8. Dhammasutta-(n±v±sutta)-vaººan±
319. Yasm± hi dhammanti dhammasutta½, “n±v±suttan”tipi vuccati. K± uppatti? Ida½ sutta½ ±yasmanta½ s±riputtatthera½ ±rabbha vutta½. Ayamettha saªkhepo, vitth±ro pana dvinna½ aggas±vak±na½ uppattito pabhuti veditabbo. Seyyathida½– anuppanne kira bhagavati dve aggas±vak± eka½ asaªkhyeyya½ kappasatasahassañca p±ramiyo p³retv± devaloke nibbatt±. Tesa½ paµhamo cavitv± r±jagahassa avid³re upatissag±mo n±ma br±hmaº±na½ bhogag±mo atthi, tattha saµµhi-adhikapañcakoµisatadhanavibhavassa g±mas±mino br±hmaºassa r³pas±r² n±ma br±hmaº², tass± kucchiya½ paµisandhi½ aggahesi. Dutiyo tassev±vid³re kolitag±mo n±ma br±hmaº±na½ bhogag±mo atthi. Tattha tath±r³pavibhavasseva g±mas±mino br±hmaºassa moggall±n² n±ma br±hmaº², tass± kucchiya½ ta½ divasameva paµisandhi½ aggahesi. Eva½ tesa½ ekadivasameva paµisandhiggahaºañca gabbhavuµµh±nañca ahosi. Ekadivaseyeva ca nesa½ ekassa upatissag±me j±tatt± upatisso, ekassa kolitag±me j±tatt± kolitoti n±mamaka½su. Te sahapa½su½ k²¼ant± sah±yak± anupubbena vu¹¹hi½ p±puºi½su, ekamekassa ca pañcapañcam±ºavakasat±ni pariv±r± ahesu½. Te uyy±na½ v± nad²tittha½ v± gacchant± sapariv±r±yeva gacchanti. Eko pañcahi suvaººasivik±satehi, dutiyo pañcahi ±jaññarathasatehi. Tad± ca r±jagahe k±l±nuk±la½ giraggasamajjo n±ma hoti. S±yanhasamaye nagaravemajjhe yattha sakala-aªgamagadhav±sino abhiññ±t± khattiyakum±r±dayo sannipatitv± supaññattesu mañcap²µh±d²su nisinn± samajjavibh³ti½ passanti. Atha te sah±yak± tena pariv±rena saddhi½ tattha gantv± paññatt±sanesu nis²di½su. Tato upatisso samajjavibh³ti½ passanto mah±janak±ya½ sannipatita½ disv± “ettako janak±yo vassasata½ appatv±va marissat²”ti cintesi. Tassa maraºa½ ±gantv± nal±µante patiµµhita½ viya ahosi, tath± kolitassa. Tesa½ anekappak±resu naµesu naccantesu dassanamattepi citta½ na nami, aññadatthu sa½vegoyeva udap±di. Atha vuµµhite samajje pakkant±ya paris±ya sakapariv±rena pakkantesu tesu sah±yesu kolito upatissa½ pucchi– “ki½, samma, n±µak±didassanena tava pamodanamattampi n±hos²”ti? So tassa ta½ pavatti½ ±rocetv± tampi tatheva paµipucchi. Sopi tassa attano pavatti½ ±rocetv± “ehi, samma, pabbajitv± amata½ gaves±m±”ti ±ha. “S±dhu samm±”ti upatisso ta½ sampaµicchi. Tato dvepi jan± ta½ sampatti½ cha¹¹etv± punadeva r±jagahamanuppatt±. Tena ca samayena r±jagahe sañcayo n±ma paribb±jako paµivasati. Te tassa santike pañcahi m±ºavakasatehi saddhi½ pabbajitv± katip±heneva tayo vede sabbañca paribb±jakasamaya½ uggahesu½. Te tesa½ satth±na½ ±dimajjhapariyos±na½ upaparikkhant± pariyos±na½ adisv± ±cariya½ pucchi½su– “imesa½ satth±na½ ±dimajjha½ dissati, pariyos±na½ pana na dissati ‘ida½ n±ma imehi satthehi p±puºeyy±ti, yato uttari p±puºitabba½ natth²”’ti. Sopi ±ha– “ahampi tesa½ tath±vidha½ pariyos±na½ na pass±m²”ti. Te ±ha½su– “tena hi maya½ imesa½ pariyos±na½ gaves±m±”ti. Te ±cariyo “yath±sukha½ gavesath±”ti ±ha. Eva½ te tena anuññ±t± amata½ gavesam±n± ±hiº¹ant± jambud²pe p±kaµ± ahesu½. Tehi khattiyapaº¹it±dayo pañha½ puµµh± uttaruttari½ na samp±yanti. “Upatisso kolito”ti vutte pana “ke ete, na kho maya½ j±n±m±”ti bhaºant± natthi, eva½ vissut± ahesu½. Eva½ tesu amatapariyesana½ caram±nesu amh±ka½ bhagav± loke uppajjitv± pavattitavaradhammacakko anupubbena r±jagahamanuppatto. Te ca paribb±jak± sakalajambud²pa½ caritv± tiµµhatu amata½, antamaso pariyos±napañhavissajjanamattampi alabhant± punadeva r±jagaha½ agama½su. Atha kho ±yasm± assaji pubbaºhasamaya½ niv±setv±ti y±va tesa½ pabbajj±, t±va sabba½ pabbajj±kkhandhake (mah±va. 60) ±gatanayeneva vitth±rato daµµhabba½. Eva½ pabbajitesu tesu dv²su sah±yakesu ±yasm± s±riputto a¹¹ham±sena s±vakap±ram²ñ±ºa½ sacch±k±si. So yad± assajittherena saddhi½ ekavih±re vasati, tad± bhagavato upaµµh±na½ gantv± anantara½ therassa upaµµh±na½ gacchati “pubb±cariyo me ayam±yasm±, etamaha½ niss±ya bhagavato s±sana½ aññ±sin”ti g±ravena. Yad± pana assajittherena saddhi½ ekavih±re na vasati, tad± yassa½ dis±ya½ thero vasati, ta½ disa½ oloketv± pañcapatiµµhitena vanditv± añjali½ paggayha namassati. Ta½ disv± keci bhikkh³ katha½ samuµµh±pesu½– “s±riputto aggas±vako hutv± disa½ namassati, ajj±pi maññe br±hmaºadiµµhi appah²n±”ti. Atha bhagav± dibb±ya sotadh±tuy± ta½ kath±sall±pa½ sutv± paññattavarabuddh±sane nisinna½yeva att±na½ dassento bhikkh³ ±mantesi– “k±ya nuttha, bhikkhave, etarahi kath±ya sannisinn±”ti Te ta½ pavatti½ ±cikkhi½su. Tato bhagav± “na, bhikkhave, s±riputto disa½ namassati, ya½ niss±ya s±sana½ aññ±si, ta½ attano ±cariya½ vandati namassati samm±neti, ±cariyap³jako, bhikkhave, s±riputto”ti vatv± tattha sannipatit±na½ dhammadesanattha½ ima½ suttamabh±si. