7. E¼akalomadhov±panasikkh±padavaººan±

581. Sattame p±¼iya½ an±pattiv±re aparibhutta½ katabhaº¹a½ dhov±pet²ti etthaparibhuttassa kambal±dikatabhaº¹assa dhov±pana½ pur±ºac²varadhov±panasikkh±padena ±pattikarantitannivattanattha½ “aparibhutta½ katabhaº¹an”ti vutta½. Sesamettha utt±natthameva.

E¼akalomadhov±panasikkh±padavaººan± niµµhit±.

8. R³piyasikkh±padavaººan±

583-4. Aµµhame suvaººamayakah±paºena kah±paºopi rajate eva saªgayhat²ti ±ha“sovaººamayo v±”ti. R³piyamayo v±ti rajatena r³pa½ samuµµhapetv± katakah±paºo.P±katiko n±ma etarahi pakatikah±paºo.
Icceta½ sabbamp²ti sikkh±padena, vibhaªgena ca vutta½ sabbampi nidasseti. Tassa catubbidha½nissaggiyavatth³ti imin±va sambandho, na pana anantarena “rajatan”ti padena. Id±nita½ catubbidha½ nissaggiyavatthu½ sar³pato dassento “rajatan”ti-±dim±ha. Tatthakiñc±pi heµµh± rajatam±sakova vutto, na kevala½ rajata½, tath±pi sikkh±pade “j±tar³parajatan”tipadeneva vuttanti tampi dassetu½ “rajatan”ti ida½ visu½ vutta½. Padabh±jane panam±tik±padeneva siddhatt± ta½ avatv± tena saha saªgayham±nameva dassetu½ “rajata½ n±makah±paºo”ti-±di vuttanti veditabba½. J±tar³pam±sakoti suvaººamayakah±paºo.Vuttappabhedoti “r³piyamayo v± p±katiko v±”ti-±din± vuttappabhedo. Paµovapaµako, vattha½. Dukkaµamev±ti paµigg±hakasseva paµiggahaºapaccay± dukkaµa½,paribhoge pana pañcasahadhammikehi paµiggahit±na½ dhaññavirahitamutt±d²na½ k±raº± uppannapaccaya½paribhuñjant±na½ sabbesampi dukkaµameva. Keci pana “dhaññampi pañcasahadhammikehipaµiggahita½ mutt±dikhett±di viya sabbesampi paribhuñjitu½ na vaµµati, kevala½ saªghikabh³miya½kappiyavoh±rena ca uppannassa dhaññassa vic±raºameva sandh±ya ‘tasseveta½ akappiyan’tivuttan”ti vadanti.
Eko sata½ v± sahassa½ v±ti-±di r³piye heµµhimakoµiy± pavattan±k±ra½ dassetu½vutta½, na pana “eva½ paµipajjitabbamev±”ti dassetu½. “Idha nikkhip±h²”ti vutteuggaºh±pana½ hot²ti ±ha “idha nikkhip±h²ti na vattabban”ti. Kappiyañca…pe…hot²ti yasm± as±ditatt± tato uppannapaccay± vaµµanti, tasm± kappiya½ niss±ya µhita½.Yasm± pana dubbic±raº±ya sati tato uppannampi na kappati, tasm± akappiya½ niss±ya µhitantiveditabba½.
“Na tena kiñci kappiyabhaº¹a½ cet±pitan”ti imin± cet±pita½ ce, natthi paribhog³p±youggahetv± anissaµµhar³piyena cet±pitatt±. ¿disañhi saªghamajjhe nissajjana½ katv±va cha¹¹etv±p±cittiya½ desetabbanti dasseti. Keci pana “yasm± nissaggiyavatthu½paµiggahetv±pi cet±pita½ kappiyabhaº¹a½ saªghe nissaµµha½ kappiyak±rakehi nissaµµhar³piya½parivattetv± ±n²takappiyabhaº¹asadisa½ hoti, tasm± vin±va up±ya½ bh±jetv± paribhuñjitu½vaµµat²”ti vadanti, ta½ pattacatukk±dikath±ya (p±r±. aµµha. 2.589) na sameti. Tatthar³piyena parivattitapattassa aparibhogova dassito, na nissajjanavidh±nanti. Upanikkhepa½µhapetv±ti kappiyak±rakehi va¹¹hiy± payojana½ sandh±ya vutta½. Akappiyanti tenavatthun± gahitatt± vutta½.
