13. Samm±paribb±jan²yasutta-(mah±samayasutta)-vaººan±

362. Pucch±mi muni½ pah³tapaññanti samm±paribb±jan²yasutta½, “mah±samayasuttan”tipi vuccati mah±samayadivase kathitatt±. K± uppatti? Pucch±vasik± uppatti. Nimmitabuddhena hi puµµho bhagav± ima½ suttamabh±si, ta½ saddhi½ pucch±ya “samm±paribb±jan²yasuttan”ti vuccati. Ayamettha saªkhepo, vitth±rato pana s±kiyakoliy±na½ uppattito pabhuti por±ºehi vaºº²yati.

Tatr±ya½ uddesamaggavaººan±– paµhamakappik±na½ kira rañño mah±sammatassa rojo n±ma putto ahosi. Rojassa vararojo, vararojassa kaly±ºo, kaly±ºassa varakaly±ºo, varakaly±ºassa mandh±t±, mandh±tussa varamandh±t±, varamandh±tussa uposatho, uposathassa varo, varassa upavaro, upavarassa maghadevo, maghadevassa parampar± catur±s²ti khattiyasahass±ni ahesu½. Tesa½ parato tayo okk±kava½s± ahesu½. Tesu tatiya-okk±kassa pañca mahesiyo ahesu½– hatth±, citt±, jantu, j±lin², vis±kh±ti. Ekekiss± pañca pañca itthisat±ni pariv±r±. Sabbajeµµh±ya catt±ro putt±– okk±mukho, karakaº¹u, hatthiniko, sinipuroti; pañca dh²taro– piy±, suppiy±, ±nand±, vijit±, vijitasen±ti. Eva½ s± nava putte labhitv± k±lamak±si.

Atha r±j± añña½ dahara½ abhir³pa½ r±jadh²tara½ ±netv± aggamahesiµµh±ne µhapesi. S±pi jantu½ n±ma eka½ putta½ vij±yi. Ta½ jantukum±ra½ pañcamadivase alaªkaritv± rañño dassesi. R±j± tuµµho mahesiy± vara½ ad±si. S± ñ±takehi saddhi½ mantetv± puttassa rajja½ y±ci. R±j± “nassa vasali, mama putt±na½ antar±yamicchas²”ti n±d±si. S± punappuna½ raho r±j±na½ paritosetv± “na, mah±r±ja, mus±v±do vaµµat²”ti-±d²ni vatv± y±cati eva. Atha r±j± putte ±mantesi– “aha½, t±t±, tumh±ka½ kaniµµha½ jantukum±ra½ disv± tassa m±tuy± sahas± vara½ ad±si½. S± puttassa rajja½ pariº±metu½ icchati. Tumhe mamaccayena ±gantv± rajja½ k±reyy±th±”ti aµµhahi amaccehi saddhi½ uyyojesi. Te bhaginiyo ±d±ya caturaªginiy± sen±ya nagar± nikkhami½su. “Kum±r± pitu-accayena ±gantv± rajja½ k±ressanti, gacch±ma ne upaµµhah±m±”ti cintetv± bah³ manuss± anubandhi½su. Paµhamadivase yojanamatt± sen± ahosi, dutiyadivase dviyojanamatt±, tatiyadivase tiyojanamatt±. Kum±r± cintesu½– “mah± aya½ balak±yo, sace maya½ kañci s±mantar±j±na½ akkamitv± janapada½ gaºhiss±ma, sopi no na pahossati, ki½ paresa½ p²¼a½ katv± laddharajjena, mah± jambud²po, araññe nagara½ m±pess±m±”ti himavant±bhimukh± agami½su.

Tattha nagaram±panok±sa½ pariyesam±n± himavati kapilo n±ma ghoratapo t±paso paµivasati pokkharaºit²re mah±s±kasaº¹e, tassa vasanok±sa½ gat±. So te disv± pucchitv± sabba½ pavatti½ sutv± tesu anukampa½ ak±si. So kira bhummaj±la½ n±ma vijja½ j±n±ti, y±ya uddha½ as²tihatthe ±k±se ca heµµh± bh³miyañca guºadose passati. Athekasmi½ padese s³karamig± s²habyaggh±dayo t±setv± parip±tenti, maº¹³kam³sik± sappe bhi½s±penti. So te disv± “aya½ bh³mippadeso pathav²-aggan”ti tasmi½ padese assama½ m±pesi. Tato so r±jakum±re ±ha– “sace mama n±mena nagara½ karotha, demi vo ima½ ok±san”ti. Te tath± paµij±ni½su. T±paso “imasmi½ ok±se µhatv± caº¹±laputtopi cakkavatti½ balena atiset²”ti vatv± “assame rañño ghara½ m±petv± nagara½ m±peth±”ti ta½ ok±sa½ datv± saya½ avid³re pabbatap±de assama½ katv± vasi. Tato kum±r± tattha nagara½ m±petv± kapilassa vutthok±se katatt± “kapilavatth³”ti n±ma½ ±ropetv± tattha niv±sa½ kappesu½.

