4. Kul±vakavaggo

[31] 1. Kul±vakaj±takavaººan±

Kul±vak±ti ida½ satth± jetavane viharanto apariss±vetv± p±n²ya½ p²ta½ bhikkhu½ ±rabbha kathesi. S±vatthito kira dve sah±yak± daharabhikkh³ janapada½ gantv± ekasmi½ ph±sukaµµh±ne yath±jjh±saya½ vasitv± “samm±sambuddha½ passiss±m±”ti puna tato nikkhamitv± jetavan±bhimukh± p±yi½su. Ekassa hatthe pariss±vana½ atthi, ekassa natthi. Dvepi ekato p±n²ya½ pariss±vetv± pivanti. Te ekadivasa½ viv±da½ aka½su. Pariss±vanas±miko itarassa pariss±vana½ adatv± sayameva p±n²ya½ pariss±vetv± pivi, itaro pana pariss±vana½ alabhitv± pip±sa½ sandh±retu½ asakkonto apariss±vetv± p±n²ya½ pivi. Te ubhopi anupubbena jetavana½ patv± satth±ra½ vanditv± nis²di½su. Satth± sammodan²ya½ katha½ kathetv± “kuto ±gatatth±”ti pucchi. “Bhante, maya½ kosalajanapade ekasmi½ g±make vasitv± tato nikkhamitv± tumh±ka½ dassanatth±ya ±gat±”ti. “Kacci pana vo samagg± ±gatatth±”ti? Apariss±vanako ±ha “aya½, bhante, antar±magge may± saddhi½ viv±da½ katv± pariss±vana½ n±d±s²”ti. Itaropi ±ha “aya½, bhante, apariss±vetv±va j±na½ sap±ºaka½ udaka½ piv²”ti. “Sacca½ kira tva½ bhikkhu j±na½ sap±ºaka½ udaka½ piv²”ti? “¾ma, bhante, apariss±vita½ udaka½ pivinti Satth± “bhikkhu pubbe paº¹it± devanagare rajja½ k±rent± yuddhapar±jit± samuddapiµµhena pal±yant± ‘issariya½ niss±ya p±ºavadha½ na kariss±m±’ti t±va mahanta½ yasa½ pariccajitv± supaººapotak±na½ j²vita½ datv± ratha½ nivattayi½s³”ti vatv± at²ta½ ±hari.
At²te magadharaµµhe r±jagahe eko m±gadhar±j± rajja½ k±resi. Tad± bodhisatto yath± etarahi sakko purimattabh±ve magadharaµµhe macalag±make nibbatti, eva½ tasmi½yeva macalag±make mah±kulassa putto hutv± nibbatti. N±maggahaºadivase cassa “maghakum±ro”tveva n±ma½ aka½su. So vayappatto “magham±ºavo”ti paññ±yittha. Athassa m±t±pitaro sam±naj±tikakulato d±rika½ ±nayi½su. So puttadh²t±hi va¹¹ham±no d±napati ahosi, pañca s²l±ni rakkhati. Tasmiñca g±me tetti½seva kul±ni honti, tepi tetti½sa kul± manuss± ekadivasa½ g±mamajjhe µhatv± g±makamma½ karonti. Bodhisatto µhitaµµh±ne p±dehi pa½su½ viy³hitv± ta½ padesa½ ramaº²ya½ katv± aµµh±si, athañño eko ±gantv± tasmi½ µh±ne µhito. Bodhisatto apara½ µh±na½ ramaº²ya½ katv± aµµh±si, tatr±pi añño µhito. Bodhisatto aparampi aparamp²ti sabbesampi µhitaµµh±na½ ramaº²ya½ katv± aparena samayena tasmi½ µh±ne maº¹apa½ k±resi, maº¹apampi apanetv± s±la½ k±resi, tattha phalak±san±ni santharitv± p±n²yac±µi½ µhapesi.
Aparena samayena tepi tetti½sajan± bodhisattena sam±nacchand± ahesu½. Te bodhisatto pañcasu s²lesu patiµµh±petv± tato paµµh±ya tehi saddhi½ puññ±ni karonto vicarati. Tepi teneva saddhi½ puññ±ni karont± k±lasseva vuµµh±ya v±sipharasumusalahatth± catumah±path±d²su musalena p±s±ºe ubbattetv± pavaµµenti, y±n±na½ akkhapaµigh±tarukkhe haranti, visama½ sama½ karonti, setu½ attharanti, pokkharaºiyo khaºanti, s±la½ karonti, d±n±ni denti, s²l±ni rakkhanti. Eva½ yebhuyyena sakalag±mav±sino bodhisattassa ov±de µhatv± s²l±ni rakkhi½su.
