24. S²m±vinicchayakath±
156. Eva½ nissayavinicchaya½ kathetv± id±ni s²m±vinicchaya½ kathetu½“s²m±ti ettha”ty±dim±ha. Tattha s²m±ti sin²yate samaggena saªghena kammav±c±yabandh²yateti s²m±. Si bandhaneti dh±tu, ma-paccayo, kiy±digaºoya½. Vibh±gavant±na½sabh±vavibh±vana½ vibh±gena vin± na hot²ti ±ha “s²m± n±mes±…pe… hot²”ti.Tattha baddhas²ma½ t±va dassetu½ “tattha ek±dasa”ty±dim±ha.V²sativaggakaraº²yaparamatt± saªghakammassa heµµhimantato yattha kamm±rahena saddhi½ ekav²satibhikkh³ nis²ditu½ sakkonti, tattake padese s²ma½ bandhitu½ vaµµati, na tato oranti±ha “atikhuddak± n±ma yattha ekav²sati bhikkh³ nis²ditu½ na sakkont²”ti.Puratthim±ya dis±y±ti ida½ nidassanamatta½, tassa½ pana dis±ya½ nimitte asati yatthaatthi, tato paµµh±ya paµhama½ “puratthim±ya anudis±ya, dakkhiº±ya dis±y±”ti-±din± samant±vijjam±naµµh±nesu nimitt±ni kittetv± puna “puratthim±ya anudis±y±”ti paµhamakittita½paµikittetu½ vaµµati t²hi nimittehi siªgh±µakasaºµh±n±yapi s²m±ya sammannitabbato.Tikkhattu½ s²mamaº¹ala½ sambandhanten±ti vinayadharena saya½ ekasmi½yeva µh±ne µhatv±kevala½ nimittakittanavacaneneva s²mamaº¹ala½ samant± nimittena nimitta½ bandhanten±tiattho. Ta½ta½nimittaµµh±na½ agantv±pi hi kittetu½ vaµµati. Tiyojanaparam±yapi s²m±yasamantato tikkhattu½ anuparigamanassa ekadivasena dukkaratt± vinayadharena saya½ adiµµhampipubbe bhikkh³hi yath±vavatthita½ nimitta½ “p±s±ºo bhante”ti-±din± kenacivutt±nus±rena sallakkhetv± “eso p±s±ºo nimittan”ti-±din± kittetumpi vaµµatieva.Sa½saµµhaviµap±ti imin± aññamaññassa ±sannata½ d²peti. Baddh± hot²tipacchimadis±bh±ge s²ma½ sandh±ya vutta½. Ekaratanamatt± suviññeyyatar± hot²ti katv±vutta½ “pacchimakoµiy± hatthamatt± s²mantarik± µhapetabb±”ti. Ekaªgulimatt±pis²mantarik± vaµµatiyeva. Tattakenapi hi s²m± asambhinn±va hoti. Dvinna½ s²m±na½nimitta½ hot²ti nimittassa s²mato b±hiratt± s²masambhedo na hot²ti vutta½.S²masaªkara½ karot²ti va¹¹hitv± s²mappadesa½ paviµµhe dvinna½ s²m±na½ gataµµh±nassa duviññeyyatt±vutta½, na, pana tattha kamma½ k±tu½ na vaµµat²ti dassanattha½. Na hi s²m± tattakenaas²m± hoti, dve pana s²m± pacch± va¹¹hitarukkhena ajjhotthaµatt± ek±baddh± honti,tasm± ekattha µhatv± kamma½ karontehi itara½ sodhetv± k±tabba½. Tass± padesantiyattha µhatv± bhikkh³hi kamma½ k±tu½ sakk± hoti, t±disa½ padesa½, yattha pana µhitehikamma½ k±tu½ na sakk± hoti, t±disa½ padesa½ antokaritv± bandhant± s²m±ya s²ma½sa½bhindanti n±ma. Na kammav±ca½ vagga½ karont²ti kammav±ca½ na bhindanti, kamma½na kopent²ti adhipp±yo. 