2. Vicayah±ravibhaªgo
11. Tattha katamo vicayo h±ro? “Ya½ pucchitañca vissajjitañc±”ti g±th±, aya½ vicayo h±ro. Ki½ vicinati? Pada½ vicinati, pañha½ vicinati, visajjana½ [vissajjana½ (s². ka.)] vicinati, pubb±para½ vicinati, ass±da½ vicinati, ±d²nava½ vicinati, nissaraºa½ vicinati, phala½ vicinati, up±ya½ vicinati, ±ºatti½ vicinati, anug²ti½ vicinati, sabbe nava suttante vicinati. Yath± ki½ bhave, yath± ±yasm± ajito p±r±yane bhagavanta½ pañha½ pucchati–
“Kenassu [passa su. ni. 1038] nivuto loko, [icc±yasm± ajito,]
kenassu nappak±sati;
kiss±bhilepana½ br³si, ki½ su tassa mahabbhayan”ti.
Im±ni catt±ri pad±ni pucchit±ni, so eko pañho. Kasm±? Ekavatthu pariggah±, evañhi ±ha “kenassu nivuto loko”ti lok±dhiµµh±na½ pucchati, “kenassu nappak±sat²”ti lokassa appak±sana½ pucchati, “kiss±bhilepana½ br³s²”ti lokassa abhilepana½ pucchati, “ki½su tassa mahabbhayan”ti tasseva lokassa mah±bhaya½ pucchati. Loko tividho kilesaloko bhavaloko indriyaloko. Tattha visajjan±–
“Avijj±ya nivuto loko, [ajit±ti bhagav±,]
vivicch± [vevicch± (su. ni. 1039)] pam±d± nappak±sati;
japp±bhilepana½ br³mi, dukkhamassa mahabbhayan”ti.
Im±ni catt±ri pad±ni imehi cat³hi padehi visajjit±ni paµhama½ paµhamena, dutiya½ dutiyena, tatiya½ tatiyena, catuttha½ catutthena. “Kenassu nivuto loko”ti pañhe “avijj±ya nivuto loko”ti visajjan±. N²varaºehi nivuto loko, avijj±n²varaº± hi sabbe satt±. Yath±ha bhagav± “sabbasatt±na½, bhikkhave, sabbap±º±na½ sabbabh³t±na½ pariy±yato ekameva n²varaºa½ vad±mi yadida½ avijj±, avijj±n²varaº± hi sabbe satt±. Sabbasova, bhikkhave, avijj±ya nirodh± c±g± paµinissagg± natthi satt±na½ n²varaºanti vad±m²”ti. Tena ca paµhamassa padassa visajjan± yutt±. “Kenassu nappak±sat²”ti pañhe “vivicch± pam±d± nappak±sat²”ti visajjan±. Yo puggalo n²varaºehi nivuto, so vivicchati. Vivicch± n±ma vuccati vicikicch±. So vicikicchanto n±bhisaddahati, na abhisaddahanto v²riya½ n±rabhati akusal±na½ dhamm±na½ pah±n±ya kusal±na½ dhamm±na½ sacchikiriy±ya. So idhappam±damanuyutto viharati pamatto, sukke dhamme na upp±diyati, tassa te anupp±diyam±n± nappak±santi, yath±ha bhagav±–
“D³re santo pak±santi [pak±senti dha. pa. 304], himavantova pabbato;
asantettha na dissanti, ratti½ khitt± [ratti khitt± (s².), passa dha. pa. 304] yath± sar±;
te guºehi pak±santi, kittiy± ca yasena c±”ti.
Tena ca dutiyassa padassa visajjan± yutt±. “Kiss±bhilepana½ br³s²”ti pañhe “japp±bhilepana½ br³m²”ti visajjan±. Japp± n±ma vuccati taºh±. S± katha½ abhilimpati? Yath±ha bhagav±–
“Ratto attha½ na j±n±ti, ratto dhamma½ na passati;
andhantama½ [andhatama½ (ka.)] tad± hoti, ya½ r±go sahate naran”ti.
