Nid±nag±th±vaººan±

Eva½ paricchinnaparim±º±su panet±su therag±th± ±di. Tatth±pi–

“S²h±na½va nadant±na½, d±µh²na½ girigabbhare;
suº±tha bh±vitatt±na½, g±th± atth³pan±yik±”ti.

Aya½ paµhamamah±saªg²tik±le ±yasmat± ±nandena tesa½ ther±na½ thomanattha½ bh±sit± g±th± ±di. Tattha s²h±nanti s²hasaddo “s²ho, bhikkhave, migar±j±”ti-±d²su (a. ni. 4.33) migar±je ±gato. “Atha kho s²ho sen±pati yena bhagav± tenupasaªkam²”ti-±d²su (a. ni. 5.34) paññattiya½. “S²hoti kho, bhikkhave, tath±gatasseta½ adhivacana½ arahato samm±sambuddhass±”ti-±d²su (a. ni. 5.99; 10.21) tath±gate. Tattha yath± tath±gate sadisakappan±ya ±gato, eva½ idh±pi sadisakappan±vaseneva veditabbo, tasm± s²h±na½v±ti s²h±na½ iva. Sandhivasena saralopo “eva½sa te”ti-±d²su (ma. ni. 1.22) viya. Tattha iv±ti nip±tapada½. Suº±th±ti ±khy±tapada½. Itar±ni n±mapad±ni. S²h±na½v±ti ca sambandhe s±mivacana½. K±mañcettha sambandh² sar³pato na vutto, atthato pana vuttova hoti. Yath± hi “oµµhasseva mukha½ etass±”ti vutte oµµhassa mukha½ viya mukha½ etass±ti ayamattho vutto eva hoti, evamidh±pi “s²h±na½v±”ti vutte s²h±na½ n±do viy±ti ayamattho vutto eva hoti. Tattha mukhasaddasannidh±na½ hot²ti ce, idh±pi “nadant±nan”ti padasannidh±nato, tasm± s²h±na½v±ti nidassanavacana½. Nadant±nanti tassa nidassitabbena sambandhadassana½. D±µh²nanti tabbisesana½. Girigabbhareti tassa pavattiµµh±nadassana½. Suº±th±ti savane niyojana½. Bh±vitatt±nanti sotabbassa pabhavadassana½. G±th±ti sotabbavatthudassana½. Atthupan±yik±ti tabbisesana½. K±mañcettha “s²h±na½ nadant±na½ d±µh²nan”ti pulliªgavasena ±gata½, liªga½ pana parivattetv± “s²h²nan”ti-±din± itthiliªgavasen±pi attho veditabbo. Ekasesavasena v± s²h± ca s²hiyo ca s²h±, tesa½ s²h±nanti-±din± s±dh±raº± het± tisso nid±nag±th± therag±th±na½ ther²g±th±nañc±ti.

Tattha sahanato hananato ca s²ho. Yath± hi s²hassa migarañño balavisesayogato sarabhamigamattavarav±raº±ditopi parissayo n±ma natthi, v±t±tap±diparissayampi so sahatiyeva, gocar±ya pakkamantopi tejussadat±ya mattagandhahatthivanamahi½s±dike sam±gantv± abh²r³ achambh² abhibhavati, abhibhavanto ca te aññadatthu hantv± tattha muduma½s±ni bhakkhayitv± sukheneva viharati, evametepi mah±ther± ariyabalavisesayogena sabbesampi parissay±na½ sahanato, r±g±disa½kilesabalassa abhibhavitv± hananato pajahanato tejussadabh±vena kutocipi abh²r³ achambh² jh±n±disukhena viharant²ti sahanato hananato ca s²h± viy±ti s²h±. Saddatthato pana yath± kantanatthena ±di-antavipall±sato takka½ vuccati, eva½ hi½sanaµµhena s²ho veditabbo. Tath± sahanaµµhena. Pisodar±dipakkhepena niruttinayena pana vuccam±ne vattabbameva natthi.