158. Suddhapa½supabbatoti na kenaci kato saya½j±tova vutto. Tath± ses±pi. Itarop²tisuddhapa½supabbat±diko pabbatopi. Hatthippam±ºoti ettha bh³mito uggatapadesena hatthippam±ºa½gahetabba½. S±ratthad²paniya½ (s±rattha. µ². mah±vagga 3.138) pana vajirabuddhiµ²k±yañca(vajira. µ². mah±vagga 138) “hatthippam±ºo n±ma pabbato heµµhimakoµiy± a¹¹haµµhamaratanubbedho”tivutta½. Cat³hi v± t²hi v±ti s²mabh³miya½ cat³su, t²su v± dis±su µhitehi,ekiss± eva pana dis±ya µhitehi tato bah³hipi sammannitu½ na vaµµati, dv²hi pana dv²sudis±su µhitehipi na vaµµati. Tasm±ti yasm± ekena na vaµµati, tasm±.Ta½ bahiddh± katv±ti kittitanimittassa as²matt± antos²m±ya karaºa½ ayuttantivutta½. Ten±ha “sace”ti-±di.Dvatti½sapalagu¼apiº¹appam±ºat± saºµh±nato gahetabb±, na tulagaºan±vasena, bh±rato palaparim±ºañca magadhatul±ya gahetabba½, s± ca lokiyatul±ya dviguº±ti vadanti. S±ratthad²paniya½(s±rattha. µ². mah±vagga 3.138) pana “dvatti½sapalagu¼apiº¹appam±ºat± tulat±ya gahetabb±,na tulagaºan±y±”ti vutta½. Atimahantop²ti bh³mito hatthippam±ºa½ anugantv± heµµh±bh³miya½otiººaghanato anekayojanappam±ºopi. Sace hi tato hatthippam±ºa½ k³µa½ uggacchati, pabbatasaªkhamevagacchati. Vajirabuddhiµ²k±ya½ (vajira. µ². mah±vagga 138)– sace ek±baddho hoti,na k±tabboti ettha cat³su dis±su catunna½ pabbatak³µ±na½ heµµh± piµµhip±s±ºasadisep±s±ºe µhitatt± ek±baddhabh±ve satipi pathavito uddha½ tesa½ sambandhe asati heµµh± pathav²gatasambandhamatteabboh±rika½ katv± kittetu½ vaµµati. Teneva “piµµhip±s±ºo atimahantopi p±s±ºasaªkhyamevagacchat²”ti vutta½. Pathavito heµµh± tassa mahantabh±ve gayham±ne pabbatameva hot²tianugaºµhipade vutta½. Cinitv± katapa½supuñje tiºagumbarukkh± ce j±yanti, pabbatohot²ti dhammasiritthero, nev±ti upatissattheroti vutta½. P±s±ºoti sudh±mayap±s±ºopivaµµat²ti vadanti, v²ma½sitabba½ iµµhak±ya paµikkhittatt±. Sop²ti kh±ºuko viyauµµhitap±s±ºopi. Catupañcarukkhanimittamattamp²ti ekaccesu nimittasaddo natth²tivutta½.Antos±r±nanti tasmi½ khaºe taruºat±ya s±re avijjam±nepi pariº±mena bhavissam±nas±repisandh±ya vutta½ T±dis±nañhi s³cidaº¹akappam±ºapariº±h±na½ catupañcamatt±nampivana½ vaµµati. Antos±ramissak±nanti antos±rehi rukkhehi sammiss±na½. Etena tacas±rarukkhamissak±nampivana½ vaµµat²ti dasseti. Catupañcarukkhamattamp²ti s±rarukkhe sandh±ya vutta½. Vajirabuddhiµ²k±ya½(vajira. µ². mah±vagga 138) pana “ettha tayo ce s±rarukkh± honti, dve as±r±, s±rarukkh±na½bahutta½ icchitabba½. Sus±nampi idha vanamev±ti saªkhya½ gacchati saya½j±tatt±ti