S±ya½ taºh± ±sattibahulassa puggalassa “eva½ abhijapp±”ti karitv± tattha loko abhilitto n±ma bhavati, tena ca tatiyassa padassa visajjan± yutt±. “Ki½ su tassa mahabbhayan”ti pañhe “dukkhamassa mahabbhayan”ti visajjan±. Duvidha½ dukkha½– k±yikañca cetasikañca. Ya½ k±yika½ ida½ dukkha½, ya½ cetasika½ ida½ domanassa½. Sabbe satt± hi dukkhassa ubbijjanti, natthi bhaya½ dukkhena samasama½, kuto v± pana tassa uttaritara½? Tisso dukkhat±– dukkhadukkhat± saªkh±radukkhat± vipariº±madukkhat±. Tattha loko odhaso kad±ci karahaci dukkhadukkhat±ya muccati. Tath± vipariº±madukkhat±ya. Ta½ kissa hetu? Honti loke app±b±dh±pi d²gh±yuk±pi. Saªkh±radukkhat±ya pana loko anup±dises±ya nibb±nadh±tuy± muccati, tasm± saªkh±radukkhat± dukkha½ lokass±ti katv± dukkhamassa mahabbhayanti. Tena ca catutthassa padassa visajjan± yutt±. Ten±ha bhagav± “avijj±ya nivuto loko”ti.
Savanti sabbadhi sot±, [icc±yasm± ajito,]
sot±na½ ki½ niv±raºa½;
sot±na½ sa½vara½ br³hi, kena sot± pidh²yare [pith²yare (s².), pidhiyyare (ka.), passa su. ni. 1040].
Im±ni catt±ri pad±ni pucchit±ni. Te dve pañh±. Kasm±? Imehi batv±dhivacanena pucchit±. Eva½ sam±pannassa lokassa eva½ sa½kiliµµhassa ki½ lokassa vod±na½ vuµµh±namiti, evañhi ±ha. Savanti sabbadhi sot±ti. Asam±hitassa savanti abhijjh±by±p±dappam±dabahulassa. Tattha y± abhijjh± aya½ lobho akusalam³la½, yo by±p±do aya½ doso akusalam³la½, yo pam±do aya½ moho akusalam³la½. Tasseva½ asam±hitassa chasu ±yatanesu taºh± savanti r³pataºh± saddataºh± gandhataºh± rasataºh± phoµµhabbataºh± dhammataºh±, yath±ha bhagav±– “Savat²”ti ca kho, bhikkhave, channeta½ ajjhattik±na½ ±yatan±na½ adhivacana½. Cakkhu savati man±pikesu r³pesu, aman±pikesu [aman±piyesu (ka.)] paµihaññat²ti. Sota½…pe… gh±na½… jivh±… k±yo… mano savati man±pikesu dhammesu aman±pikesu paµihaññat²ti. Iti sabb± ca savati, sabbath± ca savati. Ten±ha “savanti sabbadhi sot±”ti. “Sot±na½ ki½ niv±raºan”ti pariyuµµh±navigh±ta½ pucchati, ida½ vod±na½. “Sot±na½ sa½vara½ br³hi, kena sot± pidh²yare”ti anusayasamuggh±ta½ pucchati, ida½ vuµµh±na½. Tattha visajjan±–
“Y±ni sot±ni lokasmi½, [ajit±ti bhagav±,]
sati tesa½ niv±raºa½;
sot±na½ sa½vara½ br³mi, paññ±yete pidh²yare”ti.
K±yagat±ya satiy± bh±vit±ya bahul²kat±ya cakkhu n±viñchati man±pikesu r³pesu, aman±pikesu na paµihaññati, sota½…pe… gh±na½… jivh±… k±yo… mano n±viñchati man±pikesu dhammesu, aman±pikesu na paµihaññati. Kena k±raºena? Sa½vutaniv±ritatt± indriy±na½ Kena te sa½vutaniv±rit±? Sati-±rakkhena. Ten±ha bhagav±– “sati tesa½ niv±raºan”ti. Paññ±ya anusay± pah²yanti, anusayesu pah²nesu pariyuµµh±n± pah²yanti. Kissa [tassa (s².)], anusayassa pah²natt±? Ta½ yath± khandhavantassa rukkhassa anavasesam³luddharaºe kate pupphaphalapallavaªkurasantati samucchinn± bhavati. Eva½ anusayesu pah²nesu pariyuµµh±nasantati samucchinn± bhavati pidahit± paµicchann±. Kena? Paññ±ya. Ten±ha bhagav± “paññ±yete pidh²yare”ti.
