6. Devadhammaj±takavaººan±

Hiri-ottappasampann±ti ida½ bhagav± jetavane viharanto aññatara½ bahubhaº¹ika½ bhikkhu½ ±rabbha kathesi. S±vatthiv±s² kireko kuµumbiko bhariy±ya k±lakat±ya pabbaji. So pabbajanto attano pariveºañca aggis±lañca bhaº¹agabbhañca k±retv± bhaº¹agabbha½ sappitaº¹ul±d²hi p³retv± pabbaji. Pabbajitv± ca pana attano d±se pakkos±petv± yath±rucita½ ±h±ra½ pac±petv± bhuñjati, bahuparikkh±ro ca ahosi ratti½ añña½ niv±sanap±rupana½ hoti, div± añña½. Vih±rapaccante vasati. Tassekadivasa½ c²varapaccattharaº±d²ni n²haritv± pariveºe pattharitv± sukkh±pentassa sambahul± j±napad± bhikkh³ sen±sanac±rika½ ±hiº¹ant± pariveºa½ gantv± c²var±d²ni disv± “kassim±n²”ti pucchi½su. So “mayha½, ±vuso”ti ±ha. “¾vuso, idampi c²vara½, idampi niv±sana½, idampi paccattharaºa½, sabba½ tuyhamev±”ti? “¾ma mayhamev±”ti. “¾vuso bhagavat± t²ºi c²var±ni anuññ±t±ni, tva½ eva½ appicchassa buddhassa s±sane pabbajitv± eva½ bahuparikkh±ro j±to, ehi ta½ dasabalassa santika½ ness±m±”ti ta½ ±d±ya satthu santika½ agama½su.
Satth± disv±va “ki½ nu kho, bhikkhave aniccham±naka½yeva bhikkhu½ gaºhitv± ±gatatth±”ti ±ha. “Bhante, aya½ bhikkhu bahubhaº¹o bahuparikkh±ro”ti. “Sacca½ kira tva½ bhikkhu bahubhaº¹o”ti? “Sacca½, bhagav±”ti. “Kasm± pana tva½ bhikkhu bahubhaº¹o j±to”? “Nanu aha½ appicchat±ya santuµµhit±ya pavivekassa v²riy±rambhassa vaººa½ vad±m²”ti. So satthu vacana½ sutv± kupito “imin± d±ni n²h±rena cariss±m²”ti p±rupana½ cha¹¹etv± parisamajjhe ekac²varo aµµh±si.
Atha na½ satth± upatthambhayam±no “nanu tva½ bhikkhu pubbe hirottappagavesako dakarakkhasak±lepi hirottappa½ gavesam±no dv±dasa sa½vacchar±ni vih±si, atha kasm± id±ni eva½ garuke buddhas±sane pabbajitv± catuparisamajjhe p±rupana½ cha¹¹etv± hirottappa½ pah±ya µhitos²”ti? So satthu vacana½ sutv± hirottappa½ paccupaµµh±petv± ta½ c²vara½ p±rupitv± satth±ra½ vanditv± ekamanta½ nis²di. Bhikkh³ tassatthassa ±vibh±vattha½ bhagavanta½ y±ci½su, bhagav± bhavantarena paµicchanna½ k±raºa½ p±kaµa½ ak±si.
At²te k±siraµµhe b±r±ºasiya½ brahmadatto n±ma r±j± ahosi. Tad± bodhisatto tassa aggamahesiy± kucchimhi paµisandhi½ gaºhi. Tassa n±maggahaºadivase “mahis±sakum±ro”ti n±ma½ aka½su. Tassa ±dh±vitv± paridh±vitv± vicaraºak±le rañño aññopi putto j±to, tassa “candakum±ro”ti n±ma½ aka½su. Tassa pana ±dh±vitv± paridh±vitv± vicaraºak±le bodhisattassa m±t± k±lamak±si, r±j± añña½ aggamahesiµµh±ne µhapesi. S± rañño piy± ahosi man±p±, s±pi sa½v±samanv±ya eka½ putta½ vij±yi, “s³riyakum±ro”tissa n±ma½ aka½su. R±j± putta½ disv± tuµµhacitto “bhadde, puttassa te vara½ damm²”ti ±ha. Dev², vara½ icchitak±le gahetabba½ katv± µhapesi. S± putte vayappatte r±j±na½ ±ha– “devena mayha½ puttassa j±tak±le varo dinno, puttassa me rajja½ deh²”ti. R±j± “mayha½ dve putt± aggikkhandh± viya jalam±n± vicaranti, na sakk± tava puttassa rajja½ d±tun”ti paµikkhipitv±pi ta½ punappuna½ y±cam±nameva disv± “aya½ mayha½ putt±na½ p±pakampi cinteyy±”ti putte pakkos±petv± ±ha– “t±t±, aha½ s³riyakum±rassa j±tak±le vara½ ad±si½. Id±nissa m±t± rajja½ y±cati, aha½ tassa na d±tuk±mo, m±tug±mo n±ma p±po, tumh±ka½ p±pakampi cinteyya, tumhe arañña½ pavisitv± mama accayena kulasantake nagare rajja½ kareyy±th±”ti roditv± kanditv± s²se cumbitv± uyyojesi. Te pitara½ vanditv± p±s±d± otarante r±jaªgaºe k²¼am±no s³riyakum±ro disv± ta½ k±raºa½ ñatv± “ahampi bh±tikehi saddhi½ gamiss±m²”ti tehi saddhi½yeva nikkhami. Te himavanta½ pavisi½su.
