Purimanayeneva ekato anuss±vane k±tunti “ekena ekassa, aññenaitarass±”ti-±din± pubbe vuttanayena dvinna½ dv²hi v± tiººa½ t²hi v± ±cariyehi,ekena v± ±cariyena tayopi ekato-anuss±vane k±tunti attho. “Tañca kho ekenaupajjh±yena, na tveva n±nupajjh±yen±”ti ida½ ekena ±cariyena dv²hi v± t²hiv± upajjh±yehi dve v± tayo v± upasampad±pekkhe ekakkhaºe ek±ya anuss±van±ya ek±nuss±vanek±tu½ na vaµµat²ti paµikkhepapada½, na pana n±n±cariyehi n±nupajjh±yehi tayo ek±nuss±vanek±tu½ na vaµµat²ti ±ha “sace pana n±n±cariy± n±nupajjh±y±…pe… vaµµat²”ti.Yañcettha “tissatthero sumanattherassa saddhivih±rika½, sumanatthero tissattherassasaddhivih±rikan”ti eva½ upajjh±yehi aññamañña½ saddhivih±rik±na½ anuss±vanakaraºa½ vutta½,ta½ upalakkhaºamatta½. Tasm± sace tissatthero sumanattherassa saddhivih±rika½, sumanattheronandattherassa saddhivih±rika½ anuss±veti, aññamaññañca gaºap³rak± honti, vaµµatieva. Sace pana upajjh±yo sayameva attano saddhivih±rika½ anuss±veti, ettha vattabbamevanatthi, kamma½ sukatameva hoti, anupajjh±yakassapi yena kenaci anuss±vite upasampad±hoti, kimaªga½ pana sa-upajjh±yakassa upajjh±yeneva anuss±vaneti daµµhabba½. Teneva navaµµanapakkha½dassetu½ “sace pan±”ti-±dim±ha.

Upajjh±ti upajjh±yasaddasam±nattho ±k±ranto upajjh±saddoti dasseti. Upajjh±ya-saddo evav± upajjh±, upayogapaccattavacanesu ya-k±ra lopa½ katv± eva½ vutto karaºavacan±d²suupajjh±saddassa payog±bh±v±ti daµµhabba½. P±¼iya½ attan±va att±na½ sammannitabbanti attan±vakattubh³tena karaºabh³tena att±nameva kammabh³ta½ pati sammannanakicca½k±tabba½, att±nanti v± paccatte upayogavacana½, attan±va att± sammannitabboti attho.Na kevalañca ettheva, aññatr±pi terasasammuti-±d²su imin±va lakkhaºena attan±va att±sammannitabbova. Apica saya½ kamm±rahatt± att±na½ muñcitv± catuvagg±diko gaºosabbattha icchitabbo.

Saccak±loti “nig³hiss±m²”ti vañcana½ pah±ya saccasseva te icchitabbak±lo.Bh³tak±loti vañcan±ya abh±vepi manussatt±divatthuno bh³tat±ya avassa½ icchitabbak±lo,itarath± kammakop±di-antar±yo hot²ti adhipp±yo. Maªk³ti adhomukho. Uddharat³tianupasampannabh±vato upasampattiya½ patiµµhapet³ti attho.

Sabbakammav±c±su atthakosallattha½ panettha upasampadakammav±c±ya evamattho daµµhabbo– suº±t³tisavan±ºattiya½ paµhamapurisekavacana½. Tañca kiñc±pi yo so saªgho savanakiriy±ya½ niyoj²yati,tassa sammukhatt± “suº±h²”ti majjhimapurisavacanena vattabba½, tath±pi yasm± saªghasaddasannidh±nepaµhamapurisappayogova saddavid³hi sam±ciººo bhavantabhagavanta-±yasm±disaddasannidh±nesuviya “adhiv±setu me bhava½ gotamo (p±r±. 22), etassa sugata k±lo, ya½ bhagav± s±vak±na½sikkh±pada½ paññapeyya (p±r±. 21), pakkamat±yasm± (p±r±. 436), suºantu me ±yasmanto”ti-±d²su(mah±va. 168). Tasm± idha paµhamapurisappayogo kato. Atha v± g±ravavaseneta½ vutta½.Garuµµh±niyesu hi g±ravavasena majjhimapurisapayoguppattiyampi paµhamapurisappayoga½ payujjanti“desetu sugato dhamman”ti-±d²su (d². ni. 2.66; ma. ni. 2.338; mah±va. 8)viy±ti daµµhabba½. Keci pana “bhante ±vusoti pade apekkhitv± idhapaµhamapurisappayogo”ti vadanti, ta½ na sundara½ “±cariyo me, bhante, hohi (mah±va.77), iªgh±vuso up±li, ima½ pabbajita½ anuyuñj±h²”ti-±d²su (p±r±. 517) tappayogepimajjhimapurisappayogasseva dassanato.