585. “Patitok±sa½ asamann±haranten±”ti ida½ nirapekkhabh±vadassanaparanti veditabba½.Asantasambh±van±y±ti pariy±y±din± abh³t±rocana½ sandh±ya vutta½. Theyyaparibhogotipaccayas±min± bhagavat± ananuññ±tatt± vutta½. Iºaparibhogoti bhagavat± anuññ±tampikattabba½ akatv± paribhuñjanato vutta½, tena ca paccayasannissitas²la½ vipajjat²tidasseti. Paribhoge paribhogeti k±yato mocetv± mocetv± paribhoge. Pacchimay±mesupaccavekkhitabbanti yojan±. Iºaparibhogaµµh±ne tiµµhat²ti ettha “hiyyo ya½ may± c²vara½paribhuttan”ti-±din±pi at²tapaccavekkhaº± vaµµat²ti vadanti. Paribhoge paribhogetiudakapatanaµµh±nato antopavesanesu, nis²danasayanesu ca. Satipaccayat± vaµµat²ti paccavekkhaºasatiy±paccayatta½ laddhu½ vaµµati. Paµiggahaºe ca paribhoge ca paccavekkhaº±sati avassa½ laddhabb±tidasseti. Ten±ha “sati½ katv±”ti-±di. Keci pana “satipaccayat± paccaye satibhesajjaparibhogassa k±raºe sat²”ti evampi attha½ vadanti, tesampi paccaye sat²ti paccayasabbh±vasallakkhaºesat²ti evamattho gahetabbo paccayasabbh±vamattena s²lassa asujjhanato. “Paribhoge akarontasseva±patt²”ti imin± p±timokkhasa½varas²lassa bhedo dassito, na paccayasannisssis²lassa,tassa at²tapaccavekkhaº±ya visujjhanato. Etasmi½, pana sesapaccayesu ca iºaparibhog±divacanenapaccayasannissitas²lasseva bhedoti evamimesa½ n±n±karaºa½ veditabba½.
Eva½ paccayasannissitas²lassa visuddhi½ dassetv± teneva pasaªgena sabb±pi visuddhiyo dassetu½“catubbidh± hi suddh²”ti-±dim±ha. Tattha sujjhati desan±d²hi, sodh²yat²tiv± suddhi, catubbidhas²la½. Ten±ha “desan±ya sujjhanato”ti-±di. Ettha desan±ggahaºenavuµµh±nampi chinnam³l±na½ abhikkhut±paµiññ±pi saªgahit±. Chinnam³l±nampi hi p±r±jik±pattivuµµh±nenaheµµh± parirakkhita½ bhikkhus²la½ visuddha½ n±ma hoti, tena tesa½ maggapaµil±bhopi sampajjati.
D±tabbaµµhena d±ya½, ta½ ±diyant²ti d±y±d±. Sattanna½ sekkh±nanti ettha kaly±ºaputhujjan±pisaªgahit± tesa½ ±ºaºyaparibhogassa d±yajjaparibhoge saªgahitatt±ti veditabba½ Dhammad±y±dasuttanti“dhammad±y±d± me, bhikkhave, bhavatha, m± ±misad±y±d±”ti-±din± (ma. ni. 1.29)pavatta½ sutta½. Tattha m± me ±misad±y±d±ti eva½ me-sadda½ ±netv± attho gahetabbo.Evañhi tath± vuttatthas±dhaka½ hoti.
Lajjin± saddhi½ paribhogoti dhamm±misavasena missabh±vo. Alajjin± saddhintietth±pi eseva nayo. “¾dito paµµh±ya hi alajj² n±ma natth²”ti imin± diµµhadiµµhesu±saªk± n±ma na k±tabb±, diµµhasut±dik±raºe sati eva k±tabb±ti dasseti. Attanobh±rabh³t± saddhivih±rik±dayo. Sace na oramat²ti agatigamanena dhamm±misaparibhogatona oramati. “¾patti n±ma natth²”ti ida½ alajj²na½ dhammena uppannapaccaya½, dhammakammañcasandh±ya vutta½. Tesampi hi kulad³san±disamuppannapaccaya½ paribhuñjant±na½, vaggakamm±di½karont±nañca ±patti eva.
“Dhammiy±dhammiyaparibhogo paccayavasena veditabbo”ti vuttatt± heµµh± lajjiparibhogopaccayavasena ca ekakamm±divasena ca vutto ev±ti veditabba½. Teneva duµµhadosasikkh±padaµµhakath±ya½codakacuditakabh±ve µhit± dve alajjino dhammaparibhogampi sandh±ya “ekasambhogaparibhog±hutv± j²vath±”ti (p±r±. aµµha. 2.385-386) vutt± tesa½ aññamañña½ dhamm±misaparibhogevirodh±bh±v±. Lajj²nameva hi alajjin± saha tadubhayaparibhog± na vaµµant²ti.
