Ekacce pana bhikkh³ por±ºasikkha½ paccakkh±ya navasikkhameva gaºhi½su, te pana bhikkh³ navasikkh±vasenadahar±va bhavanti, eva½ karaºañca ativiya guºavisiµµha½ attano navakatara½ bhikkhu½disv± tasmi½ puggale payirup±situk±mo ta½ puggala½ attan± vu¹¹hatara½ k±tuk±moatt±na½ dahara½ k±tuk±mo hutv± dhammag±ravena karonto yutto bhaveyya. Atha pana sikkh±sampanna½ kattuk±mo eva½ kareyya, sikkh± n±ma pañcaªgasamann±gate sati sampajjati, s²lavisuddhiyevak±raºa½ hoti, tasm± yadi purimasikkh± aµµhit± bhaveyya, paccakkh±nakicca½ natthi, sayamevapatit± hoti. Purimasikkh±ya µhit±ya sati vibbhamituk±moyeva paccakkh±na½ kareyya,na bhikkhubhavituk±mo, so pana catup±risuddhis²lameva parisuddha½ kareyya, tasm± por±ºasikkh±yapaccakkh±na½ ayutta½ viya dissati. Tato por±ºasikkha½ paccakkh±ya navasikkh±gahaºato punappuna½karaºa½yeva yuttatara½ dissati. Kasm±? Por±ºasikkha½ paccakkh±ya navasikkh±gahaºe purimakamma½asampajjitv± pacchimakammasampajjane sati kiñc±pi purimasikkh± natthi, y± paccakkh±tabb±,tath±pi navasikkh±ya sampajjitatt± doso natthi, daharabh±va½ pattopi yuttar³poyeva.

Yadi purimakammampi pacchimakammampi sampajjatiyeva, eva½ sati purimasikkh±ya paccakkh±na½niratthaka½. Pacchimasikkh±ya µhitopi daharabh±va½ pattatt± ayuttar³po. Yadi pana purimakammamevasampajjati, na pacchimakamma½, eva½ sati pubbe µhitapor±ºasikkh±pi paccakkh±nena patit±.Pacchimasikkh±pi pacchimakammassa pañcanna½ vipatt²na½ aññatarena yogato na sampajjati, tasm±purimasikkh±ya ca patitatt± pacchimasikkh±ya ca aladdhatt± ubhato bhaµµhatt± ayuttova hoti.Por±ºasikkha½ appaccakkh±ya navasikkh±gahaºe pana sati purimakamma½ sampanna½ hutv± pacchimakamma½asampanna½ hontampi purimasikkh±ya patiµµhitoyeva, purima½ asampanna½ hutv± pacchima½ sampannampi pacchimasikkh±ya µhito eva. Purimapacchimakammadvayampi pañcahaªgehi sampannampida¼hikammathiratarabh³t±ya purimasikkh±ya µhitoyeva so bhikkhu hoti, tasm± purimasikkha½paccakkh±ya navasikkh±gahaºato purimasikkha½ appaccakkh±ya punappuna½ navasikkh±gahaºa½ yuttatara½hot²ti daµµhabba½.

Ima½ pana punappuna½ karont±na½ ±cariy±na½ v±da½ amanasikaront± aññe ±cariy± anekappak±ra½anicchitakatha½ kathenti. Katha½? Ekacce ther± eva½ vadanti “ki½ ime bhikkh³eva½ karont± p±r±jikappatta½ bhikkhu½ puna sikkh±ya patiµµh±pess±m±ti maññant²”ti.Te ther± punappuna½ kammav±ca½ bhaºante bhikkh³ disv± “ime bhikkh³ imin± k±raºenaeva½ karont²”ti cintetv± evam±ha½su. Ekacce pana ther± “kasm± ime bhikkh³punappuna½ karonti, yath± n±ma asani ekav±rameva patant² satte j²vitakkhaya½ p±peti,evameva bhagavato ±º±bh³t± kammav±c± ekav±ra½ bhaºam±n± kamma½ sijjh±peti, na anekav±ran”ti,tepi “kammasijjhanatth±ya punappuna½ bhaºant²”ti cintetv± evam±ha½su. Bahavo panabhikkh³ punappuna½ karonte disv± eva½ vadanti “ime bhikkh³ ±cariyupajjh±yehidinnasikkha½ asaddahant± eva½ karonti, ±cariyupajjh±yaguº±par±dhak± ete samaº±”ti.Te “pubbasikkha½ asaddahitv± punappuna½ karont²”ti maññant± evam±ha½su.