Meti yo s±veti, tassa attaniddese s±mivacana½. Bhanteti ±lapanatthe vu¹¹hesusag±ravavacana½, “±vuso”ti pada½ pana navakesu. Tadubhayampi nip±to “tumhebhante tumhe ±vuso”ti bah³supi sam±nar³patt±. Saªghoti avisesato catuvagg±dikepakatattapuggalasam³he vattati. Idha pana paccantimesu janapadesu pañcavaggato paµµh±ya,majjhimesu janapadesu dasavaggato paµµh±ya saªghoti gahetabbo. Tatr±ya½ piº¹attho– bhante,saªgho mama vacana½ suº±t³ti. Idañca navakatarena vattabbavacana½. Sace pana anuss±vakosabbehi bhikkh³hi vu¹¹hataro hoti, “suº±tu me, ±vuso saªgho”ti vattabba½. Sopice “bhante”ti vadeyya, navakataro v± “±vuso”ti, kammakopo natthi. Kecipana “ekattha ‘±vuso’ti vatv± aññattha ‘bhante’ti vuttepi natthi doso ubhayenapi±lapanassa sijjhanato”ti vadanti.

Id±ni yamattha½ ñ±petuk±mo “suº±t³”ti saªgha½ savane niyojeti, ta½ ñ±pento “aya½itthann±mo”ti-±dim±ha. Tattha ayanti upasampad±pekkhassa hatthap±se sannihitabh±vadassana½,tena ca hatthap±se µhitasseva upasampad± ruhat²ti sijjhati hatthap±sato bahi µhitassa “ayan”tina vattabbato. Teneva anus±sakasammutiya½ so hatthap±sato bahi µhitatt± “ayan”tina vutto, tasm± upasampad±pekkho anupasampanno hatthap±se µhapetabbo.Aya½ itthann±moti aya½-saddo ca avassa½ payujjitabbo, so ca imasmi½ paµhaman±mapayogeev±ti gahetabba½. “Itthann±mo”ti ida½ aniyamato tassa n±madassana½, ubhayenapiaya½ buddharakkhitoti-±din±ma½ dasseti. “Upasampad±pekkho”ti bhinn±dhikaraºavisayebahubb²hisam±so, upasampada½ me saªgho apekkham±noti attho. Tassa ca upajjh±yata½ samaªgibh±venadassetu½ “itthann±massa ±yasmato”ti vutta½. Etena “aya½ buddharakkhito ±yasmatodhammarakkhitassa saddhivih±rikabh³to upasampad±pekkho”ti evam±din± nayena n±mayojan±yasaha attho dassito. Ettha ca “±yasmato”ti pada½ avatv±pi “aya½ buddharakkhito dhammarakkhitassaupasampad±pekkho”ti vattu½ vaµµati. Teneva p±¼iya½ “itthann±mena upajjh±yen±”tiettha “±yasmato”ti pada½ na vutta½. Yañcettha vattabba½, ta½ heµµh± vuttameva.

Nanu cettha upajjh±yopi upasampad±pekkho viya hatthap±se µhito eva icchitabbo, atha kasm±“aya½ itthann±mo imassa itthann±massa upasampad±pekkho”ti eva½ upajjh±yassa n±mapar±masanepiida½-saddappayogo na katoti? N±ya½ virodho upajjh±yassa abh±vepi kammakop±bh±vato.Kevalañhi kammanibbattiy± santapadavasena avijjam±nassapi upajjh±yassa n±makittana½anupajjh±yassa upasampad±d²supi kar²yati, tasm± upajjh±yassa asannihit±yapi tappar±masanamattenevakammasiddhito “imass±”ti niddisitu½ na vaµµat²ti.

