11. R±hulasuttavaººan±
338. Kacci abhiºhasa½v±s±ti r±hulasutta½. K± uppatti? Bhagav± samm±sambodhi½ abhisambujjhitv± bodhimaº¹ato anupubbena kapilavatthu½ gantv± tattha r±hulakum±rena “d±yajja½ me samaºa deh²”ti d±yajja½ y±cito s±riputtatthera½ ±º±pesi– “r±hulakum±ra½ pabb±jeh²”ti. Ta½ sabba½ khandhakaµµhakath±ya½ (mah±va. aµµha. 105) vuttanayeneva gahetabba½. Eva½ pabbajita½ pana r±hulakum±ra½ vu¹¹hippatta½ s±riputtattherova upasamp±desi, mah±moggall±natthero assa kammav±c±cariyo ahosi. Ta½ bhagav± “aya½ kum±ro j±ti-±disampanno, so j±tigottakulavaººapokkharat±d²ni niss±ya m±na½ v± mada½ v± m± ak±s²”ti daharak±lato pabhuti y±va na ariyabh³mi½ p±puºi, t±va ovadanto abhiºha½ ima½ suttamabh±si. Tasm± ceta½ suttapariyos±nepi vutta½ “ittha½ suda½ bhagav± ±yasmanta½ r±hula½ im±hi g±th±hi abhiºha½ ovadat²”ti. Tattha paµhamag±th±ya½ aya½ saªkhepattho “kacci tva½, r±hula, abhiºha½ sa½v±sahetu j±ti-±d²na½ aññatarena vatthun± na paribhavasi paº¹ita½, ñ±ºapad²passa dhammadesan±pad²passa ca dh±raºato ukk±dh±ro manuss±na½ kacci apacito tay±, kacci nicca½ p³jito tay±”ti ±yasmanta½ s±riputta½ sandh±ya bhaºati. 339. Eva½ vutte ±yasm± r±hulo “n±ha½ bhagav± n²capuriso viya sa½v±sahetu m±na½ v± mada½ v± karom²”ti d²pento ima½ paµig±tham±ha “n±ha½ abhiºhasa½v±s±”ti. S± utt±natth± eva. 340. Tato na½ bhagav± uttari½ ovadanto pañca k±maguºeti-±dik± avasesag±th±yo ±ha. Tattha yasm± pañca k±maguº± satt±na½ piyar³p± piyaj±tik± ativiya sattehi icchit± patthit± mano ca nesa½ ramayanti, te c±yasm± r±hulo hitv± saddh±ya ghar± nikkhanto, na r±j±bhin²to, na cor±bhin²to, na iºaµµo, na bhayaµµo, na j²vik±pakato, tasm± na½ bhagav± “pañca k±maguºe hitv±, piyar³pe manorame, saddh±ya ghar± nikkhamm±”ti samuttejetv± imassa nekkhammassa patir³p±ya paµipattiy± niyojento ±ha– “dukkhassantakaro bhav±”ti. Tattha siy± “nanu c±yasm± d±yajja½ patthento balakk±rena pabb±jito, atha kasm± bhagav± ±ha– ‘saddh±ya ghar± nikkhamm±”’ti vuccate– nekkhamm±dhimuttatt±. Ayañhi ±yasm± d²gharatta½ nekkhamm±dhimutto padumuttarasamm±sambuddhassa putta½ uparevata½ n±ma s±maºera½ disv± saªkho n±ma n±gar±j± hutv± satta divase d±na½ datv± tath±bh±va½ patthetv± tato pabhuti patthan±sampanno abhin²h±rasampanno satasahassakappe p±ramiyo p³retv± antimabhava½ upapanno. Eva½ nekkhamm±dhimuttatañcassa bhagav± j±n±ti. Tath±gatabalaññatarañhi eta½ ñ±ºa½. Tasm± ±ha– “saddh±ya ghar± nikkhamm±”ti. Atha v± d²gharatta½ saddh±yeva ghar± nikkhamma id±ni dukkhassantakaro bhav±ti ayamettha adhipp±yo. 341. Id±nissa ±dito pabhuti vaµµadukkhassa antakiriy±ya paµipatti½ dassetu½ “mitte bhajassu kaly±ºe”ti-±dim±ha. Tattha s²l±d²hi adhik± kaly±ºamitt± n±ma, te