Apare pana ther± “paµhama½ upasampadakammav±c±bhaºanak±leyeva punappuna½ vattabba½, na aparabh±ge”ti,tattha k±raºa½ heµµh± vuttameva. Aññe evam±ha½su “ñattidutiyakammav±c±yameva punappuna½vattabbanti aµµhakath±ya½ vutta½, na ñatticatutthakamme, atha ca panime bhikkh³ ñatticatutthakammabh³t±yaupasampadakammav±c±ya punappuna½ karonti, eta½ aµµhakath±ya na samet²”ti, ta½ n²tatthamevagahetv± vadi½su. Neyyatthato pana imin± nayena cat³supi kammesu punappuna½k±tabbanti dasseti. Kammasaªkarameva hi ñattidutiyakamme visesato vadati, punappuna½vattabbabh±vo pana sabbes³ti daµµhabbo. Teneva hi ñatticatutthakammav±c±ya upasampannaµµh±neyevapubbe anupasampannassa puggalassa pacch± upasampajjitabbabh±vo aµµhakath±ya½ vuttoti.

Paµipucch±karaº²y±d²sup²ti ettha ±disaddena paµi½ññ±ya karaº²y±dayo saªgaºh±ti.Tattha paµipucch±ya karaº²ya½ appaµipucch± karot²ti pucchitv± codetv± s±retv±k±tabba½ apucchitv± acodetv± as±retv± karoti. Paµiññ±ya karaº²ya½ appaµiññ±yakarot²ti paµiñña½ ±ropetv± yath±dinn±ya paµiññ±ya k±tabba½ apaµiññ±ya paµiñña½akarontassa vilapantassa balakk±rena karoti. Sativinay±rahass±ti dabbamallaputtattherasadisassakh²º±savassa. Am³¼havinay±rahass±ti gaggabhikkhusadisassa ummattakassa. Tassap±piyasikakamm±rahass±tiupav±¼abhikkhusadisassa ussannap±passa. Tajjan²yakamm±rahass±ti paº¹akalohitakabhikkhusadisassabhaº¹anak±rakassa. Niyasakamm±rahass±ti seyyasakabhikkhusadisassa abhiºh±pattikassa.Pabb±jan²yakamm±rahass±ti assajipunabbasukabhikkhusadisassa kulad³sakassa. Paµis±raº²yakamm±rahass±tisudhammabhikkhusa-asassa up±sake j±ti-±d²hi d³sentassa. Ukkhepan²yakamm±rahass±tichannabhikkhusadisassa ±patti½ apassantassa ±patti½ adesentassa ariµµhabhikkhusadisassa micch±diµµhi½avissajjentassa. Pariv±s±rahass±ti paµicchannasaªgh±dises±pattikassa. M³l±yapaµikassan±rahass±tiantar±patti½ ±pannassa. M±natt±rahanti appaµicchannasaªgh±dises±pattika½. Abbh±n±rahanti ciººam±natta½ bhikkhu½. Upasamp±det²ti upasampadakamma½ karoti.

Anuposathe uposatha½ karot²ti anuposathadivase uposatha½ karoti.Uposathadivaso n±ma µhapetv± kattikam±sa½ avasesesu ek±dasasu m±sesu bhinnassa saªghassas±maggidivaso ca yath±vutt± c±tuddasapannaras± ca, eta½ tippak±rampi uposathadivasa½ µhapetv±aññasmi½ divase uposatha½ karonto anuposathe uposatha½ karoti n±ma. Yatra hi pattac²var±di-atth±yaappamattakena k±raºena vivadant± uposatha½ v± pav±raºa½ v± µhapenti, tattha tasmi½ adhikaraºevinicchite “samagg± j±tamh±”ti antar± s±magg²-uposatha½ k±tu½ na labhanti, karontehianuposathe uposatho kato n±ma hoti.

Appav±raº±ya pav±ret²ti appav±raºadivase pav±reti. Pav±raºadivaso n±ma ekasmi½kattikam±se bhinnassa saªghassa s±maggidivaso ca paccukka¹¹hitv± µhapitadivaso ca dve capuººam±siyo, eta½ catubbidha½ pav±raºadivasa½ µhapetv± aññasmi½ divase pav±rento appav±raº±yapav±reti n±ma. Idh±pi appamattakassa viv±dassa v³pasame s±magg²pav±raºa½ k±tu½na labhanti. Karontehi appav±raº±ya pav±raº± kat± hot²ti aya½ aµµhakath±p±µho (pari.aµµha. 483).

