[470] 7. Kosiyaj±takavaººan±

73-93. Kosiyaj±taka½ sudh±bhojanaj±take (j±. 2.21.192 ±dayo) ±vi bhavissati.

Kosiyaj±takavaººan± sattam±.

[471] 8. Meº¹akapañhaj±takavaººan±

94-105. Meº¹akapañhaj±taka½ umaªgaj±take (j±. 2.22.590 ±dayo) ±vi bhavissati.

Meº¹akapañhaj±takavaººan± aµµham±.

[472] 9. Mah±padumaj±takavaººan±

N±daµµh± parato dosanti ida½ satth± jetavane viharanto ciñcam±ºavika½ ±rabbha kathesi. Paµhamabodhiyañhi dasabalassa puthubh³tesu s±vakesu aparim±ºesu devamanussesu ariyabh³mi½ okkantesu patthaµesu guºasamudayesu mah±l±bhasakk±ro udap±di. Titthiy± s³riyuggamane khajjopanakasadis± ahesu½ hatal±bhasakk±r±. Te antarav²thiya½ µhatv± “ki½ samaºo gotamova buddho, mayampi buddh±, ki½ tasseva dinna½ mahapphala½, amh±kampi dinna½ mahapphalameva, amh±kampi detha karoth±”ti eva½ manusse viññ±pent±pi l±bhasakk±ra½ alabhant± raho sannipatitv± “kena nu kho up±yena samaºassa gotamassa manuss±na½ antare avaººa½ upp±detv± l±bhasakk±ra½ n±seyy±m±”ti mantayi½su. Tad± s±vatthiya½ ciñcam±ºavik± n±mek± paribb±jik± uttamar³padhar± sobhaggappatt± devacchar± viya. Tass± sar²rato rasmiyo niccharanti. Atheko kharamant² evam±ha– “ciñcam±ºavika½ paµicca samaºassa gotamassa avaººa½ upp±detv± l±bhasakk±ra½ n±sess±m±”ti. Te “attheso up±yo”ti sampaµicchi½su. Atha s± titthiy±r±ma½ gantv± vanditv± aµµh±si, titthiy± t±ya saddhi½ na kathesu½. S± “ko nu kho me doso”ti y±vatatiya½ “vand±mi ayy±”ti vatv± “ayy±, ko nu kho me doso, ki½ may± saddhi½ na katheth±”ti ±ha. “Bhagini, samaºa½ gotama½ amhe viheµhenta½ hatal±bhasakk±re katv± vicaranta½ na j±n±s²”ti. “N±ha½ j±n±mi ayy±, may± ki½ panettha kattabbanti. Sace tva½ bhagini, amh±ka½ sukhamicchasi, att±na½ paµicca samaºasssa gotamassa avaººa½ upp±detv± l±bhasakk±ra½ n±seh²”ti.
S± “s±dhu ayy±, mayhameveso bh±ro, m± cintayitth±”ti vatv± pakkamitv± itthim±y±su kusalat±ya tato paµµh±ya s±vatthiv±s²na½ dhammakatha½ sutv± jetavan± nikkhamanasamaye indagopakavaººa½ paµa½ p±rupitv± gandham±l±dihatth± jetavan±bhimukh² gacchant² “im±ya vel±ya kuhi½ gacchas²”ti vutte “ki½ tumh±ka½ mama gamanaµµh±nen±”ti vatv± jetavanasam²pe titthiy±r±me vasitv± p±tova “aggavandana½ vandiss±m±”ti nagar± nikkhamante up±sakajane jetavane vutth± viya hutv± nagara½ pavisati. “Kuhi½ vutth±s²”ti vutte “ki½ tumh±ka½ mama vutthaµµh±nen±”ti vatv± m±sa¹¹ham±saccayena pucchiyam±n± “jetavane samaºena gotamena saddhi½ ekagandhakuµiy± vutth±mh²”ti ±ha. Puthujjan±na½ “sacca½ nu kho eta½, no”ti kaªkha½ upp±detv± tem±sacatum±saccayena pilotik±hi udara½ veµhetv± gabbhinivaººa½ dassetv± upari rattapaµa½ p±rupitv± “samaºa½ gotama½ paµicca gabbho me laddho”ti andhab±le g±h±petv± aµµhanavam±saccayena udare d±rumaº¹alika½ bandhitv± upari rattapaµa½ p±rupitv± hatthap±dapiµµhiyo gohanukena koµµ±petv± ussade dassetv± kilantindriy± hutv± s±yanhasamaye