1. Ekakanip±to

1. Apaººakavaggo

1. Apaººakaj±takavaººan±

Ima½ t±va apaººakadhammadesana½ bhagav± s±vatthi½ upaniss±ya jetavanamah±vih±re viharanto kathesi. Ka½ pana ±rabbha aya½ kath± samuµµhit±ti? Seµµhissa sah±yake pañcasate titthiyas±vake. Ekasmiñhi divase an±thapiº¹iko seµµhi attano sah±yake pañcasate aññatitthiyas±vake ±d±ya bahu½ m±l±gandhavilepanañceva sappitelamadhuph±ºitavatthacch±dan±ni ca g±h±petv± jetavana½ gantv± bhagavanta½ vanditv± gandham±l±d²hi p³jetv± bhesajj±ni ceva vatth±ni ca bhikkhusaªghassa vissajjetv± cha nisajj±dose vajjetv± ekamanta½ nis²di. Tepi aññatitthiyas±vak± tath±gata½ vanditv± satthu puººacandasassirika½ mukha½, lakkhaº±nubyañjanapaµimaº¹ita½ by±mappabh±parikkhitta½ brahmak±ya½, ±ve¼±ve¼± yamakayamak± hutv± niccharantiyo ghanabuddharasmiyo ca olokayam±n± an±thapiº¹ikassa sam²peyeva nis²di½su.

Atha nesa½ satth± manosil±tale s²han±da½ nadanto taruºas²ho viya gajjanto p±vussakamegho viya ca ±k±sagaªga½ ot±rento viya ca ratanad±ma½ ganthento viya ca aµµhaªgasamann±gatena savan²yena kaman²yena brahmassarena n±n±nayavicitta½ madhuradhammakatha½ kathesi. Te satthu dhammadesana½ sutv± pasannacitt± uµµh±ya dasabala½ vanditv± aññatitthiyasaraºa½ bhinditv± buddha½ saraºa½ agama½su. Te tato paµµh±ya niccak±la½ an±thapiº¹ikena saddhi½ gandham±l±dihatth± vih±ra½ gantv± dhamma½ suºanti, d±na½ denti, s²la½ rakkhanti, uposathakamma½ karonti.

Atha bhagav± s±vatthito punadeva r±jagaha½ agam±si. Te tath±gatassa gatak±le ta½ saraºa½ bhinditv± puna aññatitthiyasaraºa½ gantv± attano m³laµµh±neyeva patiµµhit±. Bhagav±pi sattaµµha m±se v²tin±metv± puna jetavanameva agam±si. An±thapiº¹iko punapi te ±d±ya satthu santika½ gantv± satth±ra½ gandham±l±d²hi p³jetv± vanditv± ekamanta½ nis²di. Tepi bhagavanta½ vanditv± ekamanta½ nis²di½su. Atha nesa½ tath±gate c±rika½ pakkante gahitasaraºa½ bhinditv± puna aññatitthiyasaraºameva gahetv± m³le patiµµhitabh±va½ bhagavato ±rocesi.

Bhagav± aparimitakappakoµiyo nirantara½ pavattitavac²sucarit±nubh±vena dibbagandhagandhita½ n±n±gandhap³rita½ ratanakaraº¹aka½ vivaranto viya mukhapaduma½ vivaritv± madhurassara½ nicch±rento “sacca½ kira tumhe up±sak± t²ºi saraº±ni bhinditv± aññatitthiyasaraºa½ gat±”ti pucchi. Atha tehi paµicch±detu½ asakkontehi “sacca½ bhagav±”ti vutte satth± “up±sak± heµµh± av²ci½ upari bhavagga½ pariccheda½ katv± tiriya½ aparim±º±su lokadh±t³su s²l±d²hi guºehi buddhena sadiso n±ma natthi, kuto adhikataro”ti. “Y±vat±, bhikkhave, satt± apad± v± dvipad± v± catuppad± v± bahuppad± v±, tath±gato tesa½ aggamakkh±yati (sa½. ni. 5.139; a. ni. 4.34), ya½ kiñci vitta½ idha v± hura½ v±…pe… (khu. p±. 6.3; su. ni. 226) aggato ve pasann±nan”ti-±d²hi (a. ni. 4.34; itivu. 90) suttehi pak±site ratanattayaguºe pak±setv± “eva½ uttamaguºehi samann±gata½ ratanattaya½ saraºa½ gat± up±sak± v± up±sik± v± niray±d²su nibbattak± n±ma natthi, ap±yanibbattito pana muccitv± devaloke uppajjitv± mah±sampatti½ anubhonti, tasm± tumhehi evar³pa½ saraºa½ bhinditv± aññatitthiyasaraºa½ gacchantehi ayutta½ katan”ti ±ha.

