3. Kaªkh±revatattherag±th±vaººan±

Pañña½ ima½ pass±ti ±yasmato kaªkh±revatassa g±th±. K± uppatti? Ayampi thero padumuttarabhagavato k±le ha½savat²nagare br±hmaºamah±s±lakule nibbatto. Ekadivasa½ buddh±na½ dhammadesan±k±le heµµh± vuttanayena mah±janena saddhi½ vih±ra½ gantv± parisapariyante µhito dhamma½ suºanto satth±ra½ eka½ bhikkhu½ jh±n±bhirat±na½ aggaµµh±ne µhapenta½ disv± “may±pi an±gate evar³pena bhavitu½ vaµµat²”ti cintetv± desan±vas±ne satth±ra½ nimantetv± heµµh± vuttanayena mah±sakk±ra½ katv± bhagavanta½ ±ha– “bhante, aha½ imin± adhik±rakammena añña½ sampatti½ na patthemi, yath± pana so bhikkhu tumhehi ito sattamadivasamatthake jh±y²na½ aggaµµh±ne µhapito, eva½ ahampi an±gate ekassa buddhassa s±sane jh±y²na½ aggo bhaveyyan”ti patthanamak±si. Satth± an±gata½ oloketv± nipphajjanabh±va½ disv± “an±gate kappasatasahass±vas±ne gotamo n±ma buddho uppajjissati, tassa s±sane tva½ jh±y²na½ aggo bhavissas²”ti by±karitv± pakk±mi.

So y±vaj²va½ kaly±ºakamma½ katv± kappasatasahassa½ devamanussesu sa½saritv± amh±ka½ bhagavato k±le s±vatthinagare mah±bhogakule nibbatto pacch±bhatta½ dhammassavanattha½ gacchantena mah±janena saddhi½ vih±ra½ gantv± parisapariyante µhito dasabalassa dhammakatha½ sutv± paµiladdhasaddho pabbajitv± upasampada½ labhitv± kammaµµh±na½ kath±petv± jh±naparikamma½ karonto jh±nal±bh² hutv± jh±na½ p±daka½ katv± arahatta½ p±puºi. So yebhuyyena dasabalena sam±pajjitabbasam±patti½ sam±pajjanto ahoratta½ jh±nesu ciººavas² ahosi. Atha na½ satth± “etadagga½, bhikkhave, mama s±vak±na½ bhikkh³na½ jh±y²na½ yadida½ kaªkh±revato”ti (a. ni. 1.198, 204) jh±y²na½ aggaµµh±ne µhapesi. Vuttampi ceta½ apad±ne (apa. thera 2.55.34-53)–