tath±gate alaªkatadhamm±sane nis²ditv± dhamma½ desente dhammasabha½ gantv± tath±gatassa purato µhatv± “mah±samaºa, mah±janassa t±va dhamma½ desesi, madhuro te saddo, suphusita½ dant±varaºa½, aha½ pana ta½ paµicca gabbha½ labhitv± paripuººagabbh± j±t±, neva me s³tighara½ j±n±si, na sappitel±d²ni, saya½ akaronto upaµµh±k±nampi aññatara½ kosalar±j±na½ v± an±thapiº¹ika½ v± vis±kha½ up±sika½ v± “imiss± ciñcam±ºavik±ya kattabbayutta½ karoh²’ti na vadasi, abhiramitu½yeva j±n±si, gabbhaparih±ra½ na j±n±s²”ti g³thapiº¹a½ gahetv± candamaº¹ala½ d³setu½ v±yamant² viya parisamajjhe tath±gata½ akkosi. Tath±gato dhammakatha½ µhapetv± s²ho viya abhinadanto “bhagini, tay± kathitassa tathabh±va½ v± atathabh±va½ v± ahañceva tvañca j±n±m±”ti ±ha. ¾ma, samaºa, tay± ca may± ca ñ±tabh±veneta½ j±tanti.
Tasmi½ khaºe sakkassa bhavana½ uºh±k±ra½ dassesi. So ±vajjam±no “ciñcam±ºavik± tath±gata½ abh³tena akkosat²”ti ñatv± “ima½ vatthu½ sodhess±m²”ti cat³hi devaputtehi saddhi½ ±gami. Devaputt± m³sikapotak± hutv± d±rumaº¹alikassa bandhanarajjuke ekappah±reneva chindi½su, p±rutapaµa½ v±to ukkhipi, d±rumaº¹alika½ patam±na½ tass± p±dapiµµhiya½ pati, ubho aggap±d± chijji½su. Manuss± uµµh±ya “k±¼akaººi, samm±sambuddha½ akkosas²”ti s²se khe¼a½ p±tetv± le¹¹udaº¹±dihatth± jetavan± n²hari½su. Athass± tath±gatassa cakkhupatha½ atikkantak±le mah±pathav² bhijjitv± vivaramad±si, av²cito aggij±l± uµµhahi. S± kuladattiya½ kambala½ p±rupam±n± viya gantv± av²cimhi nibbatti. Aññatitthiy±na½ l±bhasakk±ro parih±yi, dasabalassa bhiyyosomatt±ya va¹¹hi. Punadivase dhammasabh±ya½ katha½ samuµµh±pesu½ “±vuso, ciñcam±ºavik± eva½ u¼±raguºa½ aggadakkhiºeyya½ samm±sambuddha½ abh³tena akkositv± mah±vin±sa½ patt±”ti. Satth± ±gantv± “k±ya nuttha, bhikkhave, etarahi kath±ya sannisinn±”ti pucchitv± “im±ya n±m±”ti vutte “na, bhikkhave, id±neva, pubbepi es± ma½ abh³tena akkositv± mah±vin±sa½ patt±”ti vatv± at²ta½ ±hari.
At²te b±r±ºasiya½ brahmadatte rajja½ k±rente bodhisatto tassa aggamahesiy± kucchimhi nibbatti, phullapadumasassirikamukhatt± panassa “padumakum±ro”tveva n±ma½ kari½su. So vayappatto takkasil±ya½ gantv± sabbasipp±ni uggaºhitv± ±gami. Athassa m±t± k±lamak±si. R±j± añña½ aggamahesi½ katv± puttassa uparajja½ ad±si. Aparabh±ge r±j± paccanta½ kupita½ v³pasametu½ aggamahesi½ ±ha “bhadde, idheva vasa, aha½ paccanta½ kupita½ v³pasametu½ gacch±m²”ti vatv± “n±ha½ idheva vasiss±mi, ahampi gamiss±m²”ti vutte yuddhabh³miy± ±d²nava½ dassetv± “y±va mam±gaman± anukkaºµham±n± vasa, aha½ padumakum±ra½ yath± tava kattabbakiccesu appamatto hoti, eva½ ±º±petv± gamiss±m²”ti vatv± tath± katv± gantv± pacc±mitte pal±petv± janapada½ santappetv± pacc±gantv± bahinagare khandh±v±ra½ niv±sesi Bodhisatto pitu ±gatabh±va½ ñatv± nagara½ alaªk±r±petv± r±jageha½ paµijagg±petv± ekakova tass± santika½ agam±si.
