3. Tatiyap±r±jika½

Tatiya½ t²hi suddhena, ya½ buddhena vibh±vita½;
p±r±jika½ tassa d±ni, patto sa½vaººan±kkamo.
Yasm± tasm± suviññeyya½, ya½ pubbe ca pak±sita½;
ta½ vajjayitv± ass±pi, hoti sa½vaººan± aya½.

Paµhamapaññattinid±navaººan±

162. Tena samayena buddho bhagav± ves±liya½ viharati mah±vane k³µ±g±ras±l±yanti ettha ves±liyanti eva½n±make itthiliªgavasena pavattavoh±re nagare. Tañhi nagara½ tikkhattu½ p±k±raparikkhepava¹¹hanena vis±l²bh³tatt± “ves±l²”ti vuccati. Idampi ca nagara½ sabbaññutappatteyeva samm±sambuddhe sabb±k±rena vepulla½ pattanti veditabba½. Eva½ gocarag±ma½ dassetv± niv±saµµh±na m±ha– “mah±vane k³µ±g±ras±l±yan”ti. Tattha mah±vana½ n±ma saya½j±ta½ aropima½ sapariccheda½ mahanta½ vana½. Kapilavatthus±mant± pana mah±vana½ himavantena saha ek±baddha½ apariccheda½ hutv± mah±samudda½ ±hacca µhita½. Ida½ t±disa½ na hoti, sapariccheda½ mahanta½ vananti mah±vana½. K³µ±g±ras±l± pana mah±vana½ niss±ya kate ±r±me k³µ±g±ra½ anto katv± ha½savaµµakacchadanena kat± sabb±k±rasampann± buddhassa bhagavato gandhakuµi veditabb±.

Anekapariy±yena asubhakatha½ kathet²ti anekehi k±raºehi asubh±k±rasandassanappavatta½ k±yavicchandaniyakatha½ katheti. Seyyathida½– “atthi imasmi½ k±ye kes± lom±…pe muttan”ti. Ki½ vutta½ hoti? Bhikkhave, imasmi½ by±mamatte ka¼evare sabb±k±renapi vicinanto na koci kiñci mutta½ v± maºi½ v± ve¼uriya½ v± agaru½ v± candana½ v± kuªkuma½ v± kapp³ra½ v± v±sacuºº±d²ni v± aºumattampi sucibh±va½ passati. Atha kho paramaduggandha½ jeguccha½ assir²kadassana½ kesalom±din±nappak±ra½ asuci½yeva passati. Tasm± na ettha chando v± r±go v± karaº²yo. Yepi hi uttamaªge sirasmi½ j±t± kes± n±ma, tepi asubh± ceva asucino ca paµikk³l± ca. So ca nesa½ asubh±sucipaµikk³labh±vo vaººatopi saºµh±natopi gandhatopi ±sayatopi ok±satop²ti pañcahi k±raºehi veditabbo. Eva½ lom±d²nanti. Ayamettha saªkhepo, vitth±ro pana visuddhimagge (visuddhi. 1.182) vuttanayena veditabbo. Iti bhagav± ekamekasmi½ koµµh±se pañcapañcappabhedena anekapariy±yena asubhakatha½ katheti.

Asubh±ya vaººa½ bh±sat²ti uddhum±tak±divasena asubham±tika½ nikkhipitv± padabh±jan²yena ta½ vibhajanto vaººento sa½vaººento asubh±ya vaººa½ bh±sati. Asubhabh±van±ya vaººa½ bh±sat²ti y± aya½ kes±d²su v± uddhum±tak±d²su v± ajjhattabahiddh±vatth³su asubh±k±ra½ gahetv± pavattassa cittassa bh±van± va¹¹han± ph±tikamma½, tass± asubhabh±van±ya ±nisa½sa½ dassento vaººa½ bh±sati, guºa½ parikitteti. Seyyathida½– “asubhabh±van±bhiyutto, bhikkhave bhikkhu kes±d²su v± vatth³su uddhum±tak±d²su v± pañcaªgavippah²na½ pañcaªgasamann±gata½ tividhakaly±ºa½ dasalakkhaºasampanna½ paµhama½ jh±na½ paµilabhati. So ta½ paµhamajjh±nasaªkh±ta½ cittamañj³sa½ niss±ya vipassana½ va¹¹hetv± uttamattha½ arahatta½ p±puº±t²”ti.