bhajanto himavanta½ niss±ya mah±s±l± m³l±d²hi viya s²l±d²hi va¹¹hati. Ten±ha– “mitte bhajassu kaly±ºe”ti. Pantañca sayan±sana½, vivitta½ appanigghosanti yañca sayan±sana½ panta½ d³ra½ vivitta½ app±kiººa½ appanigghosa½, yattha migas³kar±disaddena araññasaññ± uppajjati, tath±r³pa½ sayan±sanañca bhajassu. Mattaññ³ hohi bhojaneti pam±ºaññ³ hohi, paµiggahaºamatta½ paribhogamattañca j±n±h²ti attho. Tattha paµiggahaºamattaññun± deyyadhammepi appe d±yakepi appa½ d±tuk±me appameva gahetabba½, deyyadhamme appe d±yake pana bahu½ d±tuk±mepi appameva gahetabba½, deyyadhamme pana bahutare d±yakepi appa½ d±tuk±me appameva gahetabba½, deyyadhammepi bahutare d±yakepi bahu½ d±tuk±me attano bala½ j±nitv± gahetabba½. Apica matt±yeva vaººit± bhagavat±ti paribhogamattaññun± puttama½sa½ viya akkhabbhañjanamiva ca yoniso manasi karitv± bhojana½ paribhuñjitabbanti. 342. Evamim±ya g±th±ya brahmacariyassa upak±rabh³t±ya kaly±ºamittasevan±ya niyojetv± sen±sanabhojanamukhena ca paccayaparibhogap±risuddhis²le sam±dapetv± id±ni yasm± c²var±d²su taºh±ya micch±-±j²vo hoti, tasm± ta½ paµisedhetv± ±j²vap±risuddhis²le sam±dapento “c²vare piº¹ap±te c±”ti ima½ g±tham±ha. Tattha paccayeti gil±nappaccaye. Etes³ti etesu cat³su c²var±d²su bhikkh³na½ taºhupp±davatth³su. Taºha½ m±k±s²ti “hirikop²napaµicch±dan±di-atthameva te catt±ro paccay± nicc±tur±na½ puris±na½ paµik±rabh³t± jajjaragharassevimassa atidubbalassa k±yassa upatthambhabh³t±”ti-±din± nayena ±d²nava½ passanto taºha½ m± janesi, ajanento anupp±dento vihar±h²ti vutta½ hoti. Ki½ k±raºa½? M± loka½ punar±gami. Etesu hi taºha½ karonto taºh±ya ±ka¹¹hiyam±no punapi ima½ loka½ ±gacchati. So tva½ etesu taºha½ m±k±si, eva½ sante na puna ima½ loka½ ±gamissas²ti. Eva½ vutte ±yasm± r±hulo “c²vare taºha½ m±k±s²ti ma½ bhagav± ±h±”ti c²varapaµisa½yutt±ni dve dhutaªg±ni sam±diyi pa½suk³likaªgañca, tec²varikaªgañca. “Piº¹ap±te taºha½ m±k±s²ti ma½ bhagav± ±h±”ti piº¹ap±tapaµisa½yutt±ni pañca dhutaªg±ni sam±diyi– piº¹ap±tikaªga½, sapad±nac±rikaªga½, ek±sanikaªga½, pattapiº¹ikaªga½, khalupacch±bhattikaªganti. “Sen±sane taºha½ m±k±s²ti ma½ bhagav± ±h±”ti sen±sanapaµisa½yutt±ni cha dhutaªg±ni sam±diyi– ±raññikaªga½, abbhok±sikaªga½, rukkham³likaªga½, yath±santhatikaªga½, sos±nikaªga½, nesajjikaªganti. “Gil±nappaccaye taºha½ m±k±s²ti ma½ bhagav± ±h±”ti sabbappaccayesu yath±l±bha½ yath±bala½ yath±s±ruppanti t²hi santosehi santuµµho ahosi, yath± ta½ subbaco kulaputto padakkhiºagg±h² anus±saninti. 