Dhammaparibhogoti “ekakamma½ ekuddeso”ti-±din± (p±r±. 55, 92, 172) vuttasa½v±soceva nissayaggahaºad±n±diko sabbo nir±misaparibhogo ca veditabbo “Na so ±pattiy± k±retabbo”ti vuttatt± lajjino alajjipaggahe ±patt²tiveditabba½. Itarop²ti lajj²pi. Tass±pi att±na½ paggaºhantassa alajjino, imin±ca lajjino vaººabhaºan±dil±bha½ paµicca ±misagarukat±ya v± gehasitapemena v± ta½ alajji½paggaºhanto lajj² s±sana½ antaradh±peti n±m±ti dasseti. Eva½ gahaµµh±d²su upatthambhitoalajj² bala½ labhitv± pesale abhibhavitv± nacirasseva s±sana½ uddhamma½ ubbinaya½ karot²ti.
“Dhammaparibhogopi tattha vaµµat²”ti imin± ±misaparibhogato dhammaparibhogova garuko,tasm± ativiya alajjivivekena k±tabboti dasseti. “Dhamm±nuggahena uggaºhitu½vaµµat²”ti vuttatt± alajjussannat±ya s±sane osakkante, lajj²su ca appahontesualajjimpi pakatatta½ gaºap³raka½ gahetv± upasampad±dikaraºena ceva keci alajjinodhamm±misaparibhogena saªgahetv± ses±lajjigaºassa niggahena ca s±sana½ paggaºhitu½ vaµµatieva.
Keci pana “koµiya½ µhito ganthoti vuttatt± ganthapariy±puºanameva dhammaparibhogo, naekakamm±di. Tasm± alajj²hipi saddhi½ uposath±dika½ kamma½ k±tu½ vaµµati, ±pattinatth²”ti vadanti, ta½ na yutta½, ekakamm±d²su bah³su dhammaparibhogesu alajjin±pisaddhi½ kattabb±vatth±yutta½ dhammaparibhoga½ dassetu½ idha nidassanavasena ganthasseva samuddhaµatt±.Na hi ekakamm±diko vidhi dhammaparibhogo na hot²ti sakk± vattu½ an±misatt± dhamm±misesuapariy±pannassa kassaci abh±v±. Teneva aµµhas±liniya½ dhammapaµisandh±rakath±ya½ (dha.sa. aµµha. 1351)“kammaµµh±na½ kathetabba½, dhammo v±cetabbo…pe… abbh±navuµµh±nam±nattapariv±s±d±tabb±, pabbajj±raho pabb±jetabbo, upasampad±raho upasamp±detabbo…pe… aya½dhammapaµisandh±ro n±m±”ti eva½ saªghakamm±dipi dhammakoµµh±se dassita½. Tesu pana dhammakoµµh±sesuya½ gaºap³raº±divasena alajjino apekkhitv± uposath±di v± tesa½ santik± dhammuggahaºanissayaggahaº±div± kar²yati, ta½ dhammo ceva paribhogo c±ti dhammaparibhogoti vuccati, eta½ tath±r³papaccaya½vin± k±tu½ na vaµµati, karontassa alajjiparibhogo ca hoti dukkaµañca. Ya½ pana alajjisata½anapekkhitv± tajjan²y±diniggahakamma½ v± pariv±s±di-upak±rakamma½ v±uggahaparipucch±d±n±di v± kar²yati, ta½ dhammo eva, no paribhogo. Eta½ anur³p±na½k±tu½ vaµµati, ±misad±na½ viya ±patti natthi. Nissayad±nampi terasasammutid±n±dica vattapaµivattas±diyan±diparibhogass±pi hetutt± na vaµµati.