Tatrim±ni paµhamassa jh±nassa dasa lakkhaº±ni– p±ripanthikato cittavisuddhi, majjhimassa sam±dhinimittassa paµipatti, tattha cittapakkhandana½, visuddhassa cittassa ajjhupekkhana½, samathappaµipannassa ajjhupekkhana½, ekattupaµµh±nassa ajjhupekkhana½, tattha j±t±na½ dhamm±na½ anativattanaµµhena sampaha½san±, indriy±na½ ekarasaµµhena tadupagav²riyav±hanaµµhena ±sevanaµµhena sampaha½san±ti.

Tatr±ya½ p±¼i– “paµhamassa jh±nassa ko ±di, ki½ majjhe, ki½ pariyos±na½? Paµhamassa jh±nassa paµipad±visuddhi ±di, upekkh±nubr³han± majjhe, sampaha½san± pariyos±na½. Paµhamassa jh±nassa paµipad±visuddhi ±di, ±dissa kati lakkhaº±ni? ¾dissa t²ºi lakkhaº±ni– yo tassa paripantho tato citta½ visujjhati, visuddhatt± citta½ majjhima½ samathanimitta½ paµipajjati, paµipannatt± tattha citta½ pakkhandati. Yañca paripanthato citta½ visujjhati, yañca visuddhatt± citta½ majjhima½ samathanimitta½ paµipajjati, yañca paµipannatt± tattha citta½ pakkhandati. Paµhamassa jh±nassa paµipad±visuddhi ±di, ±dissa im±ni t²ºi lakkhaº±ni. Tena vuccati– ‘paµhama½ jh±na½ ±dikaly±ºañceva hoti tilakkhaºasampannañca’.

“Paµhamassa jh±nassa upekkh±nubr³han± majjhe, majjhassa kati lakkhaº±ni? Majjhassa t²ºi lakkhaº±ni– visuddha½ citta½ ajjhupekkhati, samathappaµipanna½ ajjhupekkhati, ekattupaµµh±na½ ajjhupekkhati. Yañca visuddha½ citta½ ajjhupekkhati, yañca samathappaµipanna½ ajjhupekkhati yañca ekattupaµµh±na½ ajjhupekkhati. Paµhamassa jh±nassa upekkh±nubr³han± majjhe, majjhassa im±ni t²ºi lakkhaº±ni. Tena vuccati– ‘paµhama½ jh±na½ majjhekaly±ºañceva hoti tilakkhaºasampannañca’.

“Paµhamassa jh±nassa sampaha½san± pariyos±na½, pariyos±nassa kati lakkhaº±ni? Pariyos±nassa catt±ri lakkhaº±ni– tattha j±t±na½ dhamm±na½ anativattanaµµhena sampaha½san±, indriy±na½ ekarasaµµhena sampaha½san±, tadupagav²riyav±hanaµµhena sampaha½san±, ±sevanaµµhena sampaha½san±. Paµhamassa jh±nassa sampaha½san± pariyos±na½, pariyos±nassa im±ni catt±ri lakkhaº±ni Tena vuccati– ‘paµhama½ jh±na½ pariyos±nakaly±ºañceva hoti catulakkhaºasampannañca. “Eva½ tividhattagata½ citta½ tividhakaly±ºaka½ dasalakkhaºasampanna½ vitakkasampannañceva hoti vic±rasampannañca p²tisampannañca sukhasampannañca cittassa adhiµµh±nasampannañca saddh±sampannañca v²riyasampannañca satisampannañca sam±dhisampannañca paññ±sampannañc±”ti (paµi. ro. 1.158).

¾dissa ±dissa asubhasam±pattiy± vaººa½ bh±sat²ti “evampi itthamp²”ti punappuna½ vavatth±na½ katv± ±disanto asubhasam±pattiy± vaººa½ bh±sati, ±nisa½sa½ katheti, guºa½ parikitteti. Seyyathida½– “asubhasaññ±paricitena, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno cetas± bahula½ viharato methunadhammasam±pattiy± citta½ paµil²yati paµikuµati paµivaµµati, na sampas±r²yati, upekkh± v± p±µikulyat± v± saºµh±ti. Seyyath±pi, bhikkhave, kukkuµapatta½ v± nh±rudaddula½ v± aggimhi pakkhitta½ paµil²yati paµikuµati paµivaµµati, na sampas±r²yati; evameva kho, bhikkhave, asubhasaññ±paricitena bhikkhuno cetas± bahula½ viharato methunadhammasam±pattiy± citta½ paµil²yati paµikuµati paµivaµµati, na sampas±r²yat²”ti (a. ni. 7.49).