vutta½.Keci pana ‘cat³su dve antos±r± ce, vaµµati, antos±r± adhik±, sam± v±, vaµµati,tasm± bah³supi dve ce antos±r± atthi, vaµµat²’ti vadant²”ti vutta½. Vanamajjhe vih±ra½karont²ti rukkhaghaµ±ya antare rukkhe acchinditv± vati-±d²hi vih±rapariccheda½ katv±vaantorukkhantaresu eva pariveºapaººas±l±d²na½ karaºavasena yath± antovih±rampi vanamevahoti, eva½ vih±ra½ karont²ti attho. Yadi hi sabba½ rukkha½ chinditv± vih±ra½kareyyu½, vih±rassa avanatt± ta½ parikkhipitv± µhitavana½ ekattha kittetabba½ siy±,idha pana antopi vanatt± “vana½ na kittetabban”ti vutta½. Sace hi ta½ kittenti, “nimittassa upari vih±ro hot²”ti-±din± anantare vuttadoso ±pajjati Ekadesantivanekadesa½, rukkhavirahitaµµh±ne katavih±rassa ekapasse µhitavanassa ekadesanti attho.S³cidaº¹akappam±ºoti va½sadaº¹appam±ºo. “Lekhanidaº¹appam±ºo”ti keci. M±tik±µµhakath±ya½(kaªkh±. aµµha. dubbalasikkh±padavaººan±) pana avebhaªgiyavinicchaye “yo koci aµµhaªgulas³cidaº¹amattopive¼u…pe… garubhaº¹an”ti vuttatt± tanutaro ve¼udaº¹oti ca s³cidaº¹oti cagahetabba½. Va½sana¼akasar±v±d²s³ti ve¼upabbe v± na¼apabbe v± kapallak±dimattikabh±janesuv±ti attho. Taªkhaºamp²ti taruºapotake amil±yitv± viruhanaj±tikesandh±ya vutta½. Ye pana pariºat± sam³la½ uddharitv± ropit±pi chinnas±kh± viya mil±yitv±cirena navam³laªkuruppattiy± j²vanti, miyantiyeva v±, t±dise kittetu½ na vaµµati.Etanti navam³las±kh±niggamana½. S±ratthad²paniya½ (s±rattha. µ². mah±vagga 3.138)pana “s³cidaº¹akappam±ºoti s²ha¼ad²pe lekhanidaº¹appam±ºoti vadanti, so cakaniµµhaªguliparim±ºoti daµµhabban”ti vutta½.Majjheti s²m±ya mah±dis±na½ anto. Koºanti s²m±ya cat³su koºesu dvinna½ dvinna½magg±na½ sambandhaµµh±na½. Parabh±ge kittetu½ vaµµat²ti tesa½ catunna½ koº±na½ bahinikkhamitv± µhitesu aµµhasu maggesu ekiss± dis±ya eka½, aññiss± dis±ya c±parantieva½ catt±ropi magg± cat³su dis±su kittetu½ vaµµat²ti adhipp±yo. Eva½ pana kittitamattenakatha½ ek±baddhat± vigacchat²ti viññ±yati. Parato gataµµh±nepi ete eva te catt±romagg±. “Catt±ro magg± cat³su dis±su gacchant²”ti hi vutta½, tasm± ettha k±raºa½vicinitabbanti vimativinodaniya½ (vi. vi. µ². mah±vagga 2.138) vutta½. Vicinantopana eva½ k±raºa½ paññ±yati– pubbav±kyepi “vih±ra½ parikkhipitv± catt±ro magg±”ti,parav±kyepi “vih±ramajjhena nibbijjhitv± gatamaggop²”ti vih±rameva sandh±ya vutto,tasm± idh±pi “koºa½ nibbijjhitv± gata½ pan±”ti (mah±va. aµµha. 