“Ummattakassa bhikkhuno ummattakasammuti ummattakena y±citv± kate asammukh±pi d±tu½vaµµati, tattha nisinnepi na kuppati niyam±bh±vato. Asammukh± kate pana dos±bh±va½dassetu½ ‘asammukh± kata½ sukata½ hot²’ti vutta½. D³tena upasampad± pana sammukh±k±tu½ na sakk± kammav±c±n±nattasambhavato. Pattanikkujjan±dayo hatthap±sato apan²tamattepik±tu½ vaµµanti. Saªghasammukhat±ti-±d²su y±vatik± bhikkh³ kammappatt±, te ±gat±honti, chand±rah±na½ chando ±hato hoti, sammukh²bh³t± na paµikkosanti,aya½ saªghasammukhat±. Yena dhammena yena vinayena yena satthus±sanena saªgho kamma½ karoti,aya½ dhammasammukhat± vinayasammukhat±. Tattha dhammoti bh³ta½ vatthu. Vinayoticodan± ceva s±raº± ca. Satthus±sana½ n±ma ñattisampad± ceva anuss±vanasampad± ca. Yassa saªgho kamma½ karoti, tassa sammukh±bh±vo puggalasammukhat±. Kattikam±sassapav±raºam±satt± ‘µhapetv± kattikam±san’ti vutta½. Paccukka¹¹hitv± µhapitadivasoc±ti k±¼apakkhe c±tuddasi½ pannarasi½ v± sandh±ya vutta½. Dve puººam±siyotipaµhamapacchimavass³pagat±na½ vasena vuttan”ti s±ratthad²paniya½ (s±rattha. µ². pariv±ra3.483) ±gata½.

“Ýhapita-uposathapav±raº±na½ kattikam±se s±maggiy± kat±ya s±magg²pav±raºa½ muñcitv±uposatha½ k±tu½ na vaµµat²ti ±ha ‘µhapetv± kattikam±san’ti. Sace pana tesa½n±n±s²m±su mah±pav±raº±ya visu½ pav±rit±na½ kattikam±sabbhantare s±magg² hoti,s±magg²-uposatho eva tehi k±tabbo, na pav±raº± ekasmi½ vasse katapav±raº±na½ puna pav±raº±yaavihitatt±. S±magg²divaso hot²ti anuposathadivase s±magg²karaºa½ sandh±ya vutta½.Sace pana c±tuddasiya½ pannarasiya½ v± saªgho s±maggi½ karoti, tad± s±magg²-uposathadivasona hoti, c±tuddas²pannaras²-uposathova hoti. Upari pav±raº±yapi eseva nayo. Paccukka¹¹hitv±µhapitadivaso c±ti bhaº¹anak±rakehi upaddut± v± kenacideva karaº²yena pav±raºasaªgaha½v± katv± µhapito k±¼apakkhac±tuddas²divaso ca. Dve ca puººam±siyoti pubbakattikapuººam±pacchimakattikapuººam± c±ti dve puººam±siyo. Eta½ catubbidhantipuººam±sidvayena saddhi½ s±magg²pav±raºa½ c±tuddas²pav±raºañca sampiº¹etv±, idañcapakatic±rittavasena vutta½. Tath±r³papaccaye pana sati ubhinna½ puººam±s²na½ purim±dve c±tuddasiyo, k±¼apakkhac±tuddasiy± anantar± pannaras²p²ti imepi tayo divas± pav±raº±divas±ev±ti ima½ sattavidhampi pav±raº±divasa½ µhapetv± aññasmi½ divase pav±retu½ na vaµµat²”tivimativinodaniya½ (vi. vi. µ². pariv±ra 2.483) ±gata½.

Eva½ vatthuvipattivinicchaya½ dassetv± id±ni ñattivipattivinicchaya½ anuss±vanavipattivinicchayañcadassento “ñattito vipattiya½ pan±”ti-±dim±ha. Tattha pañcamañattivipattiya½ “pacch±v± ñatti½ µhapet²”ti etassa sa½vaººan±ya½ anuss±vanakamma½ katv±ti paµhama½ anuss±vana½s±vetv± “es± ñatt²”ti anuss±van±nantarameva sakala½ ñatti½ vatv±, pariyos±ne“es± ñatt²”ti vatv±ti adhipp±yo.