Parisuddho antar±yikehi dhammeh²ti abhabbatt±dikehi upasampad±ya avatthukarehi cevapañc±b±dhahatthacchinn±d²hi ±pattikarehi ca antar±yikasabh±vehi parimutto. Eva½vutte eva ±pattimattakarehi pañc±b±dh±d²hi aparimuttassapi upasampad±ruhati, n±ññath±. Paripuººassa pattac²varanti paripuººamassa upasampad±pekkhassapattac²vara½. Eva½ vutte eva apattac²varassapi upasampad± ruhati, n±ññath±. Upasampada½y±cat²ti “saªgha½, bhante, upasampada½ y±c±m²”ti-±din± (mah±va. 126) y±c±pitabh±va½sandh±ya vutta½. Eva½ tena saªghe ay±citepi “itthann±mo saªgha½ upasampada½ y±cat²”tivutte eva kamma½ avipanna½ hoti, n±ññath±. Upajjh±yen±ti upajjh±yena karaºabh³tena,itthann±ma½ upajjh±ya½ katv± kammabh³ta½ upasampada½ d±tu½ nipph±detu½ kattubh³ta½saªgha½ y±cat²ti attho. Y±cadh±tuno pana dvikammakatt± “saªgha½ upasampadan”ti dvekammapad±ni vutt±ni.

Yadi saªghassa pattakallanti ettha patto k±lo imassa kammass±ti pattak±la½, apalokan±dicatubbidha½saªghagaºakamma½, tadeva sakatthe ya-paccayena “pattakallan”ti vuccati. Idha pana ñatticatuttha-upasampad±kamma½adhippeta½, ta½ k±tu½ saªghassa pattakalla½ j±ta½. Yad²ti anumatigahaºavasena kammassapattakallata½ ñ±peti, yo hi koci tattha apattakallata½ maññissati, so vakkhati. Imamevahi attha½ sandh±ya anuss±van±su “yass±yasmato khamati…pe… so bh±seyy±”ti (mah±va.127) vutta½. Tadeta½ pattakalla½ vatthusampad±, antar±yikehi dhammehi cassa parisuddhat±,s²m±sampad±, paris±sampad±, pubbakiccaniµµh±nanti imehi pañcahi aªgehi saªgahita½.

Tattha vatthusampad± n±ma yath±vuttehi ek±dasa-abhabbapuggalehi ceva antimavatthu-ajjh±pannehica añño paripuººav²sativasso anupasampannabh³to manussapuriso. Etasmiñhi puggale sati eva ida½ saªghassa upasampad±kamma½ pattakalla½ n±ma hoti, n±sati,katañca kuppameva hoti.

Antar±yikehi dhammehi cassa parisuddhat± n±ma yath±vuttasseva upasampad±vatthubh³tassa puggalassaye ime bhagavat± paµikkhitt± pañc±b±dhaphuµµhat±dayo m±t±pit³hi ananuññ±tat±pa-ayos±n±ceva hatthacchinn±dayo ca dosadhamm± k±rakasaªghassa ±patt±di-antar±yahetut±ya “antar±yik±”tivuccanti, tehi antar±yikehi dosadhammehi parimuttat±, imiss± ca sati eva ida½kamma½ pattakalla½ n±ma hoti, n±sati, kata½ pana kamma½ sukatameva hoti µhapetv±³nav²sativassa½ puggala½.

S²m±sampad± pana uposathakkhandhake (mah±va. 138 ±dayo) vakkham±nanayena sabbadosarahit±yabaddh±baddhavaseneva duvidh±ya s²m±ya vasena veditabb±. T±dis±ya hi s²m±ya sati eva ida½kamma½ pattakalla½ n±ma hoti, n±sati, katañca kamma½ vipajjati.