Ettha ca t²ºi ratan±ni mokkhavasena uttamavasena saraºagat±na½ ap±yesu nibbattiy± abh±vad²panattha½ im±ni sutt±ni dassetabb±ni–

“Ye keci buddha½ saraºa½ gat±se, na te gamissanti ap±yabh³mi½;
pah±ya m±nusa½ deha½, devak±ya½ parip³ressanti. (D². ni. 2.332; sa½. ni. 1.37).
“Ye keci dhamma½ saraºa½ gat±se, na te gamissanti ap±yabh³mi½;
pah±ya m±nusa½ deha½, devak±ya½ parip³ressanti.
“Ye keci saªgha½ saraºa½ gat±se, na te gamissanti ap±yabh³mi½;
pah±ya m±nusa½ deha½, devak±ya½ parip³ressanti.
“Bahu½ ve saraºa½ yanti, pabbat±ni van±ni ca;
±r±marukkhacety±ni, manuss± bhayatajjit±.
“Neta½ kho saraºa½ khema½, neta½ saraºamuttama½;
neta½ saraºam±gamma, sabbadukkh± pamuccati.
“Yo ca buddhañca dhammañca, saªghañca saraºa½ gato;
catt±ri ariyasacc±ni, sammappaññ±ya passati.
“Dukkha½ dukkhasamupp±da½, dukkhassa ca atikkama½;
ariyañcaµµhaªgika½ magga½, dukkh³pasamag±mina½.
“Eta½ kho saraºa½ khema½, eta½ saraºamuttama½;
eta½ saraºam±gamma, sabbadukkh± pamuccat²”ti. (Dha. pa. 188-192).

Na kevalañca nesa½ satth± ettaka½yeva dhamma½ desesi, apica kho “up±sak± buddh±nussatikammaµµh±na½ n±ma, dhamm±nussatikammaµµh±na½ n±ma, saªgh±nussatikammaµµh±na½ n±ma sot±pattimagga½ deti, sot±pattiphala½ deti, sakad±g±mimagga½ deti, sakad±g±miphala½ deti, an±g±mimagga½ deti, an±g±miphala½ deti, arahattamagga½ deti, arahattaphala½ det²”ti-evam±d²hipi nayehi dhamma½ desetv± “evar³pa½ n±ma saraºa½ bhindantehi ayutta½ tumhehi katan”ti ±ha. Ettha ca buddh±nussatikammaµµh±n±d²na½ sot±pattimagg±dippad±na½ “ekadhammo, bhikkhave, bh±vito bahul²kato ekantanibbid±ya vir±g±ya nirodh±ya upasam±ya abhiññ±ya sambodh±ya nibb±n±ya sa½vattati. Katamo ekadhammo? Buddh±nussat²”ti-evam±d²hi (a. ni. 1.296) suttehi d²petabba½.

