25. Uposathapav±raº±vinicchayakath±

168. Uposathapav±raº±ti ettha (kaªkh±. aµµha. nid±navaººan±) divasavasena tayo uposath± c±tuddasiko pannarasiko s±magg²-uposathoti. Tattha hemantagimhavass±n±na½ tiººa½ut³na½ tatiyasattamapakkhesu dve dve katv± cha c±tuddasik±, ses± pannarasik±tieva½ ekasa½vacchare catuv²sati uposath±. Ida½ t±va pakatic±ritta½. Tath±r³papaccayesati aññasmimpi c±tuddase uposatha½ k±tu½ vaµµati. Purimavassa½vuµµh±na½ pana pubbakattikapuººam±,tesa½yeva sace bhaº¹anak±rakehi upaddut± pav±raºa½ paccukka¹¹hanti, atha kattikam±sassak±¼apakkhac±tuddaso v± pacchimakattikapuººam± v± pacchimavassa½vuµµh±nañca pacchimakattikapuººam±eva v±ti ime tayo pav±raº±divas±pi honti. Idampi pakatic±rittameva. Tath±r³papaccayesati dvinna½ kattikapuººam±na½ purimesu c±tuddasesupi pav±raºa½ k±tu½ vaµµati.Yad± pana kosambakakkhandhake (mah±va. 451 ±dayo) ±gatanayena bhinne bhikkhusaªgheos±rite tasmi½ bhikkhusmi½ saªgho tassa vatthussa v³pasam±ya saªghas±maggi½ karoti,tad± t±vadeva uposatho k±tabbo. “P±timokkha½ uddisitabban”ti vacanato µhapetv±c±tuddasapannarase aññopi yo koci divaso uposathadivaso n±ma hoti, vassa½vuµµh±na½pana kattikam±sabbhantare ayameva s±magg²pav±raº±divaso n±ma hoti. Iti imesu t²sudivasesu uposatho k±tabbo. Karontena pana sace c±tuddasiko hoti, “ajjuposathoc±tuddaso”ti vattabba½. Sace s±magg²-uposatho hoti, “ajjuposatho ±magg²”ti vattabba½. Pannarasiya½ pana p±¼iya½ ±gatanayeneva “ajjuposatho pannaraso”tivattabba½.

169. Saªghe uposatho (kaªkh±. aµµha. nid±navaººan±), gaºe uposatho, puggale uposathotieva½ k±rakavasena aparepi tayo uposath± vutt±, kattabb±k±ravasena pana suttuddesop±risuddhi-uposatho adhiµµh±nuposathoti aparepi tayo uposath±. Tattha suttuddeson±ma “suº±tu me, bhante, saªgho”ti-±din± nayena vutto p±timokkhuddeso. Yepanitare dve uposath±, tesu p±risuddhi-uposatho t±va aññesañca santike aññamaññañca±rocanavasena duvidho. Tattha yv±ya½ aññesa½ santike kar²yati, sopi pav±rit±nañcaappav±rit±nañca santike karaºavasena duvidho. Tattha mah±pav±raº±ya pav±rit±na½ santikepacchimik±ya upagatena v± anupagatena v± chinnavassena v± c±tum±siniya½ pana pav±rit±na½santike anupagatena v± chinnavassena v± k±yas±maggi½ datv± “parisuddho aha½ bhante,parisuddhoti ma½ dh±reth±”ti tikkhattu½ vatv± k±tabbo. Ýhapetv± pana pav±raº±divasa½aññasmi½ k±le ±v±sikehi uddiµµhamatte p±timokkhe avuµµhit±ya v± ekacc±ya vuµµhit±yav± sabb±ya v± vuµµhit±ya paris±ya ye aññe samasam± v± thokatar± v± ±gacchanti, tehitesa½ santike vuttanayeneva p±risuddhi ±rocetabb±.

