Garuk±na½ dvinnanti p±r±jikasaªgh±dises±na½. Micch±diµµhi n±ma “natthi dinnan”ti-±dinayappavatt± (ma. ni. 1.445; 2.94, 95, 225; 3.91, 116, 136; sa½. ni. 3.210) dasavatthuk± diµµhi, sassatucchedasaªkh±ta½ anta½ gaºh±pakadiµµhi antagg±hik± n±ma. ¾j²vahetu paññatt±na½ channanti ±j²vahetupi ±pajjitabb±na½ uttarimanussadhammap±r±jika½ (p±r±. 195), sañcaritte (p±r±. 301, 302) saªgh±diseso, “yo te vih±re vasati, so arah±”ti (p±r±. 220) pariy±yena thullaccaya½, bhikkhussa paº²tabhojanaviññattiy± p±cittiya½ (p±ci. 257), bhikkhuniy±paº²tabhojanaviññattiy± p±µidesan²ya½ (p±ci. 1236), s³podanaviññattiy± (p±ci. 612-613) dukkaµanti imesa½ pariv±re (pari. 287) vutt±na½ channa½. Na het± ±pattiyo ±j²vahetu eva paññatt± sañcaritt±d²na½ aññath±pi ±pajjitabbato. ¾j²vahetupi et±sa½ ±pajjana½ sandh±ya eva½ vutta½, ±j²vahetupi paññatt±nanti attho. Na kevalañca et± eva, aññ±pi adinn±d±nakulad³sanap±ºavadhavejjakamm±divasena ±j²vahetu ±pajjitabb±pi santi, t± pana ±pattisabha-±gat±ya p±r±jik±d²su chasu eva saªgayhant²ti visu½ na vutt±ti veditabb±.

Ett±vat± pana s²sa½ na et²ti saªgh±disesa½ sandh±ya vutta½, codan± pana kat± eva hoti. Ti½s±n²ti ti½sa½ etesamatth²ti ti½s±ni, ti½s±dhik±n²ti vutta½ hoti. Navut±n²ti etth±pi eseva nayo.

Att±d±na½ ±d±tuk±men±ti ettha attan± ±d±tabbato diµµh±dim³lakehi gahetabbato parassa vipphanditu½ adatv± paggaºhanato att±d±nanti codan± vuccati, ta½ ±d±tuk±mena, codana½ kattuk±men±ti attho.

Ubb±hik±y±ti ubbahanti viyojenti et±ya alajj²na½ tajjani½ v± kalaha½ v±ti ubb±hik±, saªghasammuti, t±ya. Vinicchinana½ n±ma t±ya sammatabhikkh³hi vinicchananameva. Alajjussann±ya hi paris±ya samathakkhandhake (c³¼ava. 227) ±gatehi dasaªgehi samann±gat± dve tayo bhikkh³ tattheva vutt±ya ñattidutiyakammav±c±ya sammannitabb±, tehi ca sammatehi visu½ v± nis²ditv±, tass± eva v± paris±ya “aññehi na kiñci kathetabban”ti s±vetv± ta½ adhikaraºa½ vinicchitabba½.

Kimh²ti kismi½ vatthusmi½, kataravipattiyanti attho. “Kimhi na½ n±m±”ti ida½ “katar±ya vipattiy± eta½ codes²”ti y±ya k±yaci viññ±yam±n±ya bh±s±ya vuttepi codakassa vinaye apakataññut±ya “s²l±c±radiµµhi-±j²vavipatt²su katar±y±ti ma½ pucchat²”ti ñ±tu½ asakkontassa pucch±, na pana kimh²ti-±dipadatthamatta½ aj±nantassa. Na hi anuvijjako codaka½ b±la½ aparicitabh±s±ya “kimhi nan”ti pucchati. “Kimhi nampi na j±n±s²”ti idampi vacanamatta½ sandh±ya vutta½ na hoti, “kataravipattiy±”ti vutte “asuk±ya vipattiy±”ti vattumpi na j±n±s²ti vacanassa adhipp±yameva sandh±ya vuttanti gahetabba½. Teneva vakkhati “b±lassa lajjissa nayo d±tabbo”ti vatv± ca “kimhi na½ codes²ti s²lavipattiy±”ti-±di adhipp±yappak±sanameva nayad±na½ vutta½, na pana kimhi-na½-pad±na½ pariy±yamattadassana½. Na hi b±lo “kataravipattiya½ na½ codes²”ti imassa vacanassa atthe ñ±tepi vipattippabhedana½, attan± codiyam±na½ vipattisar³pañca j±nitu½ sakkoti, tasm± teneva aj±nanena alajj² apas±detabbo. “Kimhi nan”ti idampi upalakkhaºamatta½, aññena v± yena kenaci ±k±rena aviññuta½ pak±setv± vissajjetabbova.

“Dummaªk³na½ puggal±na½ niggah±y±”ti-±divacanato (p±r±. 39; pari. 2) “alajj²niggahatth±ya…pe… paññattan”ti vutta½. Ehit²ti hi-k±ro ettha ±gamo daµµhabbo, ±gamissat²ti attho. Diµµhasant±nen±ti diµµhaniy±mena. Alajjissa paµiññ±ya eva k±tabbanti vacanapaµivacanakkameneva dose ±vibh³tepi alajjissa “asuddhohan”ti dosasampaµicchanapa-aññ±ya eva ±pattiy± k±tabbanti attho. Keci pana “alajjissa eta½ natth²ti suddhapaµiññ±ya eva an±pattiy± k±tabbanti ayamettha attho saªgahito”ti vadanti, ta½ na yutta½ anuvijjakasseva niratthakatt±pattito codakeneva alajjipaµiññ±ya µh±tabbato. Dos±pagamapaµiññ± eva hi idha paµiññ±ti adhippet±. Teneva vakkhati “etampi natth²ti paµiñña½ na det²”ti-±di (p±r±. aµµha. 2.385-386).

Tadatthad²panatthanti alajjissa dose ±vibh³tepi tassa dos±pagamapaµiññ±ya eva k±tabbat±d²panattha½. Viv±davatthusaªkh±te atthe paccatthik± atthapaccatthik±. Sañña½ datv±ti nesa½ kath±pacchedattha½, abhimukhakaraºatthañca sadda½ katv±. Vinicchinitu½ ananucchavikoti “asuddho”ti saññ±ya codakapakkhe paviµµhatt± anuvijjakabh±vato bahibh³tatt± anuvijjitu½ asakkuºeyyata½ sandh±ya vutta½. Sandehe eva hi sati anuvijjitu½ sakk±, asuddhadiµµhiy± pana sati cuditakena vutta½ sabba½ asaccatopi paµibh±ti, katha½ tattha anuvijjan± siy±ti.

“Tath± n±sitakova bhavissat²”ti imin± vinicchaya½ adatv± saªghato viyojana½ n±ma liªgan±san± viya ayampi eko n±sanappak±roti dasseti. Viraddha½ hot²ti sañcicca ±patti½ sahas± ±panno hoti. “¾dito paµµh±ya alajj² n±ma natth²”ti ida½ “pakkh±nurakkhaºatth±ya paµiñña½ na det²”ti imassa alajjilakkhaºasambhavassa k±raºavacana½. Paµicch±ditak±lato paµµh±ya alajj² n±ma eva, purimo lajjibh±vo na rakkhat²ti attho. Paµiñña½ na det²ti sace may± katadosa½ vakkh±mi, mayha½ anuvattak± bhijjissant²ti paµiñña½ na deti. Ýh±ne na tiµµhat²ti lajjiµµh±ne na tiµµhati, k±yav±c±su v²tikkamo hoti ev±ti adhipp±yo. Ten±ha “vinicchayo na d±tabbo”ti, pubbe pakkhik±na½ paµiññ±ya v³pasamitass±pi adhikaraºassa duv³pasantat±ya ayampi tath± n±sitakova bhavissat²ti adhipp±yo.