“Padumuttaro n±ma jino, sabbadhammesu cakkhum±;
ito satasahassamhi, kappe uppajji n±yako.
“S²hahanu brahmagiro, ha½sadundubhinissano;
n±gavikkantagamano, candas³r±dhikappabho.
“Mah±mati mah±v²ro, mah±jh±y² mah±balo;
mah±k±ruºiko n±tho, mah±tamapan³dano.
“Sa kad±ci tilokaggo, veneyya½ vinaya½ bahu½;
dhamma½ desesi sambuddho, satt±sayavid³ muni.
“Jh±yi½ jh±narata½ v²ra½, upasanta½ an±vila½;
vaººayanto parisati½, tosesi janata½ jino.
“Tad±ha½ ha½savatiya½, br±hmaºo vedap±rag³;
dhamma½ sutv±na mudito, ta½ µh±namabhipatthayi½.
“Tad± jino viy±k±si, saªghamajjhe vin±yako;
mudito hohi tva½ brahme, lacchase ta½ manoratha½.
“Satasahassito kappe, okk±kakulasambhavo;
gotamo n±ma gottena, satth± loke bhavissati.
“Tassa dhammesu d±y±do, oraso dhammanimmito;
revato n±ma n±mena, hessati satthu s±vako.
“Tena kammena sukatena, cetan±paºidh²hi ca;
jahitv± m±nusa½ deha½, t±vati½samagacchaha½.
“Pacchime ca bhave d±ni, j±toha½ koliye pure;
khattiye kulasampanne, iddhe ph²te mahaddhane.
“Yad± kapilavatthusmi½, buddho dhammamadesayi;
tad± pasanno sugate, pabbaji½ anag±riya½.
“Kaªkh± me bahul± ±si, kapp±kappe tahi½ tahi½;
sabba½ ta½ vinay² buddho, desetv± dhammamuttama½.
“Tatoha½ tiººasa½s±ro, tad± jh±nasukhe rato;
vihar±mi tad± buddho, ma½ disv± etadabravi.
“Y± k±ci kaªkh± idha v± hura½ v±, savediy± v± paravediy± v±;
ye jh±yino t± pajahanti sabb±, ±t±pino brahmacariya½ carant±.
“Satasahasse kata½ kamma½, phala½ dassesi me idha;
sumutto saravegova, kilese jh±payi½ mama.
“Tato jh±naratta½ disv±, buddho lokantag³ muni;
jh±y²na½ bhikkh³na½ aggo, paññ±pesi mah±mati.
“Kiles± jh±pit± mayha½, bhav± sabbe sam³hat±;
n±gova bandhana½ chetv±, vihar±mi an±savo.
“Sv±gata½ vata me ±si, mama buddhassa santike;
tisso vijj± anuppatt±, kata½ buddhassa s±sana½.
“Paµisambhid± catasso, vimokkh±pi ca aµµhime;
cha¼abhiññ± sacchikat±, kata½ buddhassa s±sanan”ti.

Tath± katakicco pan±ya½ mah±thero pubbe d²gharatta½ attano kaªkh±pakatacittata½ id±ni sabbaso vigatakaªkhatañca paccavekkhitv± “aho n³na mayha½ satthuno desan±nubh±vo, tenetarahi eva½ vigatakaªkho ajjhatta½ v³pasantacitto j±to”ti sañj±tabahum±no bhagavato pañña½ pasa½santo “pañña½ ima½ pass±”ti ima½ g±tham±ha.

3. Tattha paññanti pak±re j±n±ti, pak±rehi ñ±pet²ti ca paññ±. Veneyy±na½ ±say±nusayacariy±dhimutti-±dippak±re dhamm±na½ kusal±dike khandh±dike ca desetabbappak±re j±n±ti, yath±sabh±vato paµivijjhati, tehi ca pak±rehi ñ±pet²ti attho. Satthu desan±ñ±ºañhi idh±dhippeta½, ten±ha “iman”ti. Tañhi attani siddhena desan±balena nayagg±hato paccakkha½ viya upaµµhita½ gahetv± “iman”ti vutta½. Yadaggena v± satthu desan±ñ±ºa½ s±vakehi nayato gayhati, tadaggena attano visaye paµivedhañ±ºampi nayato gayhateva. Ten±ha ±yasm± dhammasen±pati– “apica me, bhante, dhammanvayo vidito”ti (d². ni. 2.146; 3.143). Pass±ti vimhayappatto aniyamato ±lapati attanoyeva v± citta½, yath±ha bhagav± ud±nento– “lokamima½ passa; puth³ avijj±ya pareta½ bh³ta½ bh³tarata½ bhav± aparimuttan”ti (ud±. 30). Tath±gat±nanti tath± ±gaman±di-atthena tath±gat±na½. Tath± ±gatoti hi tath±gato, tath± gatoti tath±gato, tathalakkhaºa½ ±gatoti tath±gato, tathadhamme y±th±vato abhisambuddhoti tath±gato, tathadassit±ya tath±gato, tathav±dit±ya tath±gato, tath±k±rit±ya tath±gato, abhibhavanaµµhena tath±gatoti eva½ aµµhahi k±raºehi bhagav± tath±gato. Tath±ya ±gatoti tath±gato, tath±ya gatoti tath±gato, tathalakkhaºa½ gatoti tath±gato, tath±ni ±gatoti tath±gato, tath±vidhoti tath±gato, tath± pavattitoti tath±gato, tathehi ±gatoti tath±gato tath± gatabh±vena tath±gatoti evampi aµµhahi k±raºehi bhagav± tath±gatoti ayamettha saªkhepo. Vitth±ro pana paramatthad²paniy± ud±naµµhakath±ya (ud±. aµµha. 18) itivuttakaµµhakath±ya (itivu. aµµha. 38) ca vuttanayeneva veditabbo.