Atha nesa½ g±mabhojako cintesi “aha½ pubbe etesu sura½ pivantesu p±º±tip±t±d²ni karontesu c±µikah±paº±divasena ceva daº¹abalivasena ca dhana½ labh±mi, id±ni pana magho m±ºavo s²la½ rakkh±peti, tesa½ p±º±tip±t±d²ni k±tu½ na deti, id±ni pana te pañca s²l±ni na rakkh±pess±m²”ti kuddho r±j±na½ upasaªkamitv± “deva, bah³ cor± g±magh±t±d²ni karont± vicarant²”ti ±ha. R±j± tassa vacana½ sutv± “gaccha, te ±neh²”ti ±ha. So gantv± sabbepi te bandhitv± ±netv± “±n²t±, deva, cor±”ti rañño ±rocesi. R±j± tesa½ kamma½ asodhetv±va “hatthin± ne madd±peth±”ti ±ha. Tato sabbepi te r±jaªgaºe nipajj±petv± hatthi½ ±nayi½su. Bodhisatto tesa½ ov±da½ ad±si “tumhe s²l±ni ±vajjetha, pesuññak±rake ca raññe ca hatthimhi ca attano sar²re ca ekasadisameva metta½ bh±veth±”ti. Te tath± aka½su. Atha nesa½ maddanatth±ya hatthi½ upanesu½. So upan²yam±nopi na upagacchati, mah±virava½ viravitv± pal±yati. Añña½ añña½ hatthi½ ±nayi½su, tepi tatheva pal±yi½su.
R±j± “etesa½ hatthe kiñci osadha½ bhavissat²”ti cintetv± “vicinath±”ti ±ha. Vicinant± adisv± “natthi, dev±”ti ±ha½su. Tena hi kiñci manta½ parivattessanti, pucchatha ne “atthi vo parivattanamanto”ti? R±japuris± pucchi½su, bodhisatto “atth²”ti ±ha. R±japuris± “atthi kira, dev±”ti ±rocayi½su, r±j± sabbepi te pakkos±petv± “tumh±ka½ j±nanamanta½ katheth±”ti ±ha. Bodhisatto avoca “deva, añño amh±ka½ manto n±ma natthi, amhe pana tetti½samatt± jan± p±ºa½ na han±ma, adinna½ n±diy±ma, micch±c±ra½ na car±ma, mus±v±da½ na bhaº±ma, majja½ na piv±ma, metta½ bh±vema, d±na½ dema, magga½ sama½ karoma, pokkharaºiyo khaº±ma, s±la½ karoma, aya½ amh±ka½ manto ca parittañca vu¹¹hi c±”ti. R±j± tesa½ pasanno pesuññak±rakassa sabba½ gehavibhava½ tañca tesa½yeva d±sa½ katv± ad±si, ta½ hatthiñca g±mañca tesa½yeva ad±si.
Te tato paµµh±ya yath±ruciy± puññ±ni karont± “catumah±pathe mahanta½ s±la½ k±ress±m±”ti va¹¹haki½ pakkos±petv± s±la½ paµµhapesu½. M±tug±mesu pana vigatacchandat±ya tass± s±l±ya m±tug±m±na½ patti½ n±da½su. Tena ca samayena bodhisattassa gehe sudhamm±, citt±, nand±, suj±ti catasso itthiyo honti. T±su sudhamm± va¹¹hakin± saddhi½ ekato hutv± “bh±tika, imiss± s±l±ya ma½ jeµµhika½ karoh²”ti vatv± lañja½ ad±si. So “s±dh³”ti sampaµicchitv± paµhamameva kaººik±rukkha½ sukkh±petv± tacchetv± vijjhitv± kaººika½ niµµh±petv± vatthena paliveµhetv± µhapesi. Atha s±la½ niµµh±petv± kaººik±ropanak±le “aho, ayy±, eka½ na sarimh±”ti ±ha. “Ki½ n±ma, bho”ti. “Kaººik± laddhu½ vaµµat²”ti. “Hotu ±hariss±m±”ti? “Id±ni chinnarukkhena k±tu½ na sakk±, pubbeyeva chinditv± tacchetv± vijjhitv± µhapitakaººik± laddhu½ vaµµat²”ti. “Id±ni ki½ k±tabban”ti? “Sace kassaci gehe niµµh±petv± µhapit± vikk±yikakaººik± atthi, s± pariyesitabb±”ti. Te pariyesant± sudhamm±ya gehe disv± m³lena na labhi½su. “Sace ma½ s±l±ya pattika½ karotha, dass±m²”ti vutte “na maya½ m±tug±m±na½ patti½ damh±”ti ±ha½su.