S± tassa r³pasampatti½ disv± paµibaddhacitt± ahosi. Bodhisatto ta½ vanditv± “amma, ki½ amh±ka½ kattabban”ti pucchi. Atha na½ “amm±ti ma½ vadas²”ti uµµh±ya hatthe gahetv± “sayana½ abhiruh±”ti ±ha. “Ki½k±raº±”ti? “Y±va r±j± na ±gacchati, t±va ubhopi kilesaratiy± ramiss±m±”ti. “Amma, tva½ mama m±t± ca sas±mik± ca, may± sapariggaho m±tug±mo n±ma kilesavasena indriy±ni bhinditv± na olokitapubbo, katha½ tay± saddhi½ evar³pa½ kiliµµhakamma½ kariss±m²”ti. S± dve tayo v±re kathetv± tasmi½ aniccham±ne “mama vacana½ na karos²”ti ±ha. “¾ma, na karom²”ti. “Tena hi rañño kathetv± s²sa½ te chind±pess±m²”ti. Mah±satto “tava ruci½ karoh²”ti vatv± ta½ lajj±petv± pakk±mi.
S± bh²tatasit± cintesi “sace aya½ paµhama½ pitu ±rocessati, j²vita½ me natthi, ahameva puretara½ kathess±m²”ti bhatta½ abhuñjitv± kiliµµhalomavattha½ niv±setv± sar²re nakhar±jiyo dassetv± “kuhi½ dev²ti rañño pucchanak±le “gil±n±’ti katheyy±th±”ti paric±rik±na½ sañña½ datv± gil±n±laya½ katv± nipajji. R±j±pi nagara½ padakkhiºa½ katv± nivesana½ ±ruyha ta½ apassanto “kuhi½ dev²”ti pucchitv± “gil±n±”ti sutv± sirigabbha½ pavisitv± “ki½ te devi, aph±sukan”ti pucchi. S± tassa vacana½ asuºant² viya hutv± dve tayo v±re pucchit± “mah±r±ja, kasm± kathesi, tuºh² hohi, sas±mika-itthiyo n±ma m±dis± na hont²”ti vatv± “kena tva½ viheµhit±si, s²gha½ me kathehi s²samassa chindiss±m²”ti vutte “ka½si tva½, mah±r±ja, nagare µhapetv± gato”ti vatv± “padumakum±ran”ti vutte “so mayha½ vasanaµµh±na½ ±gantv± ‘t±ta, m± eva½ karohi, aha½ tava m±t±’ti vuccam±nopi ‘µhapetv± ma½ añño r±j± natthi, aha½ ta½ gehe karitv± kilesaratiy± ramiss±m²’ti ma½ kesesu gahetv± apar±para½ luñcitv± attano vacana½ akaronti½ ma½ p±tetv± koµµetv± gato”ti ±ha.
R±j± anupaparikkhitv±va ±s²viso viya kuddho purise ±º±pesi “gacchatha, bhaºe, padumakum±ra½ bandhitv± ±neth±”ti. Te nagara½ avattharant± viya tassa geha½ gantv± ta½ bandhitv± paharitv± pacch±b±ha½ g±¼habandhana½ bandhitv± rattakaºaveram±la½ g²v±ya½ paµimuñcitv± vajjha½ katv± ±nayi½su So “deviy± ida½ kamman”ti ñatv± “bho puris±, n±ha½ rañño dosak±rako, nippar±dhohamasm²”ti vilapanto ±gacchati. Sakalanagara½ sa½khubbhitv± “r±j± kira m±tug±massa vacana½ gahetv± mah±padumakum±ra½ gh±t±pes²”ti sannipatitv± r±jakum±rassa p±dam³le nipatitv± “ida½ te s±mi, ananucchavikan”ti mah±saddena paridevi. Atha na½ netv± rañño dassesu½. R±j± disv±va citta½ niggaºhitu½ asakkonto “aya½ ar±j±va r±jal²¼a½ karoti, mama putto hutv± aggamahesiy± aparajjhati, gacchatha na½ corapap±te p±tetv± vin±sa½ p±peth±”ti ±ha. Mah±satto “na mayha½, t±ta, evar³po apar±dho atthi, m±tug±massa vacana½ gahetv± m± ma½ n±seh²”ti pitara½ y±ci. So tassa katha½ na gaºhi.