Eva½ bhagav± n±nappak±rehi up±sake ovaditv± “up±sak± pubbepi manuss± asaraºa½ ‘saraºan’ti takkagg±hena viraddhagg±hena gahetv± amanussapariggahite kant±re yakkhabhakkh± hutv± mah±vin±sa½ patt±, apaººakagg±ha½ pana eka½sikagg±ha½ aviraddhagg±ha½ gahitamanuss± tasmi½yeva kant±re sotthibh±va½ patt±”ti vatv± tuºh² ahosi. Atha kho an±thapiº¹iko gahapati uµµh±y±san± bhagavanta½ vanditv± abhitthavitv± sirasmi½ añjali½ patiµµh±petv± evam±ha “bhante, id±ni t±va imesa½ up±sak±na½ uttamasaraºa½ bhinditv± takkaggahaºa½ amh±ka½ p±kaµa½, pubbe pana amanussapariggahite kant±re takkik±na½ vin±so, apaººakagg±ha½ gahitamanuss±nañca sotthibh±vo amh±ka½ paµicchanno, tumh±kameva p±kaµo, s±dhu vata no bhagav± ±k±se puººacanda½ uµµh±pento viya ima½ k±raºa½ p±kaµa½ karot³”ti. Atha bhagav± “may± kho, gahapati, aparimitak±la½ dasa p±ramiyo p³retv± lokassa kaªkhacchedanatthameva sabbaññutaññ±ºa½ paµividdha½, s²havas±ya suvaººan±¼i½ p³rento viya sakkacca½ sota½ odahitv± suºoh²”ti seµµhino satupp±da½ janetv± himagabbha½ pad±letv± puººacanda½ n²haranto viya bhavantarena paµicchannak±raºa½ p±kaµa½ ak±si.

At²te k±siraµµhe b±r±ºasinagare brahmadatto n±ma r±j± ahosi. Tad± bodhisatto satthav±hakule paµisandhi½ gahetv± dasam±saccayena m±tukucchito nikkhamitv± anupubbena vayappatto pañcahi sakaµasatehi vaºijja½ karonto vicarati. So kad±ci pubbantato aparanta½ gacchati, kad±ci aparantato pubbanta½. B±r±ºasiya½yeva aññopi satthav±haputto atthi b±lo abyatto anup±yakusalo. Tad± bodhisatto b±r±ºasito mahaggha½ bhaº¹a½ gahetv± pañca sakaµasat±ni p³retv± gamanasajj±ni katv± µhapesi. Sopi b±lasatthav±haputto tatheva pañca sakaµasat±ni p³retv± gamanasajj±ni katv± µhapesi.

Tad± bodhisatto cintesi “sace aya½ b±lasatthav±haputto may± saddhi½yeva gamissati, sakaµasahasse ekato magga½ gacchante maggopi nappahossati, manuss±na½ d±rudak±d²nipi, balibadd±na½ tiº±nipi dullabh±ni bhavissanti, etena v± may± v± purato gantu½ vaµµat²”ti. So ta½ pakkos±petv± etamattha½ ±rocetv± “dv²hipi amhehi ekato gantu½ na sakk±, ki½ tva½ purato gamissasi, ud±hu pacchato”ti ±ha. So cintesi “mayi purato gacchante bah³ ±nisa½s±, maggena abhinneneva gamiss±mi, goº± an±maµµhatiºa½ kh±dissanti, manuss±na½ an±maµµha½ s³peyyapaººa½ bhavissati, pasanna½ udaka½ bhavissati, yath±ruci½ aggha½ µhapetv± bhaº¹a½ vikkiºiss±m²”ti. So “aha½, samma, purato gamiss±m²”ti ±ha. Bodhisattopi pacchato gamane bah³ ±nisa½se addasa. Eva½ hissa ahosi– “purato gacchant± magge visamaµµh±na½ sama½ karissanti, aha½ tehi gatamaggena gamiss±mi, purato gatehi balibaddehi pariºatathaddhatiºe kh±dite mama goº± puna uµµhit±ni madhuratiº±ni kh±dissanti, gahitapaººaµµh±nato uµµhita½ manuss±na½ s³peyyapaººa½ madhura½ bhavissati, anudake µh±ne ±v±µa½ khanitv± ete udaka½ upp±dessanti, tehi katesu ±v±µesu maya½ udaka½ piviss±ma, agghaµµhapana½ n±ma manuss±na½ j²vit± voropanasadisa½, aha½ pacchato gantv± etehi µhapitagghena bhaº¹a½ vikkiºiss±m²”ti. Atha so ettake ±nisa½se disv± “samma, tva½ purato gacch±h²”ti ±ha. “S±dhu, samm±”ti b±lasatthav±ho sakaµ±ni yojetv± nikkhanto anupubbena manuss±v±sa½ atikkamitv± kant±ramukha½ p±puºi.