Paris±sampad± pana ye ime upasampad±kammassa sabbantimena paricchedena kammappatt± dasahiv± pañcahi v± an³n±p±r±jika½ an±pann± anukkhitt± ca sam±nasa½v±sak± bhikkh³,tesa½ ekas²m±ya hatthap±sa½ avijahitv± µh±na½, chand±rah±nañca chandassa ±nayana½, sammukh²bh³t±nañcaappaµikosana½, upasampad±pekkharahit±na½ uposathakkhandhake paµikkhitt±na½ gahaµµh±di-anupasampann±nañcevap±r±jikukkhittakan±n±sa½v±sakabhikkhun²nañca vajjan²yapuggal±na½ saªghassa hatthap±se abh±voc±ti imehi cat³hi aªgehi saªgahit±. Evar³p±ya ca paris±sampad±ya sati eva ida½ pattakalla½n±ma hoti, n±sati. Tattha purim±na½ tiººa½ aªg±na½ aññatarassapi abh±ve kata½ kamma½vipajjati, na pacchimassa.

Pubbakiccaniµµh±na½ n±ma y±nim±ni “paµhama½ upajjha½ g±h±petabbo”ti-±din±p±¼iya½ (mah±va. 126) vutt±ni “upajjh±g±h±pana½, pattac²var±cikkhaºa½, tato ta½hatthap±sato bahi pesetv± anus±sakasammutikammakaraºa½, sammatena ca gantv± anus±sana½,tena ca paµhamatara½ ±gantv± saªghassa ñatti½ ñ±petv± upasampad±pekkha½ ‘±gacch±h²’tihatthap±se eva abbh±na½, tena bhikkh³na½ p±de vand±petv± upasampad±y±c±pana½, tatoantar±yikadhammapucchakasammutikammakaraºa½, sammatena ca pucchanan”ti im±ni aµµhapubbakicc±ni, tesa½ sabbesa½ y±th±vato karaºena niµµh±na½. Etasmiñca pubbakiccaniµµh±panesati eva ida½ saªghassa upasampad±kamma½ pattakalla½ n±ma hoti, n±sati. Etesu pana pubbakammesuakatesupi kata½ kamma½ yath±vuttesu vatthusampatti-±d²su vijjam±nesu akuppamevahoti. Tadevamettha pattakalla½ imehi pañcahi aªgehi saªgahitanti veditabba½. Imin±vanayena heµµh± vuttesu, vakkham±nesu ca sabbesu kammesu pattakallat± yath±raha½ yojetv±ñ±tabb±.

Itthann±ma½ upasamp±deyy±ti upasampad±nipph±danena ta½samaªgi½ kareyya karot³tipatthan±ya½, vidhimhi v± ida½ daµµhabba½. Yath± hi “devadatta½ sukh±peyy±”ti vuttesukhamassa nipph±detv± ta½ sukhasamaªgina½ kareyy±ti attho hoti, evamidh±pi upasampadamassanipph±detv± ta½ upasampad±samaªgina½ kareyy±ti attho. Payojakaby±p±re ceta½.Yath± sukhayanta½ kiñci suddhakatt±ra½ koci hetukatt± sukhahetunipph±danena sukh±peyy±tivuccati, evamidh±pi upasampajjanta½ suddhakatt±ra½ puggala½ hetukattubh³to saªgho upasampad±hetunipph±danenaupasamp±deyy±ti vutto. Etena ca sukha½ viya sukhad±yakena saªghena puggalassa d²yam±n±tath±pavattaparamatthadhamme up±d±ya ariyajanapaññatt± upasampad± n±ma sammutisaccat±atth²ti samatthita½ hoti. Ettha ca “itthann±mo saªgha½ upasampada½ y±cat²”ti (mah±va.127) vuttatt± pariv±s±d²su viya y±can±nuguºa½ “itthann±massa upasampada½ dadeyy±”tiavatv± “itthann±ma½ upasamp±deyy±”ti vuttatt± ida½ upasampad±kamma½ d±ne asaªgahetv±kammalakkhaºe eva saªgahitanti daµµhabba½. Imin± nayena “itthann±ma½ upasamp±deti, upasampannosaªghen±”ti etth±pi attho veditabbo. Kevalañhi tattha vattam±nak±la-at²tak±lavasena,idha pana an±maµµhak±lavasen±ti ettakameva viseso.