Tato so¼asasahass± antepurik± “t±ta mah±padumakum±ra, attano ananucchavika½ ida½ laddhan”ti mah±virava½ viravi½su. Sabbe khattiyamah±s±l±dayopi amaccaparijan±pi “deva, kum±ro s²l±c±raguºasampanno va½s±nurakkhito rajjad±y±do, m± na½ m±tug±massa vacana½ gahetv± anupaparikkhitv±va vin±sehi, raññ± n±ma nisammak±rin± bhavitabban”ti vatv± satta g±th± abh±si½su–
106. “N±daµµh± parato dosa½, aºu½ th³l±ni sabbaso;
 issaro paºaye daº¹a½, s±ma½ appaµivekkhiya.
107. “Yo ca appaµivekkhitv±, daº¹a½ kubbati khattiyo;
 sakaºµaka½ so gilati, jaccandhova samakkhika½.
108. “Adaº¹iya½ daº¹ayati, daº¹iyañca adaº¹iya½;
 andhova visama½ magga½, na j±n±ti sam±sama½.
109. “Yo ca et±ni µh±n±ni, aºu½ th³l±ni sabbaso;
 sudiµµhamanus±seyya, sa ve voharitu marahati.
110. “Nekantamudun± sakk±, ekantatikhiºena v±;
 atta½ mahante µhapetu½, tasm± ubhayam±care.
111. “Paribh³to mudu hoti, atitikkho ca verav±;
 etañca ubhaya½ ñatv±, anumajjha½ sam±care.
112. “Bahumpi ratto bh±seyya, duµµhopi bahu bh±sati;
 na itthik±raº± r±ja, putta½ gh±tetumarahas²”ti.
Tattha n±daµµh±ti na adisv±. Paratoti parassa. Sabbasoti sabb±ni. Aºu½th³l±n²ti khuddakamahant±ni vajj±ni. S±ma½ appaµivekkhiy±ti parassa vacana½ gahetv± attano paccakkha½ akatv± pathavissaro r±j± daº¹a½ na paºaye na paµµhapeyya. Mah±sammatar±jak±lasmiñhi satato uttari daº¹o n±ma natthi, t±¼anagarahaºapabb±janato uddha½ hatthap±dacchedanagh±tana½ n±ma natthi, pacch± kakkha¼ar±j³na½yeva k±le eta½ uppanna½, ta½ sandh±ya te amacc± “ekanteneva parassa dosa½ s±ma½ adisv± k±tu½ na yuttan”ti kathent± evam±ha½su.
Yo ca appaµivekkhitv±ti mah±r±ja, eva½ appaµivekkhitv± dos±nucchavike daº¹e paºetabbe yo r±j± agatigamane µhito ta½ dosa½ appaµivekkhitv± hatthacched±didaº¹a½ karoti, so attano dukkhak±raºa½ karonto sakaºµaka½ bhojana½ gilati n±ma, jaccandho viya ca samakkhika½ bhuñjati n±ma. Adaº¹iyanti yo adaº¹iya½ adaº¹apaºetabbañca daº¹etv± daº¹iyañca daº¹apaºetabba½ adaº¹etv± attano rucimeva karoti, so andho viya visama½ magga½ paµipanno, na j±n±ti sam±sama½, tato p±s±º±d²su pakkhalanto andho viya cat³su ap±yesu mah±dukkha½ p±puº±t²ti attho. Et±ni µh±n±n²ti et±ni daº¹iy±daº¹iyak±raº±ni ceva daº¹iyak±raºesupi aºu½th³l±ni ca sabb±ni sudiµµha½ disv± anus±seyya, sa ve voharitu½ rajjamanus±situ½ arahat²ti attho.
Atta½ mahante µhapetunti evar³po anuppanne bhoge upp±detv± uppanne th±vare katv± att±na½ mahante u¼±re issariye µhapetu½ na sakkot²ti attho. Mud³ti mudur±j± raµµhav±s²na½ paribh³to hoti avaññ±to, so rajja½ niccora½ k±tu½ na sakkoti. Verav±ti atitikkhassa pana sabbepi raµµhav±sino verino hont²ti so verav± n±ma hoti. Anumajjhanti anubh³ta½ mudutikhiºabh±v±na½ majjha½ sam±care, amudu atikkho hutv± rajja½ k±reyy±ti attho. Na itthik±raº±ti p±pa½ l±maka½ m±tug±ma½ niss±ya va½s±nurakkhaka½ chattad±y±da½ putta½ gh±tetu½ n±rahasi, mah±r±j±ti.
Eva½ n±n±k±raºehi kathent±pi amacc± attano katha½ g±h±petu½ n±sakkhi½su. Bodhisattopi y±canto attano katha½ g±h±petu½ n±sakkhi. Andhab±lo pana r±j± “gacchatha na½ corapap±te khipath±”ti ±º±pento aµµhama½ g±tham±ha–