Cuditakacodakesu paµipatti½ ñatv±ti “tumhe amh±ka½ vinicchayena tuµµh± bhavissath±”ti-±din± vutta½ cuditakacodakesu anuvijjakena paµipajjitabbakamma½ ñatv±. Vinicchayo majjheti ±patt²ti v± an±patt²ti v± vinicchayapariyos±na-anuvijjan±na½ majjha½ n±m±ti attho.

Am³lakampi sam³laka½ katv± vadant²ti ±ha “dve m³l±n²”ti. K±lena vakkh±m²ti-±d²su ok±sa½ k±r±petv± vadanto k±lena vadati n±ma. Sal±kaggay±gu-aggabhikkh±c±raµµh±n±d²su codento ak±lena vadati n±ma. Dosato vuµµh±petuk±mat±ya vadanto atthasa½hitena vadati n±ma. Dosantaroti dosacitto. Pannarasasu dhammes³ti “parisuddhak±yasama-±c±rat±, tath± vac²sam±c±rat±, sabrahmac±r²su mettacittat±, bahussutat±, ubhinna½ p±timokkh±na½ sv±gat±dit±, k±lena vakkh±m²”ti-±din± (pari. 362) vuttapañcadhamm± ca k±ruññat±, hitesit±, anukampat±, ±pattivuµµh±nat±, vinayapurekkh±rat±ti (c³¼ava. 401) imesu pannarasasu. Tattha “k±ruññat±”ti imin± karuº± dassit±. Hitesit±ti hitagavesanat±. Anukampat±ti tena hitena sa½yojanat±, imehi dv²hipi mett± dassit±. ¾pattivuµµh±nat±ti suddhante patiµµh±panat±. Vatthu½ codetv± s±retv± paµiñña½ ±ropetv± yath±paµiññ±ya kammakaraºa½ vinayapurekkh±rat± n±ma.

Adhikaraºaµµhen±ti adhik±tabbaµµhena, samathehi v³pasametabbaµµhen±ti attho. Ta½ n±natta½ dassetunti idha anadhippetampi atthuddh±ravasena ta½ n±natta½ dassetunti adhipp±yo. Teneva vakkhati “ses±ni atthuddh±ravasena vutt±n²”ti (p±r±. aµµha. 2.385-386). Ya½ adhikicc±ti-±din± adhikaraºasaddassa kammas±dhanat± vutt±.

G±hanti “asuka½ codess±m²”ti manas± codan±k±rassa gahaºa½. Cetananti “codess±m²”ti uppannacittaby±p±rasaªkh±ta½ cittakamma½. Akkhantinti cuditakassa vipatti½ disv± uppanna½ kodha½ asahana½, tath± pavatta½ v± ya½ kiñci cittacetasikar±si½. Voh±ranti codan±vasappavattavacana½. Paººattinti codan±vasappavatta½ manas± parikappita½ n±mapaººatti½. Att±d±na½ gahetv±ti codana½ manas± gahetv±. Ta½ adhikaraºanti ta½ g±halakkhaºa½ adhikaraºa½. Nirujjhati cetan±ya khaºikatt±, s± ca samathappatt± hot²ti evamettha aniµµhappasaªgo veditabbo. Eva½ uparipi “tuºh² hot²”ti imin± voh±ravacanassa nirodha½ dasseti. Ten±ha “ta½ adhikaraºa½ samathappatta½ bhavissat²”ti. “Tasm± paººatti adhikaraºan”ti aµµhakath±su katasanniµµh±na½ dassetv± id±ni tass±pi ekaccehi paµikkhittabh±va½ dassetv± puna tampi paµisedhetv± aµµhakath±su vuttapaººattiy± eva adhikaraºata½ samatthetu½ “ta½ panetan”ti-±dim±ha. Tattha ta½ panetanti paººatti adhikaraºanti eta½ gahaºa½ virujjhat²ti sambandho. P±r±jik±di-±patti ekanta-akusalasabh±v± v± aby±katasabh±v± v± hot²ti saññ±ya “methunadhammap±r±jik±patt²”ti-±dika½ sutta½ paººatti-adhikaraºav±dena virujjhat²ti dassetu½ uddhaµa½. Ten±ha “na hi te…pe… accanta-akusalatt±”ti-±di. Teti aµµhakath±cariy±.