“Paññ± ceva sati ca, [icc±yasm± ajito,]
n±mar³pañca m±risa;
eta½ me puµµho pabr³hi, kattheta½ uparujjhat²”ti.
“Yameta½ pañha½ apucchi [ma½ pucchi (ka.), passa su. ni. 1043], ajita ta½ vad±mi te;
yattha n±mañca r³pañca, asesa½ uparujjhati;
viññ±ºassa nirodhena, ettheta½ uparujjhat²”ti.
Aya½ pañhe [pañho (s². ka.) nettivibh±van² passitabb±] anusandhi½ pucchati. Anusandhi½ pucchanto ki½ pucchati? Anup±disesa½ nibb±nadh±tu½. T²ºi ca sacc±ni saªkhat±ni nirodhadhamm±ni dukkha½ samudayo maggo, nirodho asaªkhato. Tattha samudayo dv²su bh³m²su pah²yati dassanabh³miy± ca bh±van±bh³miy± ca. Dassanena t²ºi sa½yojan±ni pah²yanti sakk±yadiµµhi vicikicch± s²labbatapar±m±so, bh±van±ya satta sa½yojan±ni pah²yanti k±macchando by±p±do r³par±go ar³par±go m±no uddhacca½ avijj±vases± [avijj± ca niravases± (s². ka.)]. Tedh±tuke im±ni dasa sa½yojan±ni pañcorambh±giy±ni pañcuddhambh±giy±ni. 12. Tattha t²ºi sa½yojan±ni sakk±yadiµµhi vicikicch± s²labbatapar±m±so anaññ±taññass±m²tindriya½ adhiµµh±ya nirujjhanti. Satta sa½yojan±ni k±macchando by±p±do r³par±go ar³par±go m±no uddhacca½ avijj±vases± aññindriya½ adhiµµh±ya nirujjhanti. Ya½ pana eva½ j±n±ti “kh²º± me j±t²”ti, ida½ khaye ñ±ºa½. “N±para½ itthatt±y±”ti paj±n±ti, ida½ anupp±de ñ±ºa½. Im±ni dve ñ±º±ni aññ±t±vindriya½. Tattha yañca anaññ±taññass±m²tindriya½ yañca aññindriya½, im±ni aggaphala½ arahatta½ p±puºantassa nirujjhanti, tattha yañca khaye ñ±ºa½ yañca anupp±de ñ±ºa½, im±ni dve ñ±º±ni ekapaññ±. Api ca ±rammaºasaªketena dve n±m±ni labbhanti, “kh²º± me j±t²”ti paj±nantassa khaye ñ±ºanti n±ma½ labhati, “n±para½ itthatt±y±”ti paj±nantassa anupp±de ñ±ºanti n±ma½ labhati. S± paj±nanaµµhena paññ±, yath±diµµha½ apil±panaµµhena sati. 13. Tattha ye pañcup±d±nakkhandh±, ida½ n±mar³pa½. Tattha ye phassapañcamak± dhamm±, ida½ n±ma½. Y±ni pañcindriy±ni r³p±ni, ida½ r³pa½. Tadubhaya½ n±mar³pa½ viññ±ºasampayutta½ tassa nirodha½ bhagavanta½ pucchanto ±yasm± ajito p±r±yane evam±ha–
“Paññ± ceva sati ca, n±mar³pañca m±risa;
eta½ me puµµho pabr³hi, kattheta½ uparujjhat²”ti.