Icch±maha½, bhikkhave, addham±sa½ paµisall²yitunti aha½ bhikkhave eka½ addham±sa½ paµisall²yitu½ nil²yitu½ ekova hutv± viharitu½ icch±m²ti attho. Namhi kenaci upasaªkamitabbo aññatra ekena piº¹ap±tan²h±raken±ti yo attan± payuttav±ca½ akatv± mamatth±ya saddhesu kulesu paµiyatta½ piº¹ap±ta½ n²haritv± mayha½ upan±meti, ta½ piº¹ap±tan²h±raka½ eka½ bhikkhu½ µhapetv± namhi aññena kenaci bhikkhun± v± gahaµµhena v± upasaªkamitabboti.

Kasm± pana evam±h±ti? At²te kira pañcasat± migaluddak± mahat²hi daº¹av±gur±hi arañña½ parikkhipitv± haµµhatuµµh± ekatoyeva y±vaj²va½ migapakkhigh±takammena j²vika½ kappetv± niraye upapann±; te tattha paccitv± pubbe katena kenacideva kusalakammena manussesu upapann± kaly±º³panissayavasena sabbepi bhagavato santike pabbajjañca upasampadañca labhi½su; tesa½ tato m³l±kusalakammato avipakkavip±k± apar±paracetan± tasmi½ addham±sabbhantare att³pakkamena ca par³pakkamena ca j²vatupacched±ya ok±samak±si, ta½ bhagav± addasa. Kammavip±ko n±ma na sakk± kenaci paµib±hitu½. Tesu ca bhikkh³su puthujjan±pi atthi sot±pannasakad±g±m²-an±g±m²kh²º±sav±pi. Tattha kh²º±sav± appaµisandhik±, itare ariyas±vak± niyatagatik± sugatipar±yaº±, puthujjan±na½ pana gati aniyat±. Atha bhagav± cintesi “ime attabh±ve chandar±gena maraºabhayabh²t± na sakkhissanti gati½ visodhetu½, handa nesa½ chandar±gappah±n±ya asubhakatha½ kathemi. Ta½ sutv± attabh±ve vigatacchandar±gat±ya gativisodhana½ katv± sagge paµisandhi½ gaºhissanti. Eva½ nesa½ mama santike pabbajj± s±tthik± bhavissat²”ti.

Tato tesa½ anuggah±ya asubhakatha½ kathesi kammaµµh±nas²sena, no maraºavaººasa½vaººan±dhipp±yena. Kathetv± ca panassa etadahosi– “sace ma½ ima½ addham±sa½ bhikkh³ passissanti, ‘ajja eko bhikkhu mato, ajja dve…pe… ajja das±’ti ±gantv± ±gantv± ±rocessanti. Ayañca kammavip±ko na sakk± may± v± aññena v± paµib±hitu½. Sv±ha½ ta½ sutv±pi ki½ kariss±mi? Ki½ me anatthakena anayabyasanena sutena? Hand±ha½ bhikkh³na½ adassana½ upagacch±m²”ti. Tasm± evam±ha– “icch±maha½, bhikkhave, addham±sa½ patisall²yitu½; namhi kenaci upasaªkamitabbo aññatra ekena piº¹ap±tan²h±raken±”ti.

Apare pan±hu– “par³pav±davivajjanattha½ eva½ vatv± paµisall²no”ti. Pare kira bhagavanta½ upavadissanti– “aya½ ‘sabbaññ³, aha½ saddhammavaracakkavatt²’ti paµij±nam±no attanopi s±vake aññamañña½ gh±tente niv±retu½ na sakkoti. Kimañña½ sakkhissat²”ti? Tattha paº¹it± vakkhanti– “bhagav± paµisall±namanuyutto nayima½ pavatti½ j±n±ti, kocissa ±rocayit±pi natthi, sace j±neyya addh± niv±reyy±”ti. Ida½ pana icch±matta½, paµhamamevettha k±raºa½. N±ssudh±ti ettha “assudh±”ti padap³raºamatte avadh±raºatthe v± nip±to; neva koci bhagavanta½ upasaªkamat²ti attho.