Atha ne va¹¹hak² ±ha “ayy±, tumhe ki½ kathetha, µhapetv± brahmaloka½ añña½ m±tug±marahitaµµh±na½ n±ma natthi, gaºhatha kaººika½, eva½ sante amh±ka½ kamma½ niµµha½ gamissat²”ti. Te “s±dh³”ti kaººika½ gahetv± s±la½ niµµh±petv± ±sanaphalak±ni santharitv± p±n²yac±µiyo µhapetv± y±gubhatta½ nibandhi½su. S±la½ p±k±rena parikkhipitv± dv±ra½ yojetv± antop±k±re v±luka½ ±kiritv± bahip±k±re t±lapantiyo ropesu½. Citt±pi tasmi½ µh±ne uyy±na½ k±resi, “pupph³pagaphal³pagarukkho asuko n±ma tasmi½ natth²”ti n±hosi. Nand±pi tasmi½yeva µh±ne pokkharaºi½ k±resi pañcavaººehi padumehi sañchanna½ ramaº²ya½. Suj± na kiñci ak±si.
Bodhisatto m±tu upaµµh±na½ pitu upaµµh±na½ kule jeµµh±pac±yikakamma½ saccav±ca½ apharusav±ca½ apisuºav±ca½ maccheravinayanti im±ni satta vatapad±ni p³retv±–
“M±t±pettibhara½ jantu½, kule jeµµh±pac±yina½;
saºha½ sakhilasambh±sa½, pesuºeyyappah±yina½.
“Maccheravinaye yutta½, sacca½ kodh±bhibhu½ nara½;
ta½ ve dev± t±vati½s±, ±hu sappuriso it²”ti. (Sa½. ni. 1.257)–

Eva½ pasa½siyabh±va½ ±pajjitv± j²vitapariyos±ne t±vati½sabhavane sakko devar±j± hutv± nibbatti, tepissa sah±y± tattheva nibbatti½su. Tasmi½ k±le t±vati½sabhavane asur± paµivasanti. Sakko devar±j± “ki½ no s±dh±raºena rajjen±”ti asure dibbap±na½ p±yetv± matte sam±ne p±desu g±h±petv± sinerupabbatap±de khip±pesi. Te asurabhavanameva samp±puºi½su.

Asurabhavana½ n±ma sinerussa heµµhimatale t±vati½sadevalokappam±ºameva, tattha dev±na½ p±ricchattako viya cittap±µali n±ma kappaµµhiyarukkho hoti. Te cittap±µaliy± pupphit±ya j±nanti “n±ya½ amh±ka½ devaloko, devalokasmiñhi p±ricchattako pupphat²”ti. Atha te “jarasakko amhe matte katv± mah±samuddapiµµhe khipitv± amh±ka½ devanagara½ gaºhi, te maya½ tena saddhi½ yujjhitv± amh±ka½ devanagarameva gaºhiss±m±”ti kipillik± viya thambha½ sineru½ anusañcaram±n± uµµhahi½su. Sakko “asur± kira uµµhit±”ti sutv± samuddapiµµheyeva abbhuggantv± yujjham±no tehi par±jito diya¹¹hayojanasatikena vejayantarathena dakkhiºasamuddassa matthakena pal±yitu½ ±raddho. Athassa ratho samuddapiµµhena vegena gacchanto simbalivana½ pakkhanto, tassa gamanamagge simbalivana½ na¼avana½ viya chijjitv± chijjitv± samuddapiµµhe patati. Supaººapotak± samuddapiµµhe paripatant± mah±virava½ ravi½su. Sakko m±tali½ pucchi “samma m±tali, ki½ saddo n±mesa, atik±ruññaravo vattat²”ti? “Deva, tumh±ka½ rathavegena vicuººite simbalivane patante supaººapotak± maraºabhayatajjit± ekavirava½ viravant²”ti.
Mah±satto “samma m±tali, m± amhe niss±ya ete kilamantu, na maya½ issariya½ niss±ya p±ºavadhakamma½ karoma, etesa½ pana atth±ya maya½ j²vita½ pariccajitv± asur±na½ dass±ma, nivattayeta½ rathan”ti vatv± ima½ g±tham±ha–
31. “Kul±vak± m±tali simbalismi½, ²s±mukhena parivajjayassu;
 k±ma½ caj±ma asuresu p±ºa½, m±me dij± vikul±v± ahesun”ti.
