½ g±ma½ v± nigama½ v± upaniss±ya viharati,y± tassa v± g±massa g±mas²m±, nigamassa v± nigamas²m±, aya½ tattha sam±nasa½v±s± ek³posath±”ti(mah±va. 147). Idha p±¼iya½ sar³pena an±gatampi aµµhakath±ya½ (mah±va. aµµha. 147) “g±maggahaºenacettha nagarampi gahitameva hot²”ti vuttatt± nagaras²m±pi gahit± hoti, tasm± yasmi½abaddhas²mavih±re bhikkh³ ya½ g±ma½ upaniss±ya viharanti, tassa g±massa paricchedo g±mas²m±n±ma. Ya½ nigama½ upaniss±ya viharanti, tassa nigamassa paricchedo nigamas²m± n±ma.Ya½ nagara½ upaniss±ya viharanti, tassa nagarassa paricchedo nagaras²m± n±ma. T± sabb±pig±mas²m±ti vuccanti. Tesa½ bhikkh³na½ sam±nasa½v±s± ek³posathabaddhas²m± viyaekato uposath±disaªghakammakaraº±rah± honti, ²diseyeva ca padese s²ma½ bandhitumarahati,na uposath±disaªghakamm±narahe padeseti vutta½ hoti.

Tattha “yattake padese tassa tassa g±massa g±mabhojak± bali½ labhanti, so padeso appo v±hotu mahanto v±, g±mas²m±tveva saªkhya½ gacchat²”ti aµµhakath±ya½ vacanato g±m±dibhojak±na½ balilabhanaµµh±na½ g±mas²m± hoti, idañca yebhuyyavasena vutta½. Bali½ alabhantopi r±japaººe±ropitapadese tassa g±massa g±mas²m±yeva. Vuttañhi vimativinodaniya½ (vi. vi.µ². mah±vagga 2.147) “bali½ labhant²ti ida½ yebhuyyavasena vutta½. ‘Aya½ g±moettako kar²sabh±go’ti-±din± pana r±japaººesu ±ropitesu bh³mibh±gesuyasmi½ yasmi½ ta¼±kam±tik±sus±napabbat±dike padese bali½ na gaºhanti, sopi g±mas²m±eva. R±j±d²hi paricchinnabh³mibh±go hi sabbova µhapetv± nad²loºij±tassare g±mas²m±tiveditabbo”ti. Aya½ pakatig±mas²m± n±ma. “Yampi ekasmi½yeva g±makkhette eka½padesa½, ‘aya½ visu½g±mo hot³’ti paricchinditv± r±j± kassaci deti, sopi visu½g±mas²m±hotiyev±”ti aµµhakath±ya½ (mah±va. aµµha. 147) vacanato r±j± “pakatig±makkhetteyevapakatig±mato visu½ pakatig±mena asammisso g±mo hot³”ti ya½ padesa½ deti,so padeso visu½g±mas²m± n±ma. Iti pakatig±mas²m± ca r±j³na½ icch±vasena pavatt±visu½g±mas²m± ca baddhas²m± viya sabbakamm±rah±, tasm± abhinavabaddhas²ma½ bandhituk±mehipakatig±mas²ma½ v± visu½g±mas²ma½ v± sodhetv± kattabba½ hoti. Tath± hi vutta½aµµhakath±ya½ “tasm± s± ca itar± ca pakatig±managaranigamas²m± baddhas²m±sadis±yeva hont²”ti.Vimativinodaniyañca (vi. vi. µ². mah±vagga 2.147) “tattha hi s± ca r±jicch±vasenaparivattitv± samuppann± abhinav± ca itar± ca aparivatt± pakatig±mas²m±, yath± baddhas²m±ya½sabba½ saªghakamma½ k±tu½ vaµµati, evamet±pi sabbakamm±rahat±sadisena baddhas²m±sadis±,s± sam±nasa½v±s± ek³posath±ti adhipp±yo”ti vutta½.