Es± ñatt²ti “saªgho ñ±petabbo”ti vuttañ±pan± es±. Idañca anuss±van±nampi sabbh±vas³canattha½vuccati. Avassañceta½ vattabbameva. Ñattikamme eva ta½ na vattabba½. Tattha pana yya-k±revuttamatte eva ñattikamma½ niµµhita½ hot²ti daµµhabba½. Khamat²ti ruccati. Upasampad±tisaªghena d²yam±n± nipph±diyam±n± upasampad±, yassa khamati, so tuºhass±ti yojan±.Tuºh²ti ca akathanatthe nip±to, akathanako assa bhaveyy±ti attho. Khamati saªghassaitthann±massa upasampad±ti pakatena sambandho. Tattha k±raºam±ha “tasm± tuºh²”ti.Tattha “±s²”ti seso. Yasm± “yassa nakkhamati, so bh±seyy±”ti tikkhattu½ vuccam±nopisaªgho tuºh² niravo ahosi, tasm± khamati saªghass±ti attho. Evanti imin± pak±rena.Tuºh²bh±veneveta½ saªghassa ruccanabh±va½ dh±ray±mi, bujjh±mi j±n±m²ti attho. Iti-saddoparisam±panatthe kato, so ca kammav±c±ya anaªga½, tasm± anuss±vakena “dh±ray±m²”tiettha mi-k±rapariyos±nameva vatv± niµµhapetabba½, iti-saddo na payujjitabboti daµµhabba½.Imin± nayena sabbakammav±c±namattho veditabbo.

Ekaporis± v±ti-±di satt±na½ sar²rach±ya½ p±dehi minitv± j±nanappak±radassana½.Chasattapadaparimit± hi ch±y± “poris±”ti vuccati, idañca utuppam±º±cikkhaº±dica ±gantukehi saddhi½ v²ma½sitv± vu¹¹hanavabh±va½ ñatv± vandanavand±pan±dikaraºattha½ vutta½.Eti ±gacchati, gacchati c±ti utu, sova pam²yate anena sa½vaccharanti pam±ºanti ±ha “utuyevautuppam±ºan”ti. Aparipuºº±ti upasampad±divasena aparipuºº±. Yadi utuvemajjheupasamp±dito, tad± tasmi½ utumhi avasiµµhadivas±cikkhaºa½ divasabh±g±cikkhaºanti dasseti.Ten±ha “yattakehi divasehi yassa yo utu aparipuººo, te divase”ti. Tattha yassataªkhaºa½ laddh³pasampadassa puggalassa sambandh² yo utu yattakehi divasehi aparipuººo,te divaseti yojan±.

Ch±y±dikameva sabba½ saªgahetv± g±yitabbato kathetabbato saªg²t²ti ±ha “idamev±”ti-±di.Tattha ekato katv± ±cikkhitabba½. Tva½ ki½ labhas²ti tva½ upasamp±danak±le kataravassa½,katara-utuñca labhasi, katarasmi½ te upasampad± laddh±ti attho. Vassanti vass±na-utu,idañca sa½vacchar±cikkhaºa½ vin± vuttampi na viññ±yat²ti imin± utu-±cikkhaºenevas±sanavassesu v± kaliyugavass±d²su v± sahassime v± satime v± asuka-utu½ labh±m²tidassitanti daµµhabba½. Ch±y±ti ida½ p±¼iya½ ±gatapaµip±µi½ sandh±ya vutta½, vattabbakammatopana kaliyugavass±d²su sabbadesapasiddhesu asukavasse asuka-utumhi asukam±se asukakaºhev± sukke v± pakkhe asuke tithiv±ravisesayutte pubbaºh±didivasabh±ge ettakech±y±pam±ºe, n±¹ik±pam±ºe v± may± upasampad± laddh±ti vadeyy±s²ti eva½ ±cikkhitabba½.Ida½ suµµhu uggahetv± ±gantukehi vu¹¹hapaµip±µi½ ñatv± paµipajj±h²tivattabba½. Iti ettako kath±maggo vimativinodaniya½ ±gato. Vajirabuddhiµ²k±nayopana ekacco idheva saªgaha½ gato, ekacco asanniµµh±navinicchayatt± sa½sayahetuko hoti,tasm± idha na gahitoti.

Iti vinayasaªgahasa½vaººan±bh³te vinay±laªk±re

Upasampad±vinicchayakath±laªk±ro.