Atha v± yath± migar±j± kesaras²ho attano tejussadat±ya ekac±r² viharati, na kañci sah±ya½ pacc±s²sati, evametepi tejussadat±ya vivek±bhiratiy± ca ekac±rinoti ekacariyaµµhenapi s²h± viy±ti s²h±, ten±ha– bhagav± “s²ha½vekacara½ n±gan”ti (sa½. ni. 1.30; su. ni. 168).

Atha v± asant±sanajavaparakkam±divisesayogato s²h± viy±ti s²h±, ete mah±ther±. Vuttañheta½ bhagavat±–

“Dveme, bhikkhave, asaniy± phalantiy± na santasanti, katameva dve? Bhikkhu ca kh²º±savo s²ho ca migar±j±”ti (a. ni. 2.60).

Javopi s²hassa aññehi as±dh±raºo, tath± parakkamo. Tath± hi so usabhasatampi laªghitv± vanamahi½s±d²su nipatati, potakopi sam±no pabhinnamad±nampi mattavarav±raº±na½ paµim±na½ bhinditv± dantaka¼²ra½va kh±dati. Etesa½ pana ariyamaggajavo iddhijavo ca aññehi as±dh±raºo, sammappadh±naparakkamo ca niratisayo. Tasm± s²h±na½v±ti s²hasadis±na½ viya. S²hassa cettha h²n³pamat± daµµhabb±, accantavisiµµhassa sahan±di-atthassa theresveva labbhanato.

Nadant±nanti gajjant±na½. Gocaraparakkamatuµµhivel±d²su hi yath± s²h± attano ±sayato nikkhamitv± vijambhitv± s²han±da½ abh²tan±da½ nadanti, eva½ etepi visayajjhattapaccavekkhaºa-ud±n±dik±lesu ima½ abh²tan±da½ nadi½su. Tena vutta½– “s²h±na½va nadant±nan”ti. D±µh²nanti d±µh±vant±na½. Pasaµµhad±µh²na½, atisayad±µh±nanti v± attho. Yath± hi s²h± ativiya da¼h±na½ tikkh±nañca catunna½ d±µh±na½ balena paµipakkha½ abhibhavitv± attano manoratha½ matthaka½ p³renti, evametepi catunna½ ariyamaggad±µh±na½ balena an±dimati sa½s±re anabhibh³tapubbapaµipakkha½ abhibhavitv± attano manoratha½ matthaka½ p±pesu½. Idh±pi d±µh± viy±ti d±µh±ti sadisakappan±vaseneva attho veditabbo.

Girigabbhareti pabbataguh±ya½, sam²patthe bhummavacana½. “Girigavhare”ti keci paµhanti. Pabbatesu vanagahane vanasaº¹eti attho. Ida½ pana nesa½ virocanaµµh±nadassanañceva s²han±dassa yogyabh³midassanañca. Nadant±na½ girigabbhareti yojan±. Yath± hi s²h± yebhuyyena girigabbhare aññehi dur±sadat±ya janavivitte vasant± attano dassanena uppajjanakassa khuddakamigasant±sassa pariharaºattha½ gocaragamane s²han±da½ nadanti, evametepi aññehi dur±sadagirigabbharasadiseva suññ±g±revasant± guºehi khuddak±na½ puthujjan±na½ taºh±diµµhiparitt±saparivajjanattha½ vakkham±nag±th±saªkh±ta½ abh²tan±da½ nadi½su. Tena vutta½ “s²h±na½va nadant±na½, d±µh²na½ girigabbhare”ti.