Bodhisatto magg± okkamma rukkham³le nis²ditv± s³riyakum±ra½ ±mantesi “t±ta s³riyakum±ra, eta½ sara½ gantv± nhatv± ca pivitv± ca paduminipaººehi amh±kampi p±n²ya½ ±neh²”ti. Ta½ pana sara½ vessavaºassa santik± ekena dakarakkhasena laddha½ hoti, vessavaºo ca ta½ ±ha– “µhapetv± devadhammaj±nanake ye aññe ima½ sara½ otaranti, te kh±ditu½ labhasi. Anotiººe na labhas²”ti. Tato paµµh±ya so rakkhaso ye ta½ sara½ otaranti, te devadhamme pucchitv± ye na j±nanti, te kh±dati. Atha kho s³riyakum±ro ta½ sara½ gantv± av²ma½sitv±va otari. Atha na½ so rakkhaso gahetv± “devadhamme j±n±s²”ti pucchi. So “devadhamm± n±ma candimas³riy±”ti ±ha. Atha na½ “tva½ devadhamme na j±n±s²”ti vatv± udaka½ pavesetv± attano vasanaµµh±ne µhapesi. Bodhisattopi ta½ aticir±yanta½ disv± candakum±ra½ pesesi. Rakkhaso tampi gahetv± “devadhamme j±n±s²”ti pucchi. “¾ma j±n±mi, devadhamm± n±ma catasso dis±”ti. Rakkhaso “na tva½ devadhamme j±n±s²”ti tampi gahetv± tattheva µhapesi.
Bodhisatto tasmimpi cir±yante “ekena antar±yena bhavitabban”ti saya½ tattha gantv± dvinnampi otaraºapadava¼añja½ disv± “rakkhasapariggahitena imin± sarena bhavitabban”ti khagga½ sannayhitv± dhanu½ gahetv± aµµh±si. Dakarakkhaso bodhisatta½ udaka½ anotaranta½ disv± vanakammikapuriso viya hutv± bodhisatta½ ±ha– “bho, purisa, tva½ maggakilanto kasm± ima½ sara½ otaritv± nhatv± pivitv± bhisamu¼±la½ kh±ditv± pupph±ni pi¼andhitv± yath±sukha½ na gacchas²”ti? Bodhisatto ta½ disv± “eso yakkho bhavissat²”ti ñatv± “tay± me bh±tik± gahit±”ti ±ha. “¾ma, gahit±”ti. “Ki½ k±raº±”ti? “Aha½ ima½ sara½ otiººake labh±m²”ti. “Ki½ pana sabbeva labhas²”ti? “Ye devadhamme j±nanti, te µhapetv± avasese labh±m²”ti. “Atthi pana te devadhammehi attho”ti? “¾ma, atth²”ti. “Yadi eva½ aha½ te devadhamme kathess±m²”ti. “Tena hi kathehi, aha½ devadhamme suºiss±m²”ti. Bodhisatto ±ha “aha½ devadhamme katheyya½, kiliµµhagatto panamh²”ti. Yakkho bodhisatta½ nh±petv± bhojana½ bhojetv± p±n²ya½ p±yetv± pupph±ni pi¼andh±petv± gandhehi vilimp±petv± alaªkatamaº¹apamajjhe pallaªka½ attharitv± ad±si.
Bodhisatto ±sane nis²ditv± yakkha½ p±dam³le nis²d±petv± “tena hi ohitasoto sakkacca½ devadhamme suº±h²”ti ima½ g±tham±ha–
6. “Hiri-ottappasampann±, sukkadhammasam±hit±;
 santo sappuris± loke, devadhamm±ti vuccare”ti.