Am³lakañceva ta½ adhikaraºanti ettha am³lakap±r±jikameva adhikaraºa-saddena adhippetanti dassetu½ “yañcetan”ti-±di vutta½. Yasm± pan±ti-±di pana idh±dhippet±ya am³lakap±r±jik±pattiy± eva paººattibh±vo yujjat²ti dassetu½ ±raddha½. Tattha y±ya paººattiy±ti sabh±vato parisuddhepi puggale “p±r±jiko”ti-±din± codakena pavattita½ n±mapaººatti½ sandh±ya vadati. Paññattoti kathito. Adhikaraºe pavattatt±ti avijjam±nepi manas± ±ropitamatte ±patt±dhikaraºe v±cakabh±vena pavattatt±.

Eva½ n±mapaººattivasena imasmi½ sikkh±pade ±patt±dhikaraºassa paññattibh±va½ dassetv± id±ni atthapaººattivasen±pi dassetu½ “yasm± v±yan”ti-±di vutta½. Paññattimattamev±ti avijjam±nassa vijjam±n±k±rena manas± ±ropita-atthapaººattimattamev±ti attho. Tañca kho idhev±ti tañca yath±vuttapariy±yena paººattiy± adhikaraºatta½ idheva imasmi½ eva sikkh±pade. Eketi keci. Ta½ na yuttanti ya½ ekaccehi aµµhakath±su vutta½, adhikaraºassa paººattibh±va½ nisedhetv± kusal±diparamatthabh±va½ s±dhetu½ “ta½ paneta½ methunadhammap±r±jik±patt²”ti-±din± papañcato dassito, ta½ na yuttanti attho. Tattha k±raºam±ha “±dikammikass±”ti-±din±, tena ca tasmi½ v±de yadi ±patti n±ma akusal± v± aby±kat± v± bhaveyya, katha½ ±dikammikassa an±patti bhaveyya? Tass±pi akusal±d²na½ uppannatt± bhagavato sikkh±padapaññattito paµµh±ya y±va ±patt²tipi na sakk± vattu½, methun±d²su akusal±d²na½ sikkh±padapaññattito pubbepi samuppattito. Tato eva anupasampann±nampi ±pattippasaªgo, gil±n±d²na½ uppannatt± anupaññattiy±pi an±patti-abh±vappasaªgo ca siy±. Atha mata½ “na kevala½ akusal±di eva, atha kho bhagavat± paµikkhittabh±va½ j±nantassa samuppajjam±n± eva akusal±dayo ±patt²”ti, tampi as±ra½, sikkh±padapaññatti½ aj±nitv± v²tikkamantassa methun±d²su an±pattippasaªgato, akusal±disabh±v±ya ca ±pattiy± ekapayog±d²su ekatt±dipi na siy±. Na hi sakalampi divasa½ itthi½ k±yato amocetv± phusantassa ekamev±kusala½ uppajjati, bah³ v± itthiyo phusitv± apagacchantassa bah³ni, yen±pattiy± ekatta½, bahutta½ v± siy±ti evam±dika½ ayutti½ saªgahetv± dassitanti veditabba½.