252. Catuttha-anuss±vanavipattisa½vaººan±ya½ “yv±yanti byañjanappabhedo adhippeto.Dasadh± byañjanabuddhiy± pabhedoti ettha dasadh± dasavidhena byañjan±na½ pabhedoti yojetabba½.Ken±ya½ pabhedoti ±ha ‘byañjanabuddhiy±’ti. Yath±dhippetatthabyañjanato byañjanasaªkh±t±na½akkhar±na½ janik± buddhi byañjanabuddhi, t±ya byañjanabuddhiy±, akkharasamuµµh±pakacittabhedenev±tiattho. Ya½ v± sa½yogapara½ katv± vuccati, idampi garukanti yojan±”ti vimativinodaniya½vutta½.

S±ratthad²paniya½ (s±rattha. µ². pariv±ra 3.485) pana “µh±nakaraº±ni sithil±ni katv±ucc±retabbamakkhara½ sithila½, t±niyeva dhanit±ni asithil±ni katv± ucc±retabbamakkhara½dhanita½. Dvimattak±la½ d²gha½, ekamattak±la½ rassa½. Dasadh± byañjanabuddhiy±pabhedoti eva½ sithil±divasena byañjanabuddhiy± akkharupp±dakacittassa dasappak±rena abhedo. Sabb±ni hi akkhar±ni cittasamuµµh±n±ni yath±dhippetatthabyañjanato byañjan±nica. Sa½yogo paro etasm±ti sa½yogaparo. Na sa½yogaparo asa½yogaparo ‘±yasmato buddharakkhitatherassayassa na khamat²’ti ettha ta-k±ra na-k±rasahit±ro asa½yogaparo. Karaº±n²ti kaºµh±d²ni”iti ettaka½ vutta½.

Puna vimativinodaniya½ (vi. vi. µ². pariv±ra 2.485) “tattha ±yasmatoti-±d²susar±nantarit±ni sa-k±ra ma-k±r±dibyañjan±ni ‘sa½yogo’ti vuccanti. Yo sa½yogoparo yassa a-k±r±dino, so sa½yogaparo n±ma. Rassanti a-k±r±dibyañjanarahita½pada½. Asa½yogaparanti ‘yassa na khamat²’ti-±d²su sa-k±ra na-k±r±dibyañjanasahita½pada½ sandh±ya vutta½. Ta-k±rassa tha-k±ra½ akatv± ‘suº±tu me’ti-±di½ avatv± vaggantaresithilameva katv± ‘suº±µu me’ti-±di½ vadantopi durutta½ karotiyeva µhapetv± anur³pa½±desa½. Yañhi ‘saccikatthaparamatthen±’ti vattabbe ‘saccikaµµhaparamaµµhen±’ti ca ‘atthakath±’tica vattabbe ‘aµµhakath±’ti ca tattha tattha vuccati, t±disa½ p±¼i-aµµhakath±d²su diµµhapayoga½tadanur³pañca vattu½ vaµµati, tato añña½ na vaµµati. Ten±ha ‘anukkam±gata½ paveºi½ avin±senten±’ti-±di.‘D²ghe vattabbe rassan’ti-±d²su ‘bhikkh³nan’ti vattabbe ‘bhikkhunan’ti v± ‘bah³s³’tivattabbe ‘bahus³’ti v± ‘nakkhamat²’ti vattabbe ‘na khamat²’ti v± ‘upasampad±pekkho’tivattabbe ‘upasampad±pekho’ti v± eva½ anur³paµµh±nesu eva d²gharass±dirassad²gh±divasenaparivattetu½ vaµµati, na pana ‘n±go’ti vattabbe ‘nago’ti v± ‘saªgho’ti vattabbe ‘sagho’ti v± ‘tisso’ti vattabbe ‘tiso’ti v± ‘y±cat²’ti vattabbe ‘y±cant²’ti v± eva½ananur³paµµh±nesu vattu½ Sambandha½ pana vavatth±nañca sabbath±pi vaµµat²tigahetabban”ti ±gata½. Ses±ni aµµhakath±ya½ vuttanayeneva suµµhu sallakkhetabb±ni.