Tattha hiri-ottappasampann±ti hiriy± ca ottappena ca samann±gat±. Tesu k±yaduccarit±d²hi hiriyat²ti hir², lajj±yeta½ adhivacana½. Tehiyeva ottappat²ti ottappa½, p±pato ubbegasseta½ adhivacana½. Tattha ajjhattasamuµµh±n± hir², bahiddh±samuµµh±na½ ottappa½. Att±dhipateyy± hir², lok±dhipateyya½ ottappa½. Lajj±sabh±vasaºµhit± hir², bhayasabh±vasaºµhita½ ottappa½. Sappatissavalakkhaº± hir², vajjabh²rukabhayadass±vilakkhaºa½ ottappa½.
Tattha ajjhattasamuµµh±na½ hiri½ cat³hi k±raºehi samuµµh±peti– j±ti½ paccavekkhitv± vaya½ paccavekkhitv± s³rabh±va½ paccavekkhitv± b±husacca½ paccavekkhitv± Katha½? “P±pakaraºa½ n±meta½ na j±tisampann±na½ kamma½, h²najacc±na½ kevaµµ±d²na½ kamma½, m±disassa j±tisampannassa ida½ kamma½ k±tu½ na yuttan”ti eva½ t±va j±ti½ paccavekkhitv± p±º±tip±t±dip±pa½ akaronto hiri½ samuµµh±peti. Tath± “p±pakaraºa½ n±meta½ daharehi kattabba½ kamma½, m±disassa vaye µhitassa ida½ kamma½ k±tu½ na yuttan”ti eva½ vaya½ paccavekkhitv± p±º±tip±t±dip±pa½ akaronto hiri½ samuµµh±peti. Tath± “p±pakamma½ n±meta½ dubbalaj±tik±na½ kamma½, m±disassa s³rabh±vasampannassa ida½ kamma½ k±tu½ na yuttan”ti eva½ s³rabh±va½ paccavekkhitv± p±º±tip±t±dip±pa½ akaronto hiri½ samuµµh±peti. Tath± “p±pakamma½ n±meta½ andhab±l±na½ kamma½, na paº¹it±na½, m±disassa paº¹itassa bahussutassa ida½ kamma½ k±tu½ na yuttan”ti eva½ b±husacca½ paccavekkhitv± p±º±tip±t±dip±pa½ akaronto hiri½ samuµµh±peti. Eva½ ajjhattasamuµµh±na½ hiri½ cat³hi k±raºehi samuµµh±peti. Samuµµh±petv± ca pana attano citte hiri½ pavesetv± p±pakamma½ na karoti. Eva½ hir² ajjhattasamuµµh±n± n±ma hoti.
Katha½ ottappa½ bahiddh±samuµµh±na½ n±ma? “Sace tva½ p±pakamma½ karissasi, cat³su paris±su garahappatto bhavissasi.
“Garahissanti ta½ viññ³, asuci½ n±gariko yath±;
vajjito s²lavantehi, katha½ bhikkhu karissas²”ti. (Dha. sa. aµµha. 1 balar±sivaººan±)–

Eva½ paccavekkhanto hi bahiddh±samuµµhitena ottappena p±pakamma½ na karoti. Eva½ ottappa½ bahiddh±samuµµh±na½ n±ma hoti.

Katha½ hir² att±dhipateyy± n±ma? Idhekacco kulaputto att±na½ adhipati½ jeµµhaka½ katv± “m±disassa saddh±pabbajitassa bahussutassa dhutaªgadharassa na yutta½ p±pakamma½ k±tun”ti p±pa½ na karoti. Eva½ hir² att±dhipateyy± n±ma hoti. Ten±ha bhagav±–
“So att±na½yeva adhipati½ katv± akusala½ pajahati, kusala½ bh±veti. S±vajja½ pajahati, anavajja½ bh±veti. Suddhamatt±na½ pariharat²”ti (a. ni. 3.40).
Katha½ ottappa½ lok±dhipateyya½ n±ma? Idhekacco kulaputto loka½ adhipati½ jeµµhaka½ katv± p±pakamma½ na karoti. Yath±ha–
“Mah± kho pan±ya½ lokasanniv±so. Mahantasmi½ kho pana lokasanniv±se santi samaºabr±hmaº± iddhimanto dibbacakkhuk± paracittaviduno, te d³ratopi passanti, ±sann±pi na dissanti, cetas±pi citta½ j±nanti, tepi ma½ eva½ j±nissanti ‘passatha bho, ima½ kulaputta½, saddh± ag±rasm± anag±riya½ pabbajito sam±no vokiººo viharati p±pakehi akusalehi dhammeh²’ti.