Yo pan±ya½ aññamañña½ ±rocanavasena kar²yati, so ñatti½ µhapetv± karaºavasena ca aµµhapetv±karaºavasena ca duvidho. Tattha yasmi½ ±v±se tayo bhikkh³ viharanti, tesu uposathadivasesannipatitesu ekena bhikkhun± “suºantu me ±yasmant±, ajjuposatho c±tuddaso”tiv± “pannaraso”ti v± vatv± “yad±yasmant±na½ pattakalla½, maya½ aññamañña½ p±risuddhi-uposatha½kareyy±m±”ti ñattiy± µhapit±ya therena bhikkhun± eka½sa½ uttar±saªga½ karitv± ukkuµika½nis²ditv± añjali½ paggahetv± “parisuddho aha½, ±vuso, parisuddhoti ma½ dh±reth±”titikkhattu½ vattabba½. Itarehi “bhante”ti vatv± evameva vattabba½. Eva½ ñatti½µhapetv± k±tabbo. Yatra pana dve bhikkh³ viharanti, tatra ñatti½ aµµhapetv± vuttanayenevap±risuddhi ±rocetabb±ti aya½ p±risuddhi-uposatho.

Sace pana ekova bhikkhu hoti, sabba½ pubbakaraº²ya½ katv± aññesa½ an±gamana½ñatv± “ajja me uposatho c±tuddaso”ti v± “pannaraso”ti v± vatv± “adhiµµh±m²”tivattabba½. Aya½ adhiµµh±nuposathoti eva½ kattabb±k±ravasena tayo uposath± veditabb±.Ett±vat± nava uposath± d²pit± honti. Tesu divasavasena pannarasiko, k±rakavasenasaªghuposatho, kattabb±k±ravasena suttuddesoti eva½ tilakkhaºasampanne uposathe pavattam±neuposatha½ akatv± tadahuposathe añña½ abhikkhuka½ n±n±sa½v±sakehi v± sabhikkhuka½ ±v±sa½v± an±v±sa½ v± v±satth±ya aññatra saªghena aññatra antar±y± gacchantassa dukkaµa½ hoti.

170. Uposathakaraºattha½ sannipatite saªghe bahi uposatha½ katv± ±gatena sannip±taµµh±na½gantv± k±yas±maggi½ adentena chando d±tabbo. Yopi gil±no v± hoti kiccapasutov±, tenapi p±risuddhi½ dentena chandopi d±tabbo. Katha½? Ekassa bhikkhuno santike“chanda½ dammi, chanda½ me hara, chanda½ me ±roceh²”ti ayamattho k±yena v± v±c±yav± ubhayena v± viññ±petabbo, eva½ dinno hoti chando. Akatuposathena gil±nena v±kiccapasutena v± p±risuddhi d±tabb±. Katha½? Ekassa bhikkhuno santike “p±risuddhi½dammi, p±risuddhi½ me hara p±risuddhi½ me ±roceh²”ti ayamattho k±yena v± v±c±yav± ubhayena v± viññ±petabbo, eva½ dinn± hoti p±risuddhi. Ta½ pana dentena chandopid±tabbo. Vuttañheta½ bhagavat± “anuj±n±mi, bhikkhave, tadahuposathe p±risuddhi½ dentenachandampi d±tu½, santi saªghassa karaº²yan”ti (mah±va. 165). Tattha p±risuddhid±na½saªghassapi attanopi uposathakaraºa½ samp±deti, na avasesa½ saªghakicca½, chandad±na½ saªghassevauposathakaraºañca sesakiccañca samp±deti, attano panassa uposatho akatoyeva hoti, tasm±p±risuddhi½ dentena chandopi d±tabbo. Pubbe vutta½ pana suddhikacchanda½ v± p±risuddhi½v± ima½ v± chandap±risuddhi½ ekena bah³nampi ±haritu½ vaµµati. Sace pana so antar±maggeañña½ bhikkhu½ passitv± yesa½ tena chando v± p±risuddhi v± gahit±, tesañca attanoca chandap±risuddhi½ deti, tasseva ±gacchati. Itar± pana bi¼±lasaªkhalik± chandap±risuddhin±ma hoti, s± na ±gacchati, tasm± sayameva sannip±taµµh±na½ gantv± ±rocetabba½. Sacepana sañcicca n±roceti, dukkaµa½ ±pajjati, chandap±risuddhi pana tasmi½ hatthap±sa½upagatamatteyeva ±gat± hoti.