Tattha vatthuñc±ti v²tikkamo. Tañhi ±pattisammutipaññ±panassa ok±saµµhena “vatth³”ti vuccati. Gottanti adinn±d±n±dito buddhisaddanivattanaµµhena parikappitas±maññ±k±ro gotta½. N±manti avijjam±nan±mapaññatti. Tassa pana p±r±jikanti n±massa atthabh³t± ±patti atthapaññatti ev±ti daµµhabba½ Ya½ pana “viv±d±dhikaraºa½ siy± kusalan”ti-±di (c³¼ava. 220; pari. 303), “±patt±dhikaraºa½ siy± akusalan”ti-±di (c³¼ava. 222) ca sutta½ tehi samuddhaµa½, tampi na viv±d±d²na½ kusal±dibh±vassa pariy±yadesitatt±ti ya½ ettha vattabba½, ta½ heµµh± paµhamap±r±jikasamuµµh±n±divaººan±ya s±ratthad²paniya½ viraddhaµµh±nasodhanattha½ vitth±rato vuttanti tattheva ta½ gahetabba½, s±ratthad²pan²k±rakassa akusal±dir³p±va ±patt²ti laddhi, teneva so idh±pi “tasm± paººatti-adhikaraºanti aµµhakath±su katasanniµµh±na½ dassetv± id±ni tampi na yuttanti dassetu½ ‘ta½ panetan’ti-±dim±h±”ti (s±rattha. µ². 2.385-386) eva½ attano laddhi½ aµµhakath±cariyassapi laddhi½ katv± ganthavirodhampi anoloketv± dassesi. Na hettha buddhaghos±cariyo aµµhakath±v±da½ ayuttanti dassetu½ “ta½ panetan”ti-±dim±rabhi “paººattimattameva ±patt±dhikaraºanti veditabban”ti sayameva upari kathanato, atha kho dulladdhik±na½ ekacc±na½ tattha vippaµipatti½ dassetv± puna ta½ paµisedhetuk±mo ±rabhi, teneva ante “eke”ti vuttanti veditabba½. Viv±d±d²na½ kusal±dikatte ta½samath±nampi tabbh±vo ±pajjati paramatthesu paººattiy± samath±yog±ti ±ha “kusal±disamatheh²”ti. Paññattisabh±v±nameva catunna½ adhikaraº±na½ samathehi adhikaraº²yat±, na pana kusal±diparamatthar³p±na½ tesa½ tesa½ khaºikat±ya sayameva samathappattitoti heµµh± samatthitamattha½ nigamanavasena dassentena “iti imin± adhikaraºaµµhen±”ti vutta½, tassa yath±vuttanayena samathehi adhikaraº²yat±y±ti attho. “Idhekacco”ti imin± idh±dhippeta½ viv±da½ nivatteti.

Anuv±doti vipatt²hi upavadan± ceva codan± ca. Tattha upavadan± n±ma garah±, akkoso ca. Pañcap²ti m±tik±pariy±pann±pattiyo sandh±ya vutta½. Kiccayat±ti kattabbat±. Sapad±nukkamaniddesass±ti ettha pad±nukkamaniddesoti padabh±jana½ vuccati, tena sahitassa sikkh±padass±ti attho.