Yo pana mah±-alajj² uddhamma½ ubbinaya½ satthu s±sana½ karoti, tassa saddhivih±rik±d²na½upasampad±di-upak±rakammampi uggahaparipucch±d±n±di ca k±tu½ na vaµµati, ±patti evahoti, niggahakammameva k±tabba½. Teneva alajjipaggahopi paµikkhitto. Dhamm±misaparibhogavivajjanen±pihi dummaªk³na½ puggal±na½ niggaho adhippeto, so ca pesal±na½ ph±suvih±rasaddhammaµµhitivinay±nuggah±di-atth±yaetadatthatt± sikkh±padapaññattiy±. Tasm± ya½ ya½ dummaªk³na½ upatthambh±ya pesal±na½ aph±suvih±r±yasaddhammaparih±n±di-atth±ya hoti, ta½ sabbampi paribhogo v± hotu aparibhogo v± k±tu½na vaµµati, eva½ karont± s±sana½ antaradh±penti, ±pattiñca ±pajjanti. Dhamm±misaparibhogesucettha alajj²hi ekakamm±didhammaparibhogo eva pesal±na½ aph±suvih±rasaddhammaparih±n±di-atth±yahoti, na tath± ±misaparibhogo. Na hi alajj²na½ paccayaparibhogamattena pesal±na½ aph±suvih±r±dihoti, yath±vuttadhammaparibhogena pana hoti tapparivajjanena ca ph±suvih±r±dayo. Tath±hi katasikkh±padav²tikkam± alajjipuggal± uposath±d²su paviµµh± “tumhe k±yadv±re,vac²dv±re ca v²tikkama½ karoth±”ti-±din± bhikkh³hi vattabb± honti, yath± vinayañcaatiµµhant± saªghato bahikaraº±divasena suµµhu niggahetabb±, tath± akatv± tehi saha sa½vasant±pialajjinova honti “ekopi alajj² alajjisatampi karot²”ti-±divacanato (p±r±.aµµha. 2.585). Yadi hi te eva½ na niggahit± siyu½, saªghe kalah±di½ va¹¹hetv± uposath±dis±magg²kammapaµib±han±din±pesal±na½ aph±su½ katv± kamena te devadattavajjiputtak±dayo viya parisa½ va¹¹hetv±attano vippaµipatti½ dhammato vinayato d²pent± saªghabhed±dimpi katv± nacirasseva s±sana½antaradh±peyyu½, tesu pana saªghato bahikaraº±divasena niggahitesu sabbop±ya½ upaddavo nahoti. Vuttañhi–
“Duss²lapuggale niss±ya uposatho na tiµµhati, pav±raº± na tiµµhati, saªghakamm±ninappavattanti, s±magg² na hoti…pe… duss²lesu pana niggahitesu sabbopi aya½upaddavo na hoti, tato pesal± bhikkh³ ph±su viharant²”ti (p±r±. aµµha. 1.39).
Tasm± ekakamm±didhammaparibhogova ±misaparibhogatopi ativiya alajjivivekena k±tabbo,±pattikaro ca saddhammaparih±nihetutt±ti veditabba½.
Apica uposatho na tiµµhati, pav±raº± na tiµµhati, saªghakamm±ni nappavattant²ti eva½ alajj²hisaddhi½ saªghakamm±karaºassa aµµhakath±ya½ pak±sitatt±pi ceta½ sijjhati, tath± parivattaliªgassabhikkhuno bhikkhunupassaya½ gacchantassa paµipattikath±ya½ “±r±dhik± ca honti saªg±hik±lajjiniyo, t± kopetv± aññattha na gantabba½. Gacchati ce, g±mantaranad²p±rarattivippav±sagaºa-oh²yan±patt²hina muccati…pe… alajjiniyo honti, saªgaha½ pana karonti, t±pi pariccajitv±aññattha gantu½ labbhat²”ti eva½ alajjin²su dutiyik±gahaº±d²su sa½v±s±pattiparih±r±yanad²p±ragaman±digaruk±pattiµµh±n±na½ anuññ±tatt± tatopi alajjisa½v±s±patti eva saddhammaparih±nihetutogarukatar±ti viññ±yati. Na hi lahuk±pattiµµh±na½, an±pattiµµh±na½ v± pariharitu½ garuk±pattiµµh±nav²tikkama½±cariy± anuj±nanti, tath± asa½v±sapadassa aµµhakath±ya½ “sabbehipi lajjipuggalehisama½ sikkhitabbabh±vato samasikkh±t± n±ma. Ettha yasm± sabbepi lajjino etesu kamm±d²susaha vasanti, na ekopi tato bahiddh± sandissati, tasm± t±ni sabb±nipi gahetv±eso sa½v±so n±m±”ti eva½ lajj²heva ekakamm±disa½v±so vaµµat²ti pak±sito.