Tattha kul±vak±ti supaººapotak±. M±tal²ti s±rathi½ ±mantesi. Simbalisminti passa ete simbalirukkhe olambant± µhit±ti dasseti. ¿s±mukhena parivajjayass³ti ete etassa rathassa ²s±mukhena yath± na haññanti, eva½ te parivajjayassu. K±ma½ caj±ma asuresu p±ºanti yadi amhesu asur±na½ p±ºa½ cajantesu etesa½ sotthi hoti, k±ma½ caj±ma eka½seneva maya½ asuresu amh±ka½ p±ºa½ caj±ma. M±me dij± vikul±v± ahesunti ime pana dij± ime garu¼apotak± viddhastavicuººitakul±vakat±ya vikul±v± m± ahesu½, m± amh±ka½ dukkha½ etesa½ upari khipa, nivattaya nivattaya rathanti. M±talisaªg±hako tassa vacana½ sutv± ratha½ nivattetv± aññena maggena devalok±bhimukha½ ak±si. Asur± pana ta½ nivattayam±nameva disv± “addh± aññehipi cakkav±¼ehi sakk± ±gacchanti, bala½ labhitv± ratho nivatto bhavissat²”ti maraºabhayabh²t± pal±yitv± asurabhavanameva pavisi½su.
Sakkopi devanagara½ pavisitv± dv²su devalokesu devagaºena parivuto nagaramajjhe aµµh±si. Tasmi½ khaºe pathavi½ bhinditv± yojanasahassubbedho vejayantap±s±do uµµhahi. Vijayante uµµhitatt± “vejayanto” tveva n±ma½ aka½su. Atha sakko puna asur±na½ an±gamanatth±ya pañcasu µh±nesu ±rakkha½ µhapesi. Ya½ sandh±ya vutta½–
“Antar± dvinna½ ayujjhapur±na½, pañcavidh± µhapit± abhirakkh±;
uragakaroµipayassa ca h±r², madanayut± caturo ca mahant±”ti. (Sa½. ni. aµµha. 1.1.247).
Dve nagar±nipi yuddhena gahetu½ asakkuºeyyat±ya ayujjhapur±ni n±ma j±t±ni devanagarañca asuranagarañca. Yad± hi asur± balavant± honti, atha devehi pal±yitv± devanagara½ pavisitv± dv±re pihite asur±na½ satasahassampi kiñci k±tu½ na sakkoti. Yad± dev± balavant± honti, atha asurehi pal±yitv± asuranagara½ pavisitv± dv±re pihite sakk±na½ satasahassampi kiñci k±tu½ na sakkoti. Iti im±ni dve nagar±ni ayujjhapur±ni n±ma. Tesa½ antar± etesu urag±d²su pañcasu µh±nesu sakkena ±rakkh± µhapit±. Tattha uraga-saddena n±g± gahit±. Te udake balavant± honti, tasm± sinerussa paµham±linde tesa½ ±rakkh±. Karoµi-saddena supaºº± gahit±. Tesa½ kira karoµi n±ma p±nabhojana½, tena ta½ n±ma½ labhi½su, dutiy±linde tesa½ ±rakkh±. Payassah±ri-saddena kumbhaº¹± gahit±. D±navarakkhas± kirete, tatiy±linde tesa½ ±rakkh±. Madanayuta-saddena yakkh± gahit±. Visamac±rino kira te yuddhasoº¹±, catutth±linde tesa½ ±rakkh±. Caturo ca mahant±ti catt±ro mah±r±j±no vutt±, pañcam±linde tesa½ ±rakkh±. Tasm± yadi asur± kupit± ±vilacitt± devapura½ upayanti, pañcavidhesu ya½ girino paµhama½ paribhaº¹a½, ta½ urag± parib±hiya tiµµhanti. Eva½ sesesu ses±.
Imesu pana pañcasu µh±nesu ±rakkha½ µhapetv± sakke dev±naminde dibbasampatti½ anubhavam±ne sudhamm± cavitv± tasseva p±daparic±rik± hutv± nibbatti, kaººik±ya dinnanissandena cass± pañcayojanasatik± sudhamm± n±ma devasabh± udap±di, yattha dibbasetacchattassa heµµh± yojanappam±ºe kañcanapallaªke nisinno sakko dev±namindo devamanuss±na½ kattabbakicc±ni karoti. Citt±pi cavitv± tasseva p±daparic±rik± hutv± nibbatti, uyy±nassa karaºanissandena cass± cittalat±vana½ n±ma uyy±na½ udap±di. Nand±pi cavitv± tasseva p±daparic±rik± hutv± nibbatti, pokkharaºiy± nissandena cass± nand± n±ma pokkharaº² udap±di.