Anekehi vaººasaºµh±n±d²hi k±raºehi vok±ro ass±ti anek±k±ravok±ro; anek±k±ravokiººo anekak±raºasammissoti vutta½ hoti. Ko so? Asubhabh±van±nuyogo, ta½ anek±k±ravok±ra½ asubhabh±van±nuyoga½ anuyutt± viharant²ti yuttapayutt± viharanti. Aµµ²yant²ti sakena k±yena aµµ± dukkhit± honti Har±yant²ti lajjanti. Jigucchant²ti sañj±tajigucch± honti. Daharoti taruºo. Yuv±ti yobbanena samann±gato. Maº¹anakaj±tikoti maº¹anakapakatiko. S²sa½nh±toti s²sena saddhi½ nh±to. Daharo yuv±ti cettha daharavacanena paµhamayobbanabh±va½ dasseti. Paµhamayobbane hi satt± visesena maº¹anakaj±tik± honti. S²sa½nh±toti imin± maº¹an±nuyogak±la½. Yuv±pi hi kiñci kamma½ katv± sa½kiliµµhasar²ro na maº¹an±nuyutto hoti; s²sa½nh±to pana so maº¹anamev±nuyuñjati. Ahikuºap±d²ni daµµhumpi na icchati. So tasmi½ khaºe ahikuºapena v± kukkurakuºapena v± manussakuºapena v± kaºµhe ±sattena kenacideva paccatthikena ±netv± kaºµhe baddhena paµimukkena yath± aµµ²yeyya har±yeyya jiguccheyya; evameva te bhikkh³ sakena k±yena aµµ²yant± har±yant± jigucchant± so viya puriso ta½ kuºapa½ vigatacchandar±gat±ya attano k±ya½ pariccajituk±m± hutv± sattha½ ±d±ya attan±pi att±na½ j²vit± voropenti. “Tva½ ma½ j²vit± voropehi; aha½ tan”ti eva½ aññamaññampi j²vit± voropenti.

Migalaº¹ikampi samaºakuttakanti migalaº¹ikoti tassa n±ma½; samaºakuttakoti samaºavesadh±rako. So kira sikh±matta½ µhapetv± s²sa½ muº¹etv± eka½ k±s±va½ niv±setv± eka½ a½se katv± vih±ra½yeva upaniss±ya vigh±s±dabh±vena j²vati. Tampi migalaº¹ika½ samaºakuttaka½ upasaªkamitv± eva½ vadanti. S±dh³ti ±y±canatthe nip±to. Noti upayogabahuvacana½, s±dhu ±vuso amhe j²vit± voropeh²ti vutta½ hoti. Ettha ca ariy± neva p±º±tip±ta½ kari½su na sam±dapesu½, na samanuññ± ahesu½. Puthujjan± pana sabbamaka½su. Lohitakanti lohitamakkhita½. Yena vaggumud±nad²ti vaggumat± lokassa puññasammat± nad². Sopi kira “ta½ p±pa½ tattha pav±hess±m²”ti saññ±ya gato, nadiy± ±nubh±vena appamattakampi p±pa½ pah²na½ n±ma natthi.

163. Ahudeva kukkuccanti tesu kira bhikkh³su kenacipi k±yavik±ro v± vac²vik±ro v± na kato, sabbe sat± sampaj±n± dakkhiºena passena nipajji½su. Ta½ anussarato tassa kukkucca½ ahosiyeva. Ahu vippaµis±roti tasseva kukkuccassa sabh±vaniyamanatthameta½ vutta½ Vippaµis±rakukkucca½ ahosi, na vinayakukkuccanti. Al±bh± vata meti-±di kukkuccassa pavatti-±k±radassanattha½ vutta½. Tattha al±bh± vata meti ±yati½ d±ni mama hitasukhal±bh± n±ma natth²ti anutthun±ti. “Na vata me l±bh±”ti-imin± pana tamevattha½ da¼ha½ karoti. Ayañhettha adhipp±yo– sacepi koci “l±bh± te”ti vadeyya, ta½ micch±, na vata me l±bh±ti. Dulladdha½ vata meti kusal±nubh±vena laddhampi ida½ manussatta½ dulladdha½ vata me. Na vata me suladdhanti-imin± pana tamevattha½ da¼ha½ karoti. Ayañhettha adhipp±yo– sacepi koci “suladdha½ te”ti vadeyya, ta½ micch±; na vata me suladdhanti. Apuñña½ pasutanti apuñña½ upacita½ janita½ v±. Kasm±ti ce? Yoha½ bhikkh³…pe… voropesinti Tassattho– yo aha½ s²lavante t±ya eva s²lavantat±ya kaly±ºadhamme uttamadhamme seµµhadhamme bhikkh³ j²vit± voropesinti.