171. P±riv±siyena pana chandad±nena ya½ kiñci saªghakamma½ k±tu½ na vaµµati. Tattha(p±ci. aµµha. 1167) catubbidha½ p±riv±siya½ parisap±riv±siya½ rattip±riv±siya½chandap±riv±siya½ ajjh±sayap±riv±siyanti. Tesu parisap±riv±siya½ n±ma bhikkh³kenacideva karaº²yena sannipatit± honti, atha megho v± uµµheti, uss±raº± v±kar²yati, manuss± v± ajjhottharant± ±gacchanti, bhikkh³ “anok±s± maya½, aññattha gacch±m±”tichanda½ avissajjetv±va uµµhahanti. Ida½ parisap±riv±siya½. Kiñc±pi parisap±riv±siya½,chandassa pana avissaµµhatt± kamma½ k±tu½ vaµµati.

Puna bhikkh³ “uposath±d²ni kariss±m±”ti ratti½ sannipatitv± “y±va sabbe sannipatanti,t±va dhamma½ suºiss±m±”ti eka½ ajjhesanti, tasmi½ dhammakatha½ kathenteyeva aruºouggacchati. Sace “c±tuddasika½ uposatha½ kariss±m±”ti nisinn±, pannarasotik±tu½ vaµµati. Sace pannarasika½ k±tu½ nisinn±, p±µipade anuposathe uposatha½ k±tu½na vaµµati, añña½ pana saªghakicca½ k±tu½ vaµµati. Ida½ rattip±riv±siya½ n±ma.

Puna bhikkh³ “kiñcideva abbh±n±disaªghakamma½ kariss±m±”ti nisinn± honti, tatrekonakkhattap±µhako bhikkhu eva½ vadati “ajja nakkhatta½ d±ruºa½, m± ima½ karoth±”ti.Te tassa vacanena chanda½ vissajjetv± tattheva nisinn± honti. Athañño ±gantv± “nakkhatta½ patim±nenta½, attho b±la½ upaccag±”ti (j±. 1.1.49) vatv± “ki½ nakkhattena,karoth±”ti vadati. Ida½ chandap±riv±siyañceva ajjh±sayap±riv±siyañca. Etasmi½ p±riv±siyepuna chandap±risuddhi½ an±netv± kamma½ k±tu½ na vaµµati.

172. Sace koci bhikkhu gil±no na sakkoti chandap±risuddhi½ d±tu½, so mañcena v±p²µhena v± saªghamajjha½ ±netabbo. Sace gil±nupaµµh±k±na½ bhikkh³na½ eva½ hoti “sacekho maya½ gil±na½ µh±n± c±vess±ma, ±b±dho v± abhiva¹¹hissati, k±lakiriy± v± bhavissat²”ti,na so bhikkhu µh±n± c±vetabbo, saªghena tattha gantv± uposatho k±tabbo.Sace bah³ t±dis± gil±n± honti, saªghena paµip±µiy± µhatv± sabbe hatthap±se k±tabb±.Sace d³re honti, saªgho nappahoti, ta½ divasa½ uposatho na k±tabbo. Na tveva vaggenasaªghena uposatho k±tabbo, kareyya ce, dukkaµa½.

Sace (mah±va. aµµha. 149) ekasmi½ vih±re cat³su bhikkh³su vasantesu ekassa chandap±risuddhi½±haritv± tayo p±risuddhi-uposatha½ karonti, t²su v± vasantesu ekassa chandap±risuddhi½±haritv± dve p±timokkha½ uddisanti, adhammena vagga½ uposathakamma½ hoti. Sacepana catt±ropi sannipatitv± p±risuddhi-uposatha½ karonti, tayo v± dve v± p±timokkha½uddisanti, adhammena samagga½ n±ma hoti. Sace cat³su janesu ekassa p±risuddhi½±haritv± tayo p±timokkha½ uddisanti, t²su v± janesu ekassa p±risuddhi½ ±haritv±dve p±risuddhi-uposatha½ karonti, dhammena vagga½ n±ma hoti. Sace pana catt±roekattha vasant± sabbe sannipatitv± p±timokkha½ uddisanti, tayo p±risuddhi-uposatha½ karonti,dve aññamañña½ p±risuddhi-uposatha½ karonti, dhammena samagga½ n±ma hoti.