Atha amacc± “ime kum±r± vayappatt±, yadi nesa½ pit± santike bhaveyya, so ±v±haviv±ha½ k±reyya. Id±ni pana amh±ka½ bh±ro”ti cintetv± kum±rehi saddhi½ mantesu½. Kum±r± “amh±ka½ sadis± khattiyadh²taro na pass±ma, t±sampi bhagin²na½ sadise khattiyakum±re, j±tisambhedañca na karom±”ti. Te j±tisambhedabhayena jeµµhabhagini½ m±tuµµh±ne µhapetv± avases±hi sa½v±sa½ kappesu½. Tesa½ pit± ta½ pavatti½ sutv± “saky± vata, bho kum±r±, paramasaky± vata, bho kum±r±”ti ud±na½ ud±nesi. Aya½ t±va saky±na½ uppatti. Vuttampi ceta½ bhagavat±–

“Atha kho, ambaµµha, r±j± okk±ko amacce p±risajje ±mantesi– ‘kaha½ nu kho, bho, etarahi kum±r± sammant²’ti. Atthi, deva, himavantapasse pokkharaºiy± t²re mah±s±kasaº¹o, tatthetarahi kum±r± sammanti. Te j±tisambhedabhay± sak±hi bhagin²hi saddhi½ sa½v±sa½ kappent²ti. Atha kho, ambaµµha, r±j± okk±ko ud±na½ ud±nesi– ‘saky± vata, bho kum±r±, paramasaky± vata, bho kum±r±’ti, tadagge kho pana ambaµµha, saky± paññ±yanti, so ca saky±na½ pubbapuriso”ti (d². ni. 1.267).

Tato nesa½ jeµµhabhaginiy± kuµµharogo udap±di, kovi¼±rapupphasadis±ni gatt±ni ahesu½. R±jakum±r± “im±ya saddhi½ ekato nisajjaµµh±nabhojan±d²ni karont±nampi upari esa rogo saªkamat²”ti cintetv± uyy±nak²¼a½ gacchant± viya ta½ y±ne ±ropetv± arañña½ pavisitv± pokkharaºi½ khaº±petv± ta½ tattha kh±dan²yabhojan²yehi saddhi½ pakkhipitv± upari padara½ paµicch±d±petv± pa½su½ datv± pakkami½su. Tena ca samayena r±mo n±ma r±j± kuµµharog² orodhehi ca n±µakehi ca jigucchiyam±no tena sa½vegena jeµµhaputtassa rajja½ datv± arañña½ pavisitv± tattha paººam³laphal±ni paribhuñjanto nacirasseva arogo suvaººavaººo hutv±, ito cito ca vicaranto mahanta½ susirarukkha½ disv± tassabbhantare so¼asahatthappam±ºa½ ta½ kol±pa½ sodhetv±, dv±rañca v±tap±nañca katv± nisseºi½ bandhitv± tattha v±sa½ kappesi. So aªg±rakaµ±he aggi½ katv± ratti½ vissarañca sussarañca suºanto sayati. So “asukasmi½ padese s²ho saddamak±si, asukasmi½ byaggho”ti sallakkhetv± pabh±te tattha gantv± vigh±sama½sa½ ±d±ya pacitv± kh±dati.

Athekadivasa½ so pacc³sasamaye aggi½ j±letv± nis²di. Tena ca samayena tass± r±jadh²t±ya gandha½ gh±yitv± byaggho ta½ padesa½ khaºitv± padaratthare vivaramak±si. Tena vivarena s± byaggha½ disv± bh²t± vissaramak±si. So ta½ sadda½ sutv± “itthisaddo eso”ti ca sallakkhetv± p±tova tattha gantv± “ko etth±”ti ±ha. “M±tug±mo s±m²”ti. “Nikkham±”ti. “Na nikkham±m²”ti. “Ki½ k±raº±”ti? “Khattiyakaññ± ahan”ti. Eva½ sobbhe nikh±t±pi m±nameva karoti. So sabba½ pucchitv± “ahampi khattiyo”ti j±ti½ ±cikkhitv± “ehi d±ni kh²re pakkhittasappi viya j±tan”ti ±ha. S± “kuµµharogin²mhi s±mi, na sakk± nikkhamitun”ti ±ha. So “katakammo d±ni aha½ sakk± tikicchitun”ti nisseºi½ datv± ta½ uddharitv± attano vasanok±sa½ netv± saya½ paribhuttabhesajj±ni eva datv± nacirasseva aroga½ suvaººavaººamak±si. So t±ya saddhi½ sa½v±sa½ kappesi. S± paµhamasa½v±seneva gabbha½ gaºhitv± dve putte vij±yi, punapi dveti eva½ so¼asakkhattu½ vij±yi. Eva½ te dvatti½sa bh±taro ahesu½. Te anupubbena vu¹¹hippatte pit± sabbasipp±ni sikkh±pesi.