Kant±ra½ n±ma– corakant±ra½, v±¼akant±ra½, nirudakakant±ra½, amanussakant±ra½, appabhakkhakant±ranti pañcavidha½. Tattha corehi adhiµµhitamaggo corakant±ra½ n±ma. S²h±d²hi adhiµµhitamaggo v±¼akant±ra½ n±ma. Yattha nh±yitu½ v± p±tu½ v± udaka½ natthi, ida½ nirudakakant±ra½ n±ma. Amanuss±dhiµµhita½ amanussakant±ra½ n±ma. M³lakh±dan²y±divirahita½ appabhakkhakant±ra½ n±ma. Imasmi½ pañcavidhe kant±re ta½ kant±ra½ nirudakakant±rañceva amanussakant±rañca. Tasm± so b±lasatthav±haputto sakaµesu mahantamahant± c±µiyo µhapetv± udakassa p³r±petv± saµµhiyojanika½ kant±ra½ paµipajji.

Athassa kant±ramajjha½ gatak±le kant±re adhivatthayakkho “imehi manussehi gahita½ udaka½ cha¹¹±petv± dubbale katv± sabbeva ne kh±diss±m²”ti sabbasetataruºabalibaddayutta½ manorama½ y±naka½ m±petv± dhanukal±paphalak±vudhahatthehi dasahi dv±dasahi amanussehi parivuto uppalakumud±ni pi¼andhitv± allakoso allavattho issarapuriso viya tasmi½ y±nake nis²ditv± kaddamamakkhitehi cakkehi paµipatha½ agam±si. Pariv±ra-amanuss±pissa purato ca pacchato ca gacchant± allakes± allavatth± uppalakumudam±l± pi¼andhitv± padumapuº¹ar²kakal±pe gahetv± bhisamu¼±l±ni kh±dant± udakabind³hi ceva kalalehi ca paggharantehi agama½su. Satthav±h± ca n±ma yad± dhurav±to v±yati, tad± y±nake nis²ditv± upaµµh±kaparivut± raja½ pariharant± purato gacchanti. Yad± pacchato v±to v±yati, tad± teneva nayena pacchato gacchanti. Tad± pana dhurav±to ahosi, tasm± so satthav±haputto purato agam±si.

Yakkho ta½ ±gacchanta½ disv± attano y±naka½ magg± okkam±petv± “kaha½ gacchath±”ti tena saddhi½ paµisanth±ra½ ak±si. Satthav±hopi attano y±naka½ magg± okkam±petv± sakaµ±na½ gamanok±sa½ datv± ekamante µhito ta½ yakkha½ avoca “bho, amhe t±va b±r±ºasito ±gacch±ma. Tumhe pana uppalakumud±ni pi¼andhitv± padumapuº¹ar²kahatth± bhisamu¼±l±ni kh±dant± kaddamamakkhit± udakabind³hi paggharantehi ±gacchatha. Ki½ nu kho tumhehi ±gatamagge devo vassati, uppal±disañchann±ni v± sar±ni atth²”ti pucchi. Yakkho tassa katha½ sutv± “samma, ki½ n±meta½ kathesi. Es± n²lavanar±ji paññ±yati. Tato paµµh±ya sakala½ arañña½ ekodaka½, nibaddha½ devo vassati, kandar± p³r±, tasmi½ tasmi½ µh±ne padum±disañchann±ni sar±ni atth²”ti vatv± paµip±µiy± gacchantesu sakaµesu “im±ni sakaµ±ni ±d±ya kaha½ gacchath±”ti pucchi. “Asukajanapada½ n±m±”ti. “Imasmi½ cimasmiñca sakaµe ki½ n±ma bhaº¹an”ti? “Asukañca asukañc±”ti. “Pacchato ±gacchanta½ sakaµa½ ativiya garuka½ hutv± ±gacchati, etasmi½ ki½ bhaº¹an”ti? “Udaka½ etth±”ti. “Parato t±va udaka½ ±nentehi vo man±pa½ kata½, ito paµµh±ya pana udakena kicca½ natthi, purato bahu udaka½, c±µiyo bhinditv± udaka½ cha¹¹etv± sukhena gacchath±”ti ±ha. Evañca pana vatv± “tumhe gacchatha, amh±ka½ papañco hot²”ti thoka½ gantv± tesa½ adassana½ patv± attano yakkhanagarameva agam±si.