Tattha sati ca paññ± ca catt±ri indriy±ni, sati dve indriy±ni satindriyañca sam±dhindriyañca, paññ± dve indriy±ni paññindriyañca v²riyindriyañca. Y± imesu cat³su indriyesu saddahan± okappan±, ida½ saddhindriya½. Tattha y± saddh±dhipateyy± cittekaggat±, aya½ chandasam±dhi. Sam±hite citte kiles±na½ vikkhambhanat±ya paµisaªkh±nabalena v± bh±van±balena v±, ida½ pah±na½. Tattha ye ass±sapass±s± vitakkavic±r± saññ±vedayit± sarasaªkapp±, ime saªkh±r±. Iti purimako ca chandasam±dhi, kilesavikkhambhanat±ya ca pah±na½ ime ca saªkh±r±, tadubhaya½ chandasam±dhippadh±nasaªkh±rasamann±gata½ iddhip±da½ bh±veti vivekanissita½ vir±ganissita½ nirodhanissita½ vossaggapariº±mi½. Tattha y± v²riy±dhipateyy± cittekaggat±, aya½ v²riyasam±dhi…pe… tattha y± citt±dhipateyy± cittekaggat±, aya½ cittasam±dhi…pe… tattha y± v²ma½s±dhipateyy± cittekaggat±, aya½ v²ma½s±sam±dhi. Sam±hite citte kiles±na½ vikkhambhanat±ya paµisaªkh±nabalena v± bh±van±balena v±, ida½ pah±na½. Tattha ye ass±sapass±s± vitakkavic±r± saññ±vedayit± sarasaªkapp±, ime saªkh±r±. Iti purimako ca v²ma½s±sam±dhi, kilesavikkhambhanat±ya ca pah±na½ ime ca saªkh±r±, tadubhaya½ v²ma½s±sam±dhippadh±nasaªkh±rasamann±gata½ iddhip±da½ bh±veti vivekanissita½ vir±ganissita½ nirodhanissita½ vossaggapariº±mi½. 14. Sabbo sam±dhi ñ±ºam³lako ñ±ºapubbaªgamo ñ±º±nuparivatti.
Yath± pure tath± pacch±, yath± pacch± tath± pure;
yath± div± tath± ratti½ [ratti (ka.) aya½ g±th± therag±. 397 dissati], yath± ratti½ tath± div±.
Iti vivaµena cetas± apariyonaddhena sappabh±sa½ citta½ bh±veti. Pañcindriy±ni kusal±ni cittasahabh³ni citte uppajjam±ne uppajjanti, citte nirujjham±ne nirujjhanti. N±mar³pañca viññ±ºahetuka½ viññ±ºapaccay± nibbatta½, tassa maggena hetu upacchinno, viññ±ºa½ an±h±ra½ anabhinandita½ appaµisandhika½ ta½ nirujjhati. N±mar³pamapi ahetu appaccaya½ punabbhava½ na nibbattayati [nibbattiyati (ka.)]. Eva½ viññ±ºassa nirodh± paññ± ca sati ca n±mar³pañca nirujjhati. Ten±ha bhagav±–
“Yameta½ pañha½ apucchi, ajita ta½ vad±mi te;
yattha n±mañca r³pañca, asesa½ uparujjhati;
viññ±ºassa nirodhena, ettheta½ uparujjhat²”ti.
“Ye ca [aya½ g±th± su. ni. 1044 aññath± dissati] saªkh±tadhamm±se, [icc±yasm± ajito]
ye ca sekkh± puth³ idha;
tesa½ me nipako iriya½, puµµho pabr³hi m±ris±”ti.
15. Im±ni t²ºi pad±ni pucchit±ni, te tayo pañh±. Kissa? Sekh±sekhavipassan±pubbaªgamappah±nayogena, evañhi ±ha. “Ye ca saªkh±tadhamm±se”ti arahatta½ pucchati, “ye ca sekh± puth³ idh±”ti sekha½ pucchati, “tesa½ me nipako iriya½, puµµho pabr³hi m±ris±”ti vipassan±pubbaªgama½ pah±na½ pucchati. Tattha visajjan±–
“K±mesu n±bhigijjheyya, [ajit±ti bhagav±]
manas±n±vilo siy±;
kusalo sabbadhamm±na½, sato bhikkhu paribbaje”ti.