Suº±th±ti savan±ºattikavacana½, tena vakkham±n±na½ g±th±na½ sannipatit±ya paris±ya sotuk±mata½ upp±dento savane ±dara½ janeti, uss±ha½ samuµµh±pento g±rava½ bahum±nañca upaµµhapeti. Atha v± “s²h±nan”ti-±d²na½ pad±na½ sadisakappan±ya vin± mukhyavaseneva attho veditabbo. Tasm± da¼hatikkhabh±vena pasaµµh±tisayad±µhat±ya d±µh²na½ girigabbhare nadant±na½ s²hagajjita½ gajjant±na½ s²h±na½ migar±j³na½ viya tesa½ abh²tan±dasadis± g±th± suº±th±ti attho. Ida½ vutta½ hoti– “yath± s²han±da½ nadant±na½ s²h±na½ migar±j³na½ kutocipi bhay±bh±vato so abh²tan±do tadaññamigasant±sakaro, eva½ bh±vitatt±na½ appamatt±na½ ther±na½ s²han±dasadisiyo sabbaso bhayahet³na½ suppah²natt± abh²tan±dabh³t±, pamattajanasant±sakar± g±th± suº±th±”ti.

Bh±vitatt±nanti bh±vitacitt±na½. Cittañhi “att± hi kira duddamo (dha. pa. 159) yo ve µhitatto tasara½va ujj³”ti (su. ni. 217) ca “attasamm±paºidh²”ti (khu. p±. 5.4; su. ni. 263) ca evam±d²su att±ti vuccati, tasm± adhicitt±nuyogena samathavipassan±bhiva¹¹hitacitt±na½ samathavipassan±bh±van±matthaka½ p±petv± µhit±nanti attho. Atha v± bh±vitatt±nanti bh±vitasabh±v±na½, sabh±vabh³tas²l±dibh±vit±nanti attho. G²yat²ti g±th±, anuµµhubh±divasena is²hi pavattita½ catuppada½ chappada½ v± vacana½. Aññesampi ta½sadisat±ya tath± vuccanti. Attatth±dibhede atthe upanenti tesu v± upaniyyant²ti atth³pan±yik±.

Atha v± bh±vitatt±nanti bh±vitatt±bh±v±na½, attabh±vo hi ±hito aha½ m±no etth±ti “att±”ti vuccati, so ca tehi appam±dabh±van±ya anavajjabh±van±ya bh±vito sammadeva guºagandha½ g±h±pito. Tena tesa½ k±yabh±van± s²labh±van± cittabh±van± paññ±bh±van±ti catunnampi bh±van±na½ paripuººabh±va½ dasseti. “Bh±van±”ti ca sambodhipaµipad± idh±dhippet±. Y±ya½ saccasambodhi atthi, s± duvidh± abhisamayato tadatthato ca. Sambodhi pana tividh± samm±sambodhi paccekasambodhi s±vakasambodh²ti. Tattha samm± s±ma½ sabbadhamm±na½ bujjhanato bodhanato ca samm±sambodhi. Sabbaññutaññ±ºapadaµµh±na½ maggañ±ºa½ maggañ±ºapadaµµh±nañca sabbaññutaññ±ºa½ “samm±sambodh²”ti vuccati. Ten±ha–

“Buddhoti yo so bhagav± sayambh³ an±cariyako pubbe ananussutesu dhammesu s±ma½ sacc±ni abhisambujjhi, tattha ca sabbaññuta½ patto balesu ca vas²bh±van”ti (mah±ni. 192; c³¼ani. p±r±yanatthutig±th±niddesa 97; paµi. ma. 1.161).

Bodhaneyyabodhanattho hi balesu vas²bh±vo. Pacceka½ sayameva bodh²ti paccekasambodhi, ananubuddho sayambh³ñ±ºena sacc±bhisamayoti attho. Samm±sambuddh±nañhi sayambh³ñ±ºat±ya sayameva pavattam±nopi sacc±bhisamayo s±nubuddho aparim±º±na½ satt±na½ sacc±bhisamayassa hetubh±vato. Imesa½ pana so ekass±pi sattassa sacc±bhisamayahetu na hoti. Satthu dhammadesan±ya savanante j±t±ti s±vak±. S±vak±na½ sacc±bhisamayo s±vakasambodhi. Tividh±pes± tiººa½ bodhisatt±na½ yath±saka½ ±gaman²yapaµipad±ya matthakappattiy± satipaµµh±n±d²na½ sattati½s±ya bodhipakkhiyadhamm±na½ bh±van±p±rip³r²ti veditabb± itar±bhisamay±na½ tadavin±bh±vato. Na hi sacchikiriy±bhisamayena vin± bh±van±bhisamayo sambhavati, sati ca bh±van±bhisamaye pah±n±bhisamayo pariññ±bhisamayo ca siddhoyeva hot²ti.