113. “Sabbova loko ekato, itth² ca ayamekik±;
 ten±ha½ paµipajjissa½, gacchatha pakkhipatheva tan”ti.
Tattha ten±hanti yena k±raºena sabbo loko ekato kum±rasseva pakkho hutv± µhito, ayañca itth² ekik±va, tena k±raºena aha½ imiss± vacana½ paµipajjissa½, gacchatha ta½ pabbata½ ±ropetv± pap±te khipathev±ti.
Eva½ vutte so¼asasahass±su r±ja-itth²su ek±pi sakabh±vena saºµh±tu½ n±sakkhi, sakalanagarav±sino b±h± paggayha kanditv± kese vikirayam±n± vilapi½su. R±j± “ime imassa pap±te khipana½ paµib±heyyun”ti sapariv±ro gantv± mah±janassa paridevantasseva na½ uddha½p±da½ ava½sira½ katv± g±h±petv± pap±te khip±pesi. Athassa mett±nubh±vena pabbate adhivatth± devat± “m± bh±yi mah±padum±”ti ta½ samass±setv± ubhohi hatthehi gahetv± hadaye µhapetv± dibbasamphassa½ phar±petv± otaritv± pabbatap±de patiµµhitan±gar±jassa phaºagabbhe µhapesi. N±gar±j± bodhisatta½ n±gabhavana½ netv± attano yasa½ majjhe bhinditv± ad±si. So tattha ekasa½vacchara½ vasitv± “manussapatha½ gamiss±m²”ti vatv± “katara½ µh±nan”ti vutte “himavanta½ gantv± pabbajiss±m²”ti ±ha. N±gar±j± “s±dh³”ti ta½ gahetv± manussapathe patiµµh±petv± pabbajitaparikkh±re datv± sakaµµh±nameva gato. Sopi himavanta½ pavisitv± isipabbajja½ pabbajitv± jh±n±bhiñña½ nibbattetv± vanam³laphal±h±ro tattha paµivasati.
Atheko b±r±ºasiv±s² vanacarako ta½ µh±na½ patto mah±satta½ sañj±nitv± “nanu tva½ deva, mah±padumakum±ro”ti vatv± “±ma, samm±”ti vutte ta½ vanditv± katip±ha½ tattha vasitv± b±r±ºasi½ gantv± rañño ±rocesi “deva, putto te himavantapadese isipabbajja½ pabbajitv± paººas±l±ya½ vasati, aha½ tassa santike vasitv± ±gato”ti. “Paccakkhato te diµµho”ti? “¾ma dev±”ti. R±j± mah±balak±yaparivuto tattha gantv± vanapariyante khandh±v±ra½ bandhitv± amaccagaºaparivuto paººas±la½ gantv± kañcanar³pasadisa½ paººas±ladv±re nisinna½ mah±satta½ disv± vanditv± ekamanta½ nis²di. Amacc±pi vanditv± paµisanth±ra½ katv± nis²di½su. Bodhisattopi r±j±na½ paµipucchitv± paµisanth±ramak±si. Atha na½ r±j± “t±ta, may± tva½ gambh²re pap±te khip±pito, katha½ saj²vitos²”ti pucchanto navama½ g±tham±ha–
114. “Anekat±le narake, gambh²re ca suduttare;
 p±tito giriduggasmi½, kena tva½ tattha n±mar²”ti.
Tattha anekat±leti anekat±lappam±ºe. N±mar²ti na amari.
Tatopara½–
115. “N±go j±taphaºo tattha, th±mav± giris±nujo;
 paccaggahi ma½ bhogehi, ten±ha½ tattha n±mari½.
116. “Ehi ta½ paµiness±mi, r±japutta saka½ ghara½;
 rajja½ k±rehi bhaddante, ki½ araññe karissasi.
117. “Yath± gilitv± ba¼isa½, uddhareyya salohita½;
 uddharitv± sukh² assa, eva½ pass±mi attana½.
118. “Ki½ nu tva½ ba¼isa½ br³si, ki½ tva½ br³si salohita½;
 ki½ nu tva½ ubbhata½ br³si, ta½ me akkh±hi pucchito.
119. “K±m±ha½ ba¼isa½ br³mi, hatthi-assa½ salohita½;
 catt±ha½ ubbhata½ br³mi, eva½ j±n±hi khattiy±”ti.–