Suj± pana kusalakammassa akatatt± ekasmi½ araññe kandar±ya bakasakuºik± hutv± nibbatt±. Sakko “suj± na paññ±yati, kattha nu kho nibbatt±”ti ±vajjento ta½ disv± tattha gantv± ta½ ±d±ya devaloka½ ±gantv± tass± ramaº²ya½ devanagara½ sudhamma½ devasabha½ cittalat±vana½ nand±pokkharaºiñca dassetv± “et± kusala½ katv± mayha½ p±daparic±rik± hutv± nibbatt±, tva½ pana kusala½ akatv± tiracch±nayoniya½ nibbatt± ito paµµh±ya s²la½ rakkh±h²”ti ta½ ovaditv± pañcasu s²lesu patiµµh±petv± tattheva netv± vissajjesi. S±pi tato paµµh±ya s²la½ rakkhati. Sakko katip±haccayena “sakk± nu kho s²la½ rakkhitun”ti gantv± macchar³pena utt±no hutv± purato nipajji, s± “matamacchako”ti saññ±ya s²se aggahesi, maccho naªguµµha½ c±lesi, atha na½ “j²vati maññe”ti vissajjesi. Sakko “s±dhu s±dhu, sakkhissasi s²la½ rakkhitun”ti agam±si. S± tato cut± b±r±ºasiya½ kumbhak±ragehe nibbatti.
Sakko “kaha½ nu kho nibbatt±”ti tattha nibbattabh±va½ ñatv± suvaººa-e¼±luk±na½ y±naka½ p³retv± majjhe g±massa mahallakavesena nis²ditv± “e¼±luk±ni gaºhatha, e¼±luk±ni gaºhath±”ti ugghosesi. Manuss± ±gantv± “dehi, t±t±”ti ±ha½su. “Aha½ s²larakkhak±na½ dammi, tumhe s²la½ rakkhath±”ti? “Maya½ s²la½ n±ma na j±n±ma, m³lena deh²”ti. “Na mayha½ m³lena attho, s²larakkhak±naññev±ha½ damm²”ti. Manuss± “ko c±ya½ e¼±luko”ti pakkami½su. Suj± ta½ pavatti½ sutv± “mayha½ ±n²ta½ bhavissat²”ti cintetv± gantv± ta½ “dehi, t±t±”ti ±ha. “S²la½ rakkhasi, amm±”ti? “¾ma, rakkh±m²”ti. “Ida½ may± tuyhameva atth±ya ±bhatan”ti saddhi½ y±nakena gehadv±re µhapetv± pakk±mi.
S±pi y±vaj²va½ s²la½ rakkhitv± tato cut± vepacittissa asurindassa dh²t± hutv± nibbatti, s²l±nisa½sena abhir³p± ahosi. So tass± vayappattak±le “mayha½ dh²t± attano cittarucita½ s±mika½ gaºhat³”ti asure sannip±tesi Sakko “kaha½ nu kho s± nibbatt±”ti olokento tattha nibbattabh±va½ ñatv± “suj± cittarucita½ s±mika½ gaºhant² ma½ gaºhissat²”ti asuravaººa½ m±petv± tattha agam±si. Suja½ alaªkaritv± sannip±taµµh±na½ ±netv± “cittarucita½ s±mika½ gaºh±”ti ±ha½su. S± olokent² sakka½ disv± pubbepi sinehavasena uppannapemena mahoghena viya ajjhotthaµahaday± hutv± “aya½ me s±miko”ti vatv± tassa upari pupphad±ma½ khipitv± aggahesi. Asur± “amh±ka½ r±j± ettaka½ k±la½ dh²tu anucchavika½ alabhitv± id±ni labhati ayamevass± dh²tu pit±mahato mahallako anucchaviko”ti lajjam±n± pakkami½su. So ta½ devanagara½ ±netv± a¹¹hateyy±na½ n±µik±koµ²na½ jeµµhika½ katv± y±vat±yuka½ µhatv± yath±kamma½ gato.
Satth± ima½ dhammadesana½ ±haritv± “eva½ bhikkhu pubbe paº¹it± devanagare rajja½ k±rayam±n± attano j²vita½ pariccajant±pi p±º±tip±ta½ na kari½su, tva½ n±ma evar³pe niyy±nike s±sane pabbajitv± apariss±vita½ sap±ºaka½ udaka½ pivissas²”ti ta½ bhikkhu½ garahitv± anusandhi½ ghaµetv± j±taka½ samodh±nesi– “tad± m±talisaªg±hako ±nando ahosi, sakko pana ahameva ahosin”ti.

Kul±vakaj±takavaººan± paµham±.