“Santi devat± iddhimantiyo dibbacakkhuk± paracittaviduniyo, t± d³ratopi passanti, ±sann±pi na dissanti, cetas±pi citta½ j±nanti, t±pi ma½ eva½ j±nissanti ‘passatha bho, ima½ kulaputta½, saddh± ag±rasm± anag±riya½ pabbajito sam±no vokiººo viharati p±pakehi akusalehi dhammeh²’ti. So loka½yeva adhipati½ jeµµhaka½ karitv± akusala½ pajahati, kusala½ bh±veti. S±vajja½ pajahati, anavajja½ bh±veti. Suddhamatt±na½ pariharat²”ti (a. ni. 3.40).
Eva½ ottappa½ lok±dhipateyya½ n±ma hoti.
“Lajj±sabh±vasaºµhit± hir², bhayasabh±vasaºµhita½ ottappan”ti ettha pana lajj±ti lajjan±k±ro, tena sabh±vena saºµhit± hir². Bhayanti ap±yabhaya½, tena sabh±vena saºµhita½ ottappa½. Tadubhayampi p±paparivajjane p±kaµa½ hoti. Ekacco hi yath± n±meko kulaputto ucc±rapass±v±d²ni karonto lajjitabbayuttaka½ eka½ disv± lajjan±k±rappatto bhaveyya h²¼ito, evameva½ ajjhatta½ lajjidhamma½ okkamitv± p±pakamma½ na karoti. Ekacco ap±yabhayabh²to hutv± p±pakamma½ na karoti. Tatrida½ opamma½– yath± hi dv²su ayogu¼esu eko s²talo bhaveyya g³thamakkhito, eko uºho ±ditto. Tattha paº¹ito s²tala½ g³thamakkhitatt± jigucchanto na gaºh±ti, itara½ ¹±habhayena. Tattha s²talassa g³thamakkhitassa jigucch±ya agaºhana½ viya ajjhatta½ lajjidhamma½ okkamitv± p±passa akaraºa½, uºhassa ¹±habhayena agaºhana½ viya ap±yabhayena p±passa akaraºa½ veditabba½.
“Sappatissavalakkhaº± hir², vajjabh²rukabhayadass±vilakkhaºa½ ottappan”ti idampi dvaya½ p±paparivajjaneyeva p±kaµa½ hoti. Ekacco hi j±timahattapaccavekkhaº±, satthumahattapaccavekkhaº±, d±yajjamahattapaccavekkhaº±, sabrahmac±rimahattapaccavekkhaº±ti cat³hi k±raºehi sappatissavalakkhaºa½ hiri½ samuµµh±petv± p±pa½ na karoti. Ekacco att±nuv±dabhaya½, par±nuv±dabhaya½ daº¹abhaya½, duggatibhayanti cat³hi k±raºehi vajjabh²rukabhayadass±vilakkhaºa½ ottappa½ samuµµh±petv± p±pa½ na karoti. Tattha j±timahattapaccavekkhaº±d²ni ceva att±nuv±dabhay±d²ni ca vitth±retv± kathetabb±ni. Tesa½ vitth±ro aªguttaranik±yaµµhakath±ya½ vutto.
Sukkadhammasam±hit±ti idameva hirottappa½ ±di½ katv± kattabb± kusal± dhamm± sukkadhamm± n±ma, te sabbasaªg±hakanayena catubh³makalokiyalokuttaradhamm±. Tehi sam±hit± samann±gat±ti attho. Santo sappuris± loketi k±yakamm±d²na½ santat±ya santo, kataññukatavedit±ya sobhan± puris±ti sappuris±. Loko pana saªkh±raloko, sattaloko, ok±saloko, khandhaloko, ±yatanaloko, dh±tulokoti anekavidho. Tattha “eko loko sabbe satt± ±h±raµµhitik±…pe… aµµh±rasa lok± aµµh±rasa dh±tuyo”ti (paµi. ma. 1.112) ettha saªkh±raloko vutto. Khandhalok±dayo tadantogadh±yeva. “Aya½ loko paraloko, devaloko manussaloko”ti-±d²su (mah±ni. 3; c³¼ani. ajitam±ºavapucch±niddesa 2) pana sattaloko vutto.
“Y±vat± candimas³riy±, pariharanti dis± bhanti virocam±n±;
t±va sahassadh± loko, ettha te vattate vaso”ti. (Ma. ni. 1.503)–

Ettha ok±saloko vutto. Tesu idha sattaloko adhippeto. Sattalokasmiñhi ye evar³p± sappuris±, te devadhamm±ti vuccanti.