Id±ni tass± paññ±ya as±dh±raºavisesa½ dassetu½ “aggi yath±”ti-±di vutta½. Yath± agg²ti upam±vacana½. Yath±ti tassa upam±bh±vadassana½. Pajjalitoti upameyyena sambandhadassana½. Nis²theti kiccakaraºak±ladassana½. Ayañhettha attho– yath± n±ma nis²the rattiya½ caturaªgasamann±gate andhak±re vattam±ne unnate µh±ne pajjalito aggi tasmi½ padese tayagata½ vidhamanta½ tiµµhati, evameva tath±gat±na½ ima½ desan±ñ±ºasaªkh±ta½ sabbaso veneyy±na½ sa½sayatama½ vidhamanta½ pañña½ pass±ti. Yato desan±vil±sena satt±na½ ñ±ºamaya½ ±loka½ dent²ti ±lokad±. Paññ±mayameva cakkhu½ dadant²ti cakkhudad±. Tadubhayampi kaªkh±vinayapadaµµh±nameva katv± dassento “ye ±gat±na½ vinayanti kaªkhan”ti ±ha, ye tath±gat± attano santika½ ±gat±na½ upagat±na½ veneyy±na½ “ahosi½ nu kho ahamat²tamaddh±nan”ti-±dinayappavatta½ (ma. ni. 1.18; sa½. ni. 2.20) so¼asavatthuka½, “buddhe kaªkhati dhamme kaªkhat²”ti-±dinayappavatta½ (dha. sa. 1008) aµµhavatthukañca kaªkha½ vicikiccha½ vinayanti desan±nubh±vena anavasesato vidhamanti viddha½senti. Vinayakukkuccasaªkh±t± pana kaªkh± tabbinayeneva vin²t± hont²ti.

Aparo nayo– yath± aggi nis²the rattibh±ge pajjalito paµutaraj±lo samujjala½ ucc±sane µhit±na½ obh±sad±namattena andhak±ra½ vidhamitv± samavisama½ vibh±vento ±lokadado hoti. Acc±sanne pana µhit±na½ ta½ sup±kaµa½ karonto cakkhukiccakaraºato cakkhudado n±ma hoti, evameva tath±gato attano dhammak±yassa d³re µhit±na½ akat±dhik±r±na½ paññ±pajjotena mohandhak±ra½ vidhamitv± k±yavisam±disamavisama½ vibh±vento ±lokad± bhavanti, ±sanne µhit±na½ pana kat±dhik±r±na½ dhammacakkhu½ upp±dento cakkhudad± bhavanti. Ye eva½bh³t± attano vac²gocara½ ±gat±na½ m±dis±nampi kaªkh±bahul±na½ kaªkha½ vinayanti ariyamaggasamupp±danena vidhamanti, tesa½ tath±gat±na½ pañña½ ñ±º±tisaya½ pass±ti yojan±. Evamaya½ therassa attano kaªkh±vitaraºappak±sanena aññ±by±karaºag±th±pi hoti. Ayañhi thero puthujjanak±le kappiyepi kukkuccako hutv± kaªkh±bahulat±ya “kaªkh±revato”ti paññ±to, pacch± kh²º±savak±lepi tatheva voharayittha. Ten±ha– “ittha½ suda½ ±yasm± kaªkh±revato g±tha½ abh±sitth±”ti. Ta½ vuttatthameva.

Kaªkh±revatattherag±th±vaººan± niµµhit±.