Bhagavato sabba½ k±yakamma½ ñ±ºapubbaªgama½ ñ±º±nuparivatti, sabba½ vac²kamma½ ñ±ºapubbaªgama½ ñ±º±nuparivatti, sabba½ manokamma½ ñ±ºapubbaªgama½ ñ±º±nuparivatti. At²te a½se appaµihatañ±ºadassana½, an±gate a½se appaµihatañ±ºadassana½, paccuppanne a½se appaµihatañ±ºadassana½. Ko ca ñ±ºadassanassa paµigh±to? Ya½ anicce dukkhe anattani ca aññ±ºa½ adassana½, aya½ ñ±ºadassanassa paµigh±to. Yath± idha puriso t±rakar³p±ni passeyya, no ca gaºanasaªketena j±neyya, aya½ ñ±ºadassanassa paµigh±to. Bhagavato pana appaµihatañ±ºadassana½, an±varaºañ±ºadassan± hi buddh± bhagavanto. Tattha sekhena dv²su dhammesu citta½ rakkhitabba½ gedh± ca rajan²yesu dhammesu, dos± ca pariyuµµh±n²yesu. Tattha y± icch± mucch± patthan± piy±yan± k²¼an±, ta½ bhagav± niv±rento evam±ha “k±mesu n±bhigijjheyy±”ti. “Manas±n±vilo siy±”ti pariyuµµh±navigh±ta½ ±ha. Tath± hi sekho abhigijjhanto asamuppannañca kilesa½ upp±deti, uppannañca kilesa½ ph±ti½ karoti. Yo pana an±vilasaªkappo anabhigijjhanto v±yamati, so anuppann±na½ p±pak±na½ akusal±na½ dhamm±na½ anupp±d±ya chanda½ janeti v±yamati v²riya½ ±rabhati citta½ paggaºh±ti padahati. So uppann±na½ p±pak±na½ akusal±na½ dhamm±na½ pah±n±ya chanda½ janeti v±yamati v²riya½ ±rabhati citta½ paggaºh±ti padahati. So anuppann±na½ kusal±na½ dhamm±na½ upp±d±ya chanda½ janeti v±yamati v²riya½ ±rabhati citta½ paggaºh±ti padahati. So uppann±na½ kusal±na½ dhamm±na½ µhitiy± asammos±ya bhiyyobh±v±ya vepull±ya bh±van±ya p±rip³riy± chanda½ janeti v±yamati v²riya½ ±rabhati citta½ paggaºh±ti padahati. 16. Katame [katame ca (aµµha.)] anuppann± p±pak± akusal± dhamm±? K±mavitakko by±p±davitakko vihi½s±vitakko, ime anuppann± p±pak± akusal± dhamm±. Katame uppann± p±pak± akusal± dhamm±? Anusay± akusalam³l±ni, ime uppann± p±pak± akusal± dhamm±. Katame anuppann± kusal± dhamm±? Y±ni sot±pannassa indriy±ni, ime anuppann± kusal± dhamm±. Katame uppann± kusal± dhamm±? Y±ni aµµhamakassa indriy±ni, ime uppann± kusal± dhamm±. Yena k±mavitakka½ v±reti, ida½ satindriya½. Yena by±p±davitakka½ v±reti, ida½ sam±dhindriya½. Yena vihi½s±vitakka½ v±reti, ida½ v²riyindriya½. Yena uppannuppanne p±pake akusale dhamme pajahati vinodeti byant²karoti anabh±va½ gameti n±dhiv±seti, ida½ paññindriya½. Y± imesu cat³su indriyesu saddahan± okappan±, ida½ saddhindriya½. Tattha saddhindriya½ kattha daµµhabba½? Cat³su sot±pattiyaªgesu. V²riyindriya½ kattha daµµhabba½? Cat³su sammappadh±nesu. Satindriya½ kattha daµµhabba½? Cat³su satipaµµh±nesu. Sam±dhindriya½ kattha daµµhabba½? Cat³su jh±nesu. Paññindriya½ kattha daµµhabba½? Cat³su ariyasaccesu. Eva½ sekho sabbehi kusalehi dhammehi appamatto vutto bhagavat± an±vilat±ya manas±. Ten±ha bhagav± “manas±n±vilosiy±”ti. 17. “Kusalo sabbadhamm±nan”ti loko n±ma tividho kilesaloko bhavaloko indriyaloko. Tattha kilesalokena bhavaloko