Yad± hi mah±bodhisatto parip³ritabodhisambh±ro carimabhave katapubbakicco bodhimaº¹a½ ±ruyha– “na t±vima½ pallaªka½ bhindiss±mi, y±va na me anup±d±ya ±savehi citta½ vimuccissat²”ti paµiñña½ katv± apar±jitapallaªke nisinno asampatt±ya eva sañjh±vel±ya m±rabala½ vidhamitv± purimay±me pubbeniv±s±nussatiñ±ºena anek±k±ravok±re pubbe nivutthakkhandhe anussaritv± majjhimay±me dibbacakkhuvisodhanena cut³pap±tañ±ºa-an±gata½sañ±º±ni adhigantv± pacchimay±me “kiccha½ vat±ya½ loko ±panno j±yati ca j²yati ca m²yati ca cavati ca upapajjati ca, atha ca panimassa dukkhassa nissaraºa½ nappaj±n±ti jar±maraºass±”ti-±din± (d². ni. 2.57) jar±maraºato paµµh±ya paµiccasamupp±damukhena vipassana½ abhinivisitv± mah±gahana½ chinditu½ nisadasil±ya½ pharasu½ nisento viya kilesagahana½ chinditu½ lokan±tho ñ±ºapharasu½ tejento buddhabh±v±ya hetusampattiy± parip±ka½ gatatt± sabbaññutaññ±º±dhigam±ya vipassana½ gabbha½ gaºh±pento antarantar± n±n±sam±pattiyo sam±pajjitv± yath±vavatth±pite n±mar³pe tilakkhaºa½ ±ropetv± anupadadhammavipassan±vasena anek±k±ravok±rasaªkh±re sammasanto chatti½sakoµisatasahassamukhena sammasanav±ra½ vitth±retv± tattha mah±vajirañ±ºasaªkh±te vipassan±ñ±ºe tikkhe s³re pasanne vuµµh±nag±minibh±vena pavattam±ne yad± ta½ maggena ghaµeti, tad± maggapaµip±µiy± diya¹¹hakilesasahassa½ khepento aggamaggakkhaºe samm±sambodhi½ adhigacchati n±ma, aggaphalakkhaºato paµµh±ya adhigato n±ma. Samm±sambuddhabh±vato dasabalacatuves±rajj±dayopi tassa tad± hatthagat±yeva hont²ti aya½ t±va abhisamayato samm±sambodhipaµipad±. Tadatthato pana mah±bhin²h±rato paµµh±ya y±va tusitabhavane nibbatti, etthantare pavatta½ bodhisambh±rasambharaºa½. Tattha ya½ vattabba½, ta½ sabb±k±rasampanna½ cariy±piµakavaººan±ya½ vitth±rato vuttamev±ti tattha vuttanayeneva gahetabba½.

Paccekabodhisatt±pi paccekabodhiy± kat±bhin²h±r± anupubbena sambhatapaccekasambodhisambh±r± t±dise k±le carimattabh±ve µhit± ñ±ºassa parip±kagatabh±vena upaµµhita½ sa½veganimitta½ gahetv± savisesa½ bhav±d²su ±d²nava½ disv± sayambh³ñ±ºena pavatti pavattihetu½ nivatti nivattihetuñca paricchinditv± “so ‘ida½ dukkhan’ti yoniso manasi karot²”ti-±din± ±gatanayena catusaccakammaµµh±na½ paribr³hent± attano abhin²h±r±nur³pa½ saªkh±re parimaddant± anukkamena vipassana½ ussukk±petv± maggapaµip±µiy± aggamagga½ adhigacchant± paccekasambodhi½ abhisambujjhanti n±ma, aggaphalakkhaºato paµµh±ya paccekasambuddh± n±ma hutv± sadevakassa lokassa aggadakkhiºeyy± honti.