Tattha dev±ti sammutidev±, upapattidev±, visuddhidev±ti tividh±. Tesu mah±sammatak±lato paµµh±ya lokena “dev±”ti sammatatt± r±jar±jakum±r±dayo sammutidev± n±ma. Devaloke uppann± upapattidev± n±ma. Kh²º±sav± pana visuddhidev± n±ma. Vuttampi ceta½–
“Sammutidev± n±ma r±j±no deviyo r±jakum±r±. Upapattidev± n±ma bhummadeve up±d±ya taduttaridev±. Visuddhidev± n±ma buddh± paccekabuddh± kh²º±sav±”ti (c³¼ani. dhotakam±ºavapucch±niddesa 32; p±r±yan±nug²tig±th±niddesa 119).
Imesa½ dev±na½ dhamm±ti devadhamm±. Vuccareti vuccanti. Hirottappam³lak± hi kusal± dhamm± kulasampad±ya ceva devaloke nibbattiy± ca visuddhibh±vassa ca k±raºatt± k±raºaµµhena tividh±nampi tesa½ dev±na½ dhamm±ti devadhamm±, tehi devadhammehi samann±gat± puggal±pi devadhamm±. Tasm± puggal±dhiµµh±nadesan±ya te dhamme dassento “santo sappuris± loke, devadhamm±ti vuccare”ti ±ha.
Yakkho ima½ dhammadesana½ sutv± pasannacitto bodhisatta½ ±ha– “paº¹ita, aha½ tumh±ka½ pasanno, eka½ bh±tara½ demi, katara½ ±nem²”ti? “Kaniµµha½ ±neh²”ti. “Paº¹ita, tva½ kevala½ devadhamme j±n±siyeva, na pana tesu vattas²”ti. “Ki½ k±raº±”ti? “Ya½k±raº± jeµµhaka½ µhapetv± kaniµµha½ ±º±pento jeµµh±pac±yikakamma½ na karos²”ti. Devadhamme c±ha½, yakkha, j±n±mi, tesu ca vatt±mi. Mayañhi ima½ arañña½ eta½ niss±ya paviµµh±. Etassa hi atth±ya amh±ka½ pitara½ etassa m±t± rajja½ y±ci, amh±ka½ pana pit± ta½ vara½ adatv± amh±ka½ anurakkhaºatth±ya araññav±sa½ anuj±ni. So kum±ro anuvattitv± amhehi saddhi½ ±gato. “Ta½ araññe eko yakkho kh±d²”ti vuttepi na koci saddahissati, ten±ha½ garahabhayabh²to tameva ±º±pem²ti. “S±dhu s±dhu paº¹ita, tva½ devadhamme ca j±n±si, tesu ca vattas²”ti pasanno yakkho bodhisattassa s±dhuk±ra½ datv± dvepi bh±taro ±netv± ad±si.
Atha na½ bodhisatto ±ha– “samma, tva½ pubbe attan± katena p±pakammena paresa½ ma½salohitakh±dako yakkho hutv± nibbatto, id±nipi p±pameva karosi, ida½ te p±pakamma½ niray±d²hi muccitu½ ok±sa½ na dassati tasm± ito paµµh±ya p±pa½ pah±ya kusala½ karoh²”ti. Asakkhi ca pana ta½ dametu½. So ta½ yakkha½ dametv± tena sa½vihit±rakkho tattheva vasanto ekadivasa½ nakkhatta½ oloketv± pitu k±lakatabh±va½ ñatv± yakkha½ ±d±ya b±r±ºasi½ gantv± rajja½ gahetv± candakum±rassa oparajja½, s³riyakum±rassa sen±patiµµh±na½, datv± yakkhassa ramaº²ye µh±ne ±yatana½ k±retv±, yath± so aggam±la½ aggapuppha½ aggabhattañca labhati, tath± ak±si. So dhammena rajja½ k±retv± yath±kamma½ gato.
Satth± ima½ dhammadesana½ ±haritv± dassetv± sacc±ni pak±sesi, saccapariyos±ne so bhikkhu sot±pattiphale patiµµhahi. Samm±sambuddhopi dve vatth³ni kathetv± anusandhi½ ghaµetv± j±taka½ samodh±nesi– “tad± dakarakkhaso bahubhaº¹ikabhikkhu ahosi, s³riyakum±ro ±nando, candakum±ro s±riputto, jeµµhakabh±t± mahis±sakum±ro pana ahameva ahosin”ti.

Devadhammaj±takavaººan± chaµµh±.