Athekadivasa½ eko r±marañño nagarav±s² pabbate ratan±ni gavesanto ta½ padesa½ ±gato r±j±na½ disv± aññ±si. “J±n±maha½, deva, tumhe”ti ±ha. “Kuto tva½ ±gatos²”ti ca tena puµµho “nagarato dev±”ti ±ha. Tato na½ r±j± sabba½ pavatti½ pucchi. Eva½ tesu samullapam±nesu te d±rak± ±gami½su. So te disv± “ime ke dev±”ti pucchi. “Putt± me bhaºe”ti. “Imehi d±ni, deva, dvatti½sakum±rehi parivuto vane ki½ karissasi, ehi rajjamanus±s±”ti? “Ala½, bhaºe, idheva sukhan”ti. So “laddha½ d±ni me kath±p±bhatan”ti nagara½ gantv± rañño puttass±rocesi. Rañño putto “pitara½ ±ness±m²”ti caturaªginiy± sen±ya tattha gantv± n±nappak±rehi pitara½ y±ci. Sopi “ala½, t±ta kum±ra, idheva sukhan”ti neva icchi. Tato r±japutto “na d±ni r±j± ±gantu½ icchati, handassa idheva nagara½ m±pem²”ti cintetv± ta½ kolarukkha½ uddharitv± ghara½ katv± nagara½ m±petv± kolarukkha½ apanetv± katatt± “kolanagaran”ti ca byagghapathe katatt± “byagghapajjan”ti c±ti dve n±m±ni ±ropetv± agam±si.

Tato vayappatte kum±re m±t± ±º±pesi– “t±t±, tumh±ka½ kapilavatthuv±sino saky± m±tul± honti, dh²taro nesa½ gaºhath±”ti. Te ya½ divasa½ khattiyakaññ±yo nad²k²¼ana½ gacchanti, ta½ divasa½ gantv± nad²tittha½ uparundhitv± n±m±ni s±vetv± patthit± patthit± r±jadh²taro gahetv± agama½su. Sakyar±j±no sutv± “hotu bhaºe, amh±ka½ ñ±tak± ev±”ti tuºh² ahesu½. Aya½ koliy±na½ uppatti.

Eva½ tesa½ s±kiyakoliy±na½ aññamañña½ ±v±haviv±ha½ karont±na½ ±gato va½so y±va s²hahanur±j±, t±va vitth±rato veditabbo– s²hahanurañño kira pañca putt± ahesu½ suddhodano, amitodano, dhotodano, sakkodano, sukkodanoti. Tesu suddhodane rajja½ k±rayam±ne tassa paj±patiy± añjanarañño dh²t±ya mah±m±y±deviy± kucchimhi p³ritap±ram² mah±puriso j±takanid±ne vuttanayena tusitapur± cavitv± paµisandhi½ gahetv± anupubbena katamah±bhinikkhamano samm±sambodhi½ abhisambujjhitv± pavattitavaradhammacakko anukkamena kapilavatthu½ gantv± suddhodanamah±r±j±dayo ariyaphale patiµµh±petv± janapadac±rika½ pakkamitv± punapi aparena samayena pacc±gantv± pannarasahi bhikkhusatehi saddhi½ kapilavatthusmi½ viharati nigrodh±r±me.

Tattha viharante ca bhagavati s±kiyakoliy±na½ udaka½ paµicca kalaho ahosi. Katha½? Nesa½ kira ubhinnampi kapilapurakoliyapur±na½ antare rohiº² n±ma nad² pavattati. S± kad±ci appodak± hoti, kad±ci mahodak±. Appodakak±le setu½ katv± s±kiy±pi koliy±pi attano attano sassap±yanattha½ udaka½ ±nenti. Tesa½ manuss± ekadivasa½ setu½ karont± aññamañña½ bhaº¹ant± “are tumh±ka½ r±jakula½ bhagin²hi saddhi½ sa½v±sa½ kappesi kukkuµasoºasiªg±l±ditiracch±n± viya, tumh±ka½ r±jakula½ susirarukkhe v±sa½ kappesi pis±cillik± viy±”ti eva½ j±tiv±dena khu½setv± attano attano r±j³na½ ±rocesu½. Te kuddh± yuddhasajj± hutv± rohiº²nad²t²ra½ sampatt±. Eva½ s±garasadisa½ bala½ aµµh±si.

Atha bhagav± “ñ±tak± kalaha½ karonti, handa, ne v±ress±m²”ti ±k±sen±gantv± dvinna½ sen±na½ majjhe aµµh±si. Tampi ±vajjetv± s±vatthito ±gatoti eke. Eva½ µhatv± ca pana attadaº¹asutta½ (su. ni. 941 ±dayo) abh±si. Ta½ sutv± sabbe sa½vegappatt± ±vudh±ni cha¹¹etv± bhagavanta½ namassam±n± aµµha½su, mahagghañca ±sana½ paññ±pesu½. Bhagav± oruyha paññatt±sane nis²ditv± “kuµh±r²hattho puriso”ti-±dika½ phandanaj±taka½ (j±. 1.13.14), “vand±mi ta½ kuñjar±”ti-±dika½ laµukikaj±taka½ (j±. 1.5.39).

“Sammodam±n± gacchanti, j±lam±d±ya pakkhino;
yad± te vivadissanti, tad± ehinti me vasan”ti. (J±. 1.1.33)–