138) aµµhakath±ya½vuttatt± ete magg± vih±rassa koºameva nibbijjhi½su, na aññamañña½ missi½su, tasm±ek±baddhabh±v±bh±v± catunna½ magg±na½ cat³su µh±nesu kittetu½ vaµµat²ti. S±ratthad²paniya½pana “parabh±ge kittetu½ vaµµat²ti bahi nikkhamitv± µhitesu aµµhasu maggesu ekiss±dis±ya eka½, apar±ya ekanti eva½ cat³su µh±nesu kittetu½ vaµµat²”ti ettakameva vutta½. Vajirabuddhiµ²k±ya½ (vajira. µ². mah±vagga 138) pana “parabh±geti ettha etehi baddhaµµh±nato gatatt± vaµµati, tath± d²ghamaggepi gahitaµµh±nato gataµµh±nassa aññatt±tivadant²”ti vutta½. Tampi ek±baddhanimittatt± vic±retabba½.Uttarantiy± bhikkhuniy±ti idañca p±¼iya½ bhikkhun²na½ nad²p±ragamane nad²lakkhaºassa ±gatatt±vutta½, bhikkh³na½ antarav±sakatemanamattampi vaµµatiyeva. S±ratthad²paniyampi (s±rattha.µ². mah±vagga 3.138) “bhikkhuniy± eva gahaºañcettha bhikkhun²vibhaªge bhikkhun²vasenanad²lakkhaºassa p±¼iya½ ±gatatt± teneva nayena dassanattha½ kata½. S²ma½ bandhant±na½ nimitta½hot²ti aya½ vuttalakkhaº± nad² samudda½ v± pavisatu ta¼±ka½ v±, pabhavato paµµh±ya nimitta½hot²”ti vutta½. Vajirabuddhiµ²k±ya½ (vajira. µ². mah±vagga 138) pana “antarav±sakotemiyat²ti vuttatt± tattakappam±ºa-udakeyeva k±tu½ vaµµat²ti keci. ‘Temiyat²’tiimin± heµµhimakoµiy± nad²lakkhaºa½ vutta½, evar³p±ya nadiy± yasmi½ µh±ne catt±rom±se appa½ v± bahu½ v± udaka½ ajjhottharitv± pavattati, tasmi½ µh±ne appodakepiµhatv± k±tu½ vaµµat²ti eke”ti vutta½.Nad²catukkepi eseva nayoti imin± ekattha kittetv± aññattha parato gataµµh±nepikittetu½ na vaµµat²ti dasseti. Teneva ca “asammiss± nadiyo pana catassopi kittetu½vaµµat²”ti asammissaggahaºa½ kata½. Ajjhottharitv± ±varaºa½ pavattatiyev±ti ±varaºa½ajjhottharitv± sandatiyeva. Apavattam±n±ti asandam±nudak±. ¾varaºañhi patv± nadiy±yattake padese udaka½ asandam±na½ santiµµhati, tattha nad²nimitta½ k±tu½ na vaµµati,upari sandam±naµµh±neyeva vaµµati. Asandam±naµµh±ne pana udakanimitta½ k±tu½ vaµµati.Ýhitameva hi udaka½ udakanimitte vaµµati, na sandam±na½. Tenev±ha “pavattanaµµh±ne nad²nimitta½,apavattanaµµh±ne udakanimitta½ k±tu½ vaµµat²”ti. “Pavattanaµµh±ne nad²nimittantivuttatt± setuto parato tattaka½ udaka½ yadi pavattati, nad² ev±ti vadanti. J±tassar±d²suµhitodaka½ j±tassar±dipadesena antarikampi nimitta½ k±tu½ vaµµati nad²p±ras²m±yanimitta½ viya. Sace so padeso k±lantarena g±makhettabh±va½ p±puº±ti, tattha añña½s²ma½ sammannitu½ vaµµat²”ti vajirabuddhiµ²k±ya½ (vajira. µ². mah±vagga 138) vutta½.M³leti ±dik±le. Nadi½ bhinditv±ti yath± udaka½ anicchantehi kassakehimahoghe nivaµµetu½ na sakk±, eva½ k³la½ bhinditv±. Nadi½ bhinditv±ti v± m±tik±mukhadv±renanad²k³la½ bhinditv±.