343. Eva½ bhagav± ±yasmanta½ r±hula½ ±j²vap±risuddhis²le sam±dapetv± id±ni avasesas²le samathavipassan±su ca sam±dapetu½ “sa½vuto p±timokkhasmin”ti-±dim±ha. Tattha sa½vuto p±timokkhasminti ettha bhavass³ti p±µhaseso. Bhav±ti antimapadena v± sambandho veditabbo, tath± dutiyapade. Evametehi dv²hi vacanehi p±timokkhasa½varas²le, indriyasa½varas²le ca sam±dapesi. P±kaµavasena cettha pañcindriy±ni vutt±ni. Lakkhaºato pana chaµµhampi vutta½yeva hot²ti veditabba½. Sati k±yagat± tyatth³ti eva½ catup±risuddhis²le patiµµhitassa tuyha½ catudh±tuvavatth±nacatubbidhasampajaññ±n±p±nassati-±h±repaµik³lasaññ±bh±van±dibhed± k±yagat± sati atthu bhavatu, bh±vehi nanti attho. Nibbid±bahulo bhav±ti sa½s±ravaµµe ukkaºµhanabahulo sabbaloke anabhiratasaññ² hoh²ti attho. 344. Ett±vat± nibbedhabh±giya½ upac±rabh³mi½ dassetv± id±ni appan±bh³mi½ dassento “nimitta½ parivajjeh²”ti-±dim±ha. Tattha nimittanti r±gaµµh±niya½ subhanimitta½. Teneva na½ parato visesento ±ha– “subha½ r±g³pasañhitan”ti. Parivajjeh²ti amanasik±rena pariccaj±hi. Asubh±ya citta½ bh±veh²ti yath± saviññ±ºake aviññ±ºake v± k±ye asubhabh±van± sampajjati, eva½ citta½ bh±vehi. Ekagga½ susam±hitanti upac±rasam±dhin± ekagga½, appan±sam±dhin± susam±hita½. Yath± te ²disa½ citta½ hoti, tath± na½ bh±veh²ti attho. 345. Evamassa appan±bh³mi½ dassetv± vipassana½ dassento “animittan”ti-±dim±ha. Tattha animittañca bh±veh²ti eva½ nibbedhabh±giyena sam±dhin± sam±hitacitto vipassana½ bh±veh²ti vutta½ hoti. Vipassan± hi “anicc±nupassan±ñ±ºa½ niccanimittato vimuccat²ti animitto vimokkho”ti-±din± nayena r±ganimitt±d²na½ v± aggahaºena animittavoh±ra½ labhati. Yath±ha–
“So khv±ha½, ±vuso, sabbanimitt±na½ amanasik±r± animitta½ cetosam±dhi½ upasampajja vihar±mi. Tassa mayha½, ±vuso, imin± vih±rena viharato nimitt±nus±ri viññ±ºa½ hot²”ti (sa½. ni. 4.340).
M±n±nusayamujjah±ti im±ya animittabh±van±ya aniccasañña½ paµilabhitv± “aniccasaññino, meghiya, anattasaññ± saºµh±ti, anattasaññ² asmim±nasamuggh±ta½ p±puº±t²”ti evam±din± (a. ni. 9.3; ud±. 31) anukkamena m±n±nusaya½ ujjaha pajaha pariccaj±h²ti attho. Tato m±n±bhisamay±, upasanto carissas²ti atheva½ ariyamaggena m±nassa abhisamay± khay± vay± pah±n± paµinissagg± upasanto nibbuto s²tibh³to sabbadarathapari¼±havirahito y±va anup±dises±ya nibb±nadh±tuy± parinibb±si, t±va suññat±nimitt±ppaºihit±na½ aññataraññatarena phalasam±pattivih±rena carissasi viharissas²ti arahattanik³µena desana½ niµµh±pesi. Tato para½ “ittha½ suda½ bhagav±”ti-±di saªg²tik±rak±na½ vacana½. Tattha ittha½ sudanti ittha½ su ida½, evamev±ti vutta½ hoti. Sesamettha utt±natthameva. Eva½ ovadiyam±no c±yasm± r±hulo parip±kagatesu vimuttiparip±caniyesu dhammesu c³¼ar±hulov±dasuttapariyos±ne anekehi devat±sahassehi saddhi½ arahatte patiµµh±s²ti.
Paramatthajotik±ya khuddaka-aµµhakath±ya
Suttanip±ta-aµµhakath±ya r±hulasuttavaººan± niµµhit±.