387. Ass±ti kattu-atthe s±mivacananti ±ha “etena codaken±”ti-±di. Diµµham³lake pan±ti “diµµhassa hoti p±r±jika½ dhamma½ ajjh±pajjanto”ti-±di (p±r±. 387) p±¼iv±ra½ sandh±ya vutta½. Tattha itthiy± saddhi½ rahonisajj±didassanamattavasena p±r±jika½ dhamma½ ajjh±pajjanto puggalo tena diµµho, na pana maggena maggappaµip±dan±didassanavasena. Yadi hi tena so tath± diµµho bhaveyya, asuddhasaññ² ev±ya½ tasmi½ puggale siy±, asuddhasaññ±ya ca suddha½ v± asuddha½ v± codentassa saªgh±diseso na siy± “an±patti suddhe asuddhadiµµhissa, asuddhe asuddhadiµµhiss±”ti-±divacanato (p±r±. 390). Tasm± itthiy± saddhi½ rahonisajj±dimattameva disv±pi “saddho kulaputto, n±ya½ p±r±jika½ ±pajjat²”ti tasmi½ suddhasaññissa v± vematikassa v± “suto may± p±r±jika½ dhamma½ ajjh±pajjanto”ti-±din± niyametv± codentasseva saªgh±diseso, na asuddhasaññissa, tassa pana diµµha½ sutanti mus±v±d±dipaccay± lahuk±patti ev±ti veditabba½. Yadi pana so tasmi½ suddhadiµµhic±van±dhipp±yopi diµµha½ rahonisajj±dimattameva vadati, adiµµha½ pana maggenamaggappaµip±dan±dip±r±jikavatthu½ v± “assamaºos²”ti-±dika½ v± na vadati, tassa an±patti. Adhika½ vadantassa pana ±pattiyeva “adiµµha½ diµµhan”ti (p±r±. 386-387) vuttatt±. Yo pana diµµhena rahonisajj±din± paµhamap±r±jikena asuddhasaññ² hutv± c±van±dhipp±yo adinn±d±na½ ajjh±pajjanto “diµµho”ti v± “suto”ti v± ±di½ vadati, tass±pi na saªgh±diseso asuddhe asuddhadiµµhit±y±ti keci vadanti. Aññe pana “yena p±r±jikena codeti, tena suddhasaññ±bh±v± ±pattiyev±”ti vadanti, ida½ yutta½. Tath± hi vutta½ m±tik±µµhakath±ya½ (kaªkh±. aµµha. duµµhadosasikkh±padavaººan±) “yena p±r±jikena codeti, ta½ ‘aya½ anajjh±panno’ti ñatv± c±van±dhipp±yena…pe… saªgh±diseso”ti. Imin± nayena sut±dim³lakesupi vinicchayo veditabbo. Aññatra ±gates³ti omasav±d±d²su ±gatesu. Avassutoti t²hipi dv±rehi p±r±jikavatthubh³taduccarit±nuvassanena tinto. Kasambuj±toti kacavarabh³to, niss±roti attho.

Koºµhoti coro, duss²loti attho. Jeµµhabbatikoti k±¼akaººidev²vate niyutto titthiyoti vadati, s± kira k±¼akaººisirideviy± jeµµh±ti vutt±. Yadaggen±ti yena k±raºena, yattaken±ti attho Tadaggen±ti etth±pi eseva nayo. No kappet²ti-±di vematikabh±vad²panatthameva vuttanti mah±padumattherassa adhipp±yo.

389. Etth±ti codan±ya½. Tajjan²y±dikamma½ kariss±m²ti-±pattiy± codentassa adhipp±yo kamm±dhipp±yo n±ma. Pariv±sad±n±dikkamena ±pattito vuµµh±petu½ ±pattiy± codentassa adhipp±yo vuµµh±n±dhipp±yo. Uposatha½, pav±raºa½ v± saªghe k±tu½ ad±natth±ya ±pattiy± codayato adhipp±yo uposathapav±raºaµµhapan±dhipp±yo. Asammukh±…pe… dukkaµanti anuddha½sentassapi akkosantassapi dukkaµa½.

Sabbatthev±ti sabb±su aµµhakath±su. Uposathapav±raº±na½ ñattikammabh±vato ñattiy± vattam±n±ya eva uposathapav±raºaµµhapana½ hoti, na niµµhit±ya, s± ca yya-k±re patte niµµhit± n±ma hot²ti ±ha “yya-k±re patte na labbhat²”ti.

Anup±sakoti up±sakopi so bhikkhu na hoti saraºagamanass±pi paµippassaddhatt±ti vadanti. “Anodissa dhamma½ kathentass±”ti imin± odissa kathentena ok±sa½ k±retabbanti dasseti. ¾patti½ desetv±ti ok±s±k±r±pan±patti½ desetv±. Ya½ codeti, tassa upasampannoti saªkhyupagamana½, tasmi½ suddhasaññit± vematikat± v±, yena p±r±jikena codeti, tassa diµµh±divasena am³lakat±, c±van±dhipp±yena “tva½ p±r±jiko”ti-±din± niyametv± sammukh± codan± cod±pan±, tassa taªkhaºavij±nananti im±nettha pañca aªg±ni.

Paµhamaduµµhadosasikkh±padavaººan± niµµhit±.