Aññatar± m±rak±yik±ti n±mavasena ap±kaµ± ek± bhummadevat± micch±diµµhik± m±rapakkhik± m±rassanuvattik± “evamaya½ m±radheyya½ m±ravisaya½ n±tikkamissat²”ti cintetv± sabb±bharaºavibh³sit± hutv± attano ±nubh±va½ dassayam±n± abhijjam±ne udake pathav²tale caªkamam±n± viya ±gantv± migalaº¹ika½ samaºakuttaka½ etadavoca. S±dhu s±dh³ti sampaha½sanatthe nip±to; tasm± eva dvivacana½ kata½. Atiººe t±res²ti sa½s±rato atiººe imin± j²vit±voropanena t±resi parimoces²ti. Aya½ kira etiss± devat±ya b±l±ya dummedh±ya laddhi “ye na mat±, te sa½s±rato na mutt±. Ye mat±, te mutt±”ti. Tasm± sa½s±ramocakamilakkh± viya eva½laddhik± hutv± tampi tattha niyojent² evam±ha. Atha kho migalaº¹iko samaºakuttako t±va bhusa½ uppannavippaµis±ropi ta½ devat±ya ±nubh±va½ disv± “aya½ devat± evam±ha– addh± imin± atthena evameva bhavitabban”ti niµµha½ gantv± “l±bh± kira me”ti-±d²ni parikittayanto. Vih±rena vih±ra½ pariveºena pariveºa½ upasaªkamitv± eva½ vadet²ti ta½ ta½ vih±rañca pariveºañca upasaªkamitv± dv±ra½ vivaritv± anto pavisitv± bhikkh³ eva½ vadati– “ko atiººo, ka½ t±rem²”ti?

Hotiyeva bhayanti maraºa½ paµicca cittutr±so hoti. Hoti chambhitattanti hadayama½sa½ ±di½ katv± tasm± sar²racalana½ hoti; atibhayena thaddhasar²rattantipi eke, thambhitattañhi chambhitattanti vuccati. Lomaha½soti uddha½µhitalomat±, kh²º±sav± pana sattasuññat±ya sudiµµhatt± maraºakasattameva na passanti, tasm± tesa½ sabbampeta½ n±hos²ti veditabba½. Ekampi bhikkhu½ dvepi…pe… saµµhimpi bhikkh³ ek±hena j²vit± voropes²ti eva½ gaºanavasena sabb±nipi t±ni pañca bhikkhusat±ni j²vit± voropesi.

164. Paµisall±n± vuµµhitoti tesa½ pañcanna½ bhikkhusat±na½ j²vitakkhayapattabh±va½ ñatv± tato ek²bh±vato vuµµhito j±nantopi aj±nanto viya kath±samuµµh±panattha½ ±yasmanta½ ±nanda½ ±mantesi. Ki½ nu kho ±nanda tanubh³to viya bhikkhusaªghoti ±nanda ito pubbe bah³ bhikkh³ ekato upaµµh±na½ ±gacchanti, uddesa½ paripuccha½ gaºhanti sajjh±yanti, ekapajjoto viya ±r±mo dissati, id±ni pana addham±samattassa accayena tanubh³to viya tanuko mando appako vira¼avira¼o viya j±to bhikkhusaªgho. Kinnu kho k±raºa½, ki½ dis±su pakkant± bhikkh³ti?

Ath±yasm± ±nando kammavip±kena tesa½ j²vitakkhayappatti½ asallakkhento asubhakammaµµh±n±nuyogapaccay± pana sallakkhento “tath± hi pana bhante bhagav±”ti-±di½ vatv± bhikkh³na½ arahattappattiy± añña½ kammaµµh±na½ y±canto “s±dhu bhante bhagav±”ti-±dim±ha. Tassattho– s±dhu bhante bhagav± añña½ k±raºa½ ±cikkhatu, yena bhikkhusaªgho arahatte patiµµhaheyya; mah±samudda½ orohaºatitth±ni viya hi aññ±nipi das±nussatidasakasiºacatudh±tuvavatth±nabrahmavih±r±n±p±nasatippabhed±ni bah³ni nibb±norohaºakammaµµh±n±ni santi. Tesu bhagav± bhikkh³ samass±setv± aññatara½ kammaµµh±na½ ±cikkhat³ti adhipp±yo.

Atha bhagav± tath± k±tuk±mo thera½ uyyojento “tenah±nand±”ti-±dim±ha. Tattha ves±li½ upaniss±y±ti ves±li½ upaniss±ya samant± g±vutepi addhayojanepi y±vatik± bhikkh³ viharanti te sabbe sannip±teh²ti attho. Te sabbe upaµµh±nas±l±ya½ sannip±tetv±ti attan± gantu½ yuttaµµh±na½ saya½ gantv± aññattha daharabhikkh³ pahiºitv± muhutteneva anavasese bhikkh³ upaµµh±nas±l±ya½ sam³ha½ katv±. Yassa d±ni bhante bhagav± k±la½ maññat²ti ettha ayamadhipp±yo– bhagav± bhikkhusaªgho sannipatito esa k±lo bhikkh³na½ dhammakatha½ k±tu½, anus±sani½ d±tu½, id±ni yassa tumhe k±la½ j±n±tha, ta½ kattabbanti.