Keci pana ±cariy± “maya½ s²ma½ bandhituk±m±, tasm± ettako bh³miparicchedo visu½khetta½ hot³”ti r±j±na½ ±pucchitv± tena ok±se kate “ida½ µh±na½ visu½g±makkhetta½hot²”ti manasi katv± tatraµµheyeva bhikkh³ ca hatthap±s±nayan±din± sodhetv±s²m±sam³hanas²m±bandhan±d²ni karonti, ta½ karaºa½ “aya½ visu½g±mo hot³ti paricchinditv±r±j± kassaci det²”ti aµµhakath±vacanena, “s± ca r±jicch±vasena parivattitv± samuppann±abhinav± c±”ti ±gatena vimativinodan²µ²k±vacanena ca samenta½ viya na dissati.Katha½? Aµµhakath±vacane t±va “aya½ visu½g±mo hot³”ti imin± na kevala½ purimag±moyevag±mo hotu, atha kho id±ni paricchinnapadesopi visu½yeva g±mo hot³ti eka½yevag±makkhetta½ dve g±me karot²ti dasseti. “R±j± kassaci det²”ti imin± g±mabhojakassadinnabh±va½ pak±seti, idha pana neva dve g±me karoti, na ca g±mabhojakassa deti, kevala½bhikkh³na½ anumatiy± y±vak±likavaseneva ok±sa½ karoti, eva½ aµµhakath±vacanenapisamenta½ viya na dissati. Vimativinodan²µ²k±vacanenapi “r±jicch±vasena parivattitv±”tiimin± ag±mabh³ta½ khetta½ r±jicch±vasena parivattitv± g±mo hot²ti dasseti.“Abhinav± c±”ti imin± pur±ºag±mas²m± ca abhinavag±mas²m± c±ti purimag±menaamissa½ visu½g±malakkhaºa½ dasseti. Idha pana r±jicch±vasena parivattitv± khettassavisu½g±mabh³tabh±vo ca abhinavabh±vena visu½g±malakkhaºañca na dissati, eva½ µ²k±vacanenapisamenta½ viya na dissati.

Vinayavinicchayaµ²k±yañca “g±maparicchedoti sabbadis±su samm± paricchinditv±‘imassa padesassa ettako karo’ti eva½ karena niyamito g±mappadeso”ti eva½ ±yavasenevaparicchindana½ vutta½, na anumatikaraºamattena, tasm± visu½g±malakkhaºa½ appattat±ya pakatig±menasaªkaro hoti, na tattha uposath±disaªghakamma½ k±tumarahati, uposath±disaªghakammakaraº±rahapadeseyevas²m±sam³hananas²m±bandhanakammampi karaº±raha½ hoti ñattidutiyakammatt±tesa½ kamm±na½, tasm± tesa½ ±cariy±na½ ta½ karaºa½ aññe ±cariy± na icchanti.Aññe pana ±cariy± “ta½ paricchinnappadesa½ ‘visu½g±mo hot³’ti r±j± kassacideti, g±mabhojako ca tato bali½ paµiggaºh±ti, tad± visu½g±mo hoti, na tato pubbe”tivadanti. Tesa½ ta½ vacana½ “eva½ karena niyamito padeso”ti vinicchayaµ²k±vacanañca“g±m±d²na½ karagg±haparicchinno samantato padeso g±mas²m±”ti s²m±laªk±ragaºµhivacanañcasandh±ya vutta½ siy±, tesu pana “imassa padesassa ettako karo”ti eva½ karaparicchindana½vutta½, na g±mabhojakassa baliggahaºa½. Aµµhakath±yañca “r±j± kassaci det²”ti d±namevavadati, na “g±mabhojako ca bali½ gaºh±t²”ti paµiggahaºa½, tasm± tampi vacana½aññe paº¹it± na sampaµicchanti, tasm± pathavissaro r±j± “imasmi½ g±makkhette ettakakar²samattopadeso purimag±mato visu½g±mo hot³”ti paricchinditv± deti, ett±vat± so padesobali½ paµiggahito v± hotu appaµiggahito v±, visu½g±mo n±ma hot²ti daµµhabbo.