173. Pav±raº±kammesu (mah±va. aµµha. 212) pana sace ekasmi½ vih±re pañcasu bhikkh³suvasantesu ekassa pav±raºa½ ±haritv± catt±ro gaºañatti½ µhapetv± pav±renti, cat³suv± t²su v± vasantesu ekassa pav±raºa½ ±haritv± tayo v± dve v± saªghañatti½ µhapetv±pav±renti, sabbameta½ adhammena vagga½ pav±raº±kamma½. Sace pana sabbepi pañca jan± ekatosannipatitv± gaºañatti½ µhapetv± pav±renti, catt±ro v± tayo v± dve v± vasant±ekato sannipatitv± saªghañatti½ µhapetv± pav±renti, sabbameta½ adhammena samagga½pav±raº±kamma½. Sace pañcasu janesu ekassa pav±raºa½ ±haritv± catt±ro saªghañatti½µhapetv± pav±renti, cat³su v± t²su v± ekassa pav±raºa½ ±haritv± tayo v± dve v±gaºañatti½ µhapetv± pav±renti, sabbameta½ dhammena vagga½ pav±raº±kamma½. Sace panasabbepi pañca jan± ekato sannipatitv± saªghañatti½ µhapetv± pav±renti, catt±ro v±tayo v± ekato sannipatitv± gaºañatti½ µhapetv± pav±renti, dve aññamañña½ av±renti, ekako vasanto adhiµµh±napav±raºa½ karoti, sabbameta½ dhammena samagga½ n±mapav±raº±kammanti.

Ettha sace c±tuddasik± hoti, “ajja me pav±raº± c±tuddas²”ti, sace pannarasik±,“ajja me pav±raº± pannaras²”ti eva½ adhiµµh±tabba½. Pav±raºa½ dentena pana “pav±raºa½dammi, pav±raºa½ me hara, mamatth±ya pav±reh²”ti k±yena v± v±c±ya v± k±yav±c±hiv± ayamattho viññ±petabbo. Eva½ dinn±ya (mah±va. aµµha. 213) pav±raº±ya pav±raº±h±rakenasaªgha½ upasaªkamitv± eva½ pav±retabba½ “tisso, bhante, bhikkhu saªgha½ pav±reti diµµhenav± sutena v± parisaªk±ya v±, vadatu ta½, bhante, saªgho anukampa½ up±d±ya, passanto paµikarissati.Dutiyampi, bhante…pe… tatiyampi, bhante, tisso bhikkhu saªgha½ pav±reti…pe…paµikarissat²”ti. Sace pana vu¹¹hataro hoti, “±yasm±, bhante, tisso”ti vattabba½.Evañhi tena tassatth±ya pav±rita½ hoti. Pav±raºa½ dentena pana chandopi d±tabbo, chandad±na½heµµh± vuttanayeneva veditabba½. Idh±pi chandad±na½ avasesakammatth±ya. Tasm± sacepav±raºa½ dento chanda½ deti, vuttanayena ±haµ±ya pav±raº±ya tena ca bhikkhun± saªghena capav±ritameva hoti. Atha pav±raºameva deti, na chanda½, tassa ca pav±raº±ya ±rocit±yasaªghena ca pav±rite sabbesa½ suppav±rita½ hoti, añña½ pana kamma½ kuppati. Sace chandamevadeti, na pav±raºa½, saªghassa pav±raº± ca sesakamm±ni ca na kuppanti, tena pana bhikkhun±appav±rita½ hoti, pav±raº±divase pana bahis²m±ya pav±raºa½ adhiµµhahitv± ±gatenapichando d±tabbo tena saªghassa pav±raº±kamma½ na kuppati.