Yadi eva½, kasm± asa½v±sikesu alajj² na gaºitoti? N±ya½ virodho, ye gaºap³rakekatv± kata½ kamma½ kuppati, tesa½ p±r±jik±di-apakatatt±naññeva asa½v±sikatte gahitatt±.Alajjino pana pakatattabh³t±pi santi, te ce gaºap³raº± hutv± kamma½ s±dhenti, kevala½katv± agatigamanena karont±na½ ±pattikar± honti sabh±g±patti-±pann± iya aññamañña½. Yasm± alajjitañca lajjitañca puthujjan±na½ cittakkhaºapaµibaddha½, na sabbak±lika½.Sañcicca hi v²tikkamacitte uppanne alajjino “na puna ²disa½ kariss±m²”ti cittenalajjino ca honti, tesu ca ye pesalehi ovadiyam±n±pi na oramanti, punappuna½v²tikkamanti, te eva asa½vasitabb±, na itare lajjidhamme okkantatt±. Tasm±pi alajjinoasa½v±sikesu agaºetv± tapparivajjanattha½ sodhetv±va uposath±dikaraºa½ anuññ±ta½.Tath± hi “p±risuddhi½ ±yasmanto ±rocetha, p±timokkha½ uddisiss±m²”ti-±din±(mah±va. 134) aparisuddh±ya paris±ya uposathakaraºassa ayuttat± pak±sit±, “yassa siy±±patti so ±vikareyya…pe… ph±su hot²”ti (mah±va. 134) eva½ alajjimpilajjidhamme patiµµh±petv± uposathakaraºappak±ro ca vutto, “kaccittha parisuddh±…pe…parisuddhetth±yasmanto”ti (p±r±. 442, 458, 662; p±ci. 551, 575, 655) ca p±risuddhi-uposathe“parisuddho aha½ bhante, parisuddhoti ma½ dh±reth±”ti (mah±va. 168) ca eva½ uposatha½karont±na½ parisuddhat± ca pak±sit±, vacanamattena anoramant±nañca uposathapava-±raºaµµhapanavidhica vutt±, sabbath± lajjidhamma½ anokkamantehi sa½v±sassa ayuttat±ya nissayad±naggahaºapaµikkhepo,tajjan²y±diniggahakammakaraºañca ukkhepan²yakammakaraºena s±nuvattakaparisassa alajjissaasa½v±sikattap±panavidhi ca vutt±. Tasm± yath±vuttehi suttanayehi, aµµhakath±vacanehica pakatattehipi apakatattehipi sabbehi alajj²hi ekakamm±disa½v±so na vaµµati, karont±na½±patti eva dummaªk³na½ puggal±na½ niggahatth±yeva sabbasikkh±pad±na½ paññattatt±ti niµµhametthagantabba½. Teneva dutiyasaªg²tiya½ pakatatt±pi alajjino vajjiputtak± yasatther±d²himahantena v±y±mena saªghato viyojit±. Na hi tesu p±r±jik±di-asa½v±sik± atthitehi d²pit±na½ dasanna½ vatth³na½ (c³¼ava. 452) lahuk±pattivisayatt±.
Tassa pana santiketi mah±rakkhitattherassa santike. Kharapattanti kharasaªkh±ta½ suvaººapatir³paka½vatthu. D±yakehi asatiy± dinna½ r³piya½ tehi puna sakasaññ±ya gaºhante ad±tu½,nissaggiyavatthu½ gaºh±h²ti d±tuñca na vaµµat²ti ±ha “tava co¼aka½pass±h²”ti. Eva½ vatv±pi pana naµµhavatthusmi½ viya nissajjitabb±bh±vepi ±pattidesetabb±va. Asatiy±pi hi ta½ vatthu½ vatth±din± sahatthena gahetv± “ida½ dem²”tidinna½, tad± paricc±gasabbh±vato d±nameva hoti “appaggha½ dass±m²”ti mahagghassa d±neviya. Paµiggaºhantassa ca asatiy± diyyam±natte ñ±tepi adinn±d±na½ na hoti d±yakehidinnatt±, tasm± r³piya½ nissaggiyameva hoti. Keci pana “²disa½ n±ma na hoti,teneva cettha ‘tava co¼aka½ pass±’ti vuttan”ti vadanti, ta½ no nakkhamati, v²ma½sitabba½.
586. Ekaparicched±n²ti siy± kiriyatta½, siy± akiriyattañca sandh±ya vutta½.J±tar³parajatabh±vo, attuddesikat±, gahaº±d²su aññatarabh±voti im±nettha t²ºi aªg±ni.

R³piyasikkh±padavaººan± niµµhit±.