Eva½ pakatig±malakkhaºañca visu½g±malakkhaºañca tathato ñatv± baddhas²ma½ bandhituk±mo yadipakatig±mas²m± n±tivitth±r± hoti sukharakkhit±, tameva pakatig±mas²ma½ suµµhu rakkh±petv± suµµhu sodhetv± s²m±sam³hananas²m±sammutikamm±ni k±tabb±ni. Yadi pana pakatig±mas²m±ativitth±r± hoti, nigamas²m±, nagaras²m± v± honti, bah³na½ bhikkh³na½ nisinnaµµh±nasañcaraºaµµh±natt±sodhetu½ v± rakkhitu½ v± na sakkonti, evañca sati pathavissarar±j³hi paricchinn±yavisu½g±mas²m±ya suµµhu sodhetv± surakkhita½ katv± s²m±sam³hananas²m±sammutikamma½k±tabba½. Katha½ pana suµµhu sodhanañca suµµhu rakkhaºañca k±tabba½? S²ma½bandhituk±mena hi s±mantavih±resu bhikkh³ tassa tassa vih±rassa s²m±pariccheda½ pucchitv±baddhas²mavih±r±na½ s²m±ya s²mantarika½, abaddhas²mavih±r±na½ s²m±ya upac±ra½ µhapetv±dis±c±rikabhikkh³na½ nissañc±rasamaye sace ekasmi½ g±makkhette s²ma½ bandhituk±m±,ye tattha baddhas²mavih±r±, tesu bhikkh³na½ “maya½ ajja s²ma½ bandhiss±ma, tumhe sakasakas²m±yaparicchedato m± nikkhamath±”ti pesetabba½. Ye abaddhas²mavih±r±, tesu bhikkh³ekajjha½ sannip±tetabb±, chand±rah±na½ chando ±har±petabbo. Eva½ sannipatitesupana bhikkh³su chand±rah±na½ chande ±haµe tesu tesu maggesu ca nad²titthag±madv±r±d²suca ±gantukabhikkh³na½ s²gha½ s²gha½ hatthap±s±nayanatthañca bahis²makaraºatthañca ±r±mikeceva samaºuddese ca µhapetv± bherisañña½ v± saªkhasañña½ v± katv± s²m± sam³hanitabb±ti.

Nanu ca ida½ sodhana½ rakkhaºañca s²m±sammutik±leyeva aµµhakath±ya½ vutta½, atha kasm± idhas²m±sam³hanane vuttanti? Imassapi s²m±sam³hananakammassa ñattidutiyakammatt± parisasampattijananattha½vuttanti daµµhabba½. Eva½ santepi ida½ s²m±sam³hananakamma½ n±ma yadi por±º± baddhas²m±atthi, tadaµµhakasaªghe hatthap±sagate aññesu bhikkh³su g±mas²ma½ paviµµhesupi kammabhedonatthi. Yadi por±º± baddhas²m± natthi, evampi sati kevala½ g±mas²m±bh³tatt± s²m±sam³hananakammeasampajjantepi doso natthi, atha kasm± sodhan± vutt±ti? Sacca½, tath±pi sam³hanitabb±por±ºas²m±paricchedassa duviññeyyatt±. Sace hi mahatiy± por±ºabaddhas²m±ya ekasmi½padese s²ma½ sam³haniss±m±ti saªghe sannipatite tass±yeva s²m±ya aññasmi½ padesebhikkhumhi paviµµhe aj±nantassapi kamma½ vipajjati, tasm± mahuss±hena sodhetabb±v±tidaµµhabba½. Eva½ g±mas²masodhana½ “parisasampattiy± yutt± n±ma sabbantimenaparicchedena cat³hi bhikkh³hi sannipatitv± y±vatik± tasmi½ g±makkhette baddhas²ma½v± nad²samuddaj±tassare v± anokkamitv± µhit± bhikkh³, te sabbe hatthap±se v± katv±chanda½ v± ±haritv± sammat±”ti kaªkh±vitaraºiya½ (kaªkh±. aµµha. nid±navaººan±) ±gatatt±parisasampattik±raºa½ hot²ti viññ±yati. Tato “s²m±ya s²ma½ sambhindantena sammat±, s²m±ya s²ma½ ajjhottharantena sammat±”ti vuttehi dv²hi vipattidosehi muccanattha½s²masam³hananakamma½ k±tabba½.