samud±gacchati, so indriy±ni nibbatteti, indriyesu bh±viyam±nesu neyyassa pariññ± bhavati. S± duvidhena upaparikkhitabb± dassanapariññ±ya ca bh±van±pariññ±ya ca. Yad± hi sekho ñeyya½ parij±n±ti, tad± nibbid±sahagatehi saññ±manasik±rehi neyya½ pariññ±ta½ bhavati. Tassa dve dhamm± kosalla½ gacchanti– dassanakosallañca bh±van±kosallañca. Ta½ ñ±ºa½ pañcavidhena veditabbä½ abhiññ± pariññ± pah±na½ bh±van± sacchikiriy±. Tattha katam± abhiññ±? Ya½ dhamm±na½ salakkhaºe ñ±ºa½ dhammapaµisambhid± ca atthapaµisambhid± ca, aya½ abhiññ±. Tattha katam± pariññ±? Eva½ abhij±nitv± y± parij±nan± “ida½ kusala½, ida½ akusala½, ida½ s±vajja½, ida½ anavajja½, ida½ kaºha½, ida½ sukka½, ida½ sevitabba½, ida½ na sevitabba½, ime dhamm± eva½gahit±, ida½ phala½ nibbattenti [nibbatt±penti (ka.)], tesa½ eva½gahit±na½ aya½ attho”ti, aya½ pariññ±. Eva½ parij±nitv± tayo dhamm± avasiµµh± bhavanti pah±tabb± bh±vetabb± sacchik±tabb± ca. Tattha katame dhamm± pah±tabb±? Ye akusal±. Tattha katame dhamm± bh±vetabb±? Ye kusal±. Tattha katame dhamm± sacchik±tabb±? Ya½ asaªkhata½. Yo eva½ j±n±ti aya½ vuccati atthakusalo dhammakusalo kaly±ºat±kusalo phalat±kusalo, ±yakusalo ap±yakusalo up±yakusalo mahat± kosallena samann±gatoti, ten±ha bhagav± “kusalo sabbadhamm±nan”ti. “Sato bhikkhu paribbaje”ti tena diµµhadhammasukhavih±rattha½ abhikkante paµikkante ±lokite vilokite samiñjite [sammiñjite (s².)] pas±rite saªgh±µipattac²varadh±raºe asite p²te kh±yite s±yite ucc±rapass±vakamme gate µhite nisinne sutte j±garite bh±site tuºhibh±ve satena sampaj±nena vih±tabba½. Im± dve cariy± anuññ±t± bhagavat± ek± visuddh±na½, ek± visujjhant±na½. Ke visuddh±? Arahanto. Ke visujjhant±? Sekkh±. Katakicc±ni hi arahato indriy±ni. Ya½ bojjha½, ta½ catubbidha½ dukkhassa pariññ±bhisamayena samudayassa pah±n±bhisamayena maggassa bh±van±bhisamayena nirodhassa sacchikiriy±bhisamayena, ida½ catubbidha½ bojjha½ yo eva½ j±n±ti, aya½ vuccati sato abhikkamati sato paµikkamati khay± r±gassa khay± dosassa khay± mohassa. Ten±ha bhagav± “sato bhikkhu paribbaje”ti, ten±ha–
“K±mesu n±bhigijjheyya, [ajit±ti bhagav±]
manas±n±vilo siy±;
kusalo sabbadhamm±na½, sato bhikkhu paribbaje”ti.
Eva½ pucchitabba½, eva½ visajjitabba½. Suttassa ca anug²ti atthato ca byañjanato ca sam±netabb± [sam±nayitabb± (s². ka.)]. Atth±pagata½ hi byañjana½ samphappal±pa½ bhavati. Dunnikkhittassa padabyañjanassa atthopi dunnayo bhavati, tasm± atthabyañjan³peta½ saªg±yitabba½. Suttañca pavicinitabba½. Ki½ ida½ sutta½ ±hacca vacana½ anusandhivacana½ n²tattha½ neyyattha½ sa½kilesabh±giya½ nibbedhabh±giya½ asekkhabh±giya½? Kuhi½ imassa suttassa sabb±ni sacc±ni passitabb±ni, ±dimajjhapariyos±neti? Eva½ sutta½ pavicetabba½. Ten±ha ±yasm± mah±kacc±yano– “ya½ pucchitañca vissajjitañca, suttassa y± ca anug²t²”ti.
Niyutto vicayo h±ro.