Im±su pañcasu ekantarik± tisso g±th± bodhisattassa, dve rañño.

Tattha paccaggahi manti pabbatapatanak±le devat±ya pariggahetv± dibbasamphassena samass±setv± upan²ta½ ma½ paµiggaºhi, gahetv± ca pana n±gabhavana½ ±netv± mahanta½ yasa½ datv± “manussapatha½ ma½ neh²”ti vutto ma½ manussapatha½ ±nesi. Aha½ idh±gantv± pabbajito, iti tena devat±ya ca n±gar±jassa ca ±nubh±vena aha½ tattha n±marinti sabba½ ±rocesi.
Eh²ti r±j± tassa vacana½ sutv± somanassappatto hutv± “t±ta, aha½ b±labh±vena itthiy± vacana½ gahetv± eva½ s²l±c±rasampanne tayi aparajjhi½, kham±hi me dosan”ti p±desu nipatitv± “uµµhehi, mah±r±ja, kham±ma te dosa½, ito para½ puna m± eva½ anisammak±r² bhaveyy±s²”ti vutte “t±ta, tva½ attano kulasantaka½ setacchatta½ uss±petv± rajja½ anus±santo mayha½ khamasi n±m±”ti evam±ha.
Uddharitv±ti hadayavakk±d²ni asampattameva ta½ uddharitv± sukh² assa. Eva½ pass±mi attananti att±na½ mah±r±ja, eva½ ahampi puna sotthibh±vappatta½ gilitaba¼isa½ purisamiva att±na½ pass±m²ti. “Ki½ nu tvan”ti ida½ r±j± tamattha½ vitth±rato sotu½ pucchati. K±m±hanti pañca k±maguºe aha½. Hatthi-assa½ salohitanti eva½ hatthi-assarathav±hana½ sattaratan±divibhava½ “salohitan”ti br³mi. Catt±hanti catta½ aha½, yad± ta½ sabbampi catta½ hoti pariccatta½, ta½ d±n±ha½ “ubbhatan”ti br³mi.
“Iti kho, mah±r±ja, mayha½ rajjena kicca½ natthi, tva½ pana dasa r±jadhamme akopetv± agatigamana½ pah±ya dhammena rajja½ k±reh²”ti mah±satto pitu ov±da½ ad±si. So r±j± roditv± paridevitv± nagara½ gacchanto antar±magge amacce pucchi. “Aha½ ka½ niss±ya evar³pena ±c±raguºasampannena puttena viyoga½ patto”ti? “Aggamahesi½, dev±”ti. R±j± ta½ uddha½p±da½ g±h±petv± corapap±te khip±petv± nagara½ pavisitv± dhammena rajja½ k±resi.
Satth± ima½ dhammadesana½ ±haritv± “eva½, bhikkhave, pubbepes± ma½ akkositv± mah±vin±sa½ patt±”ti vatv±–
120. “Ciñcam±ºavik± m±t±, devadatto ca me pit±;
 ±nando paº¹ito n±go, s±riputto ca devat±;
r±japutto aha½ ±si½, eva½ dh±retha j±takan”ti.–

Os±nag±th±ya j±taka½ samodh±nesi.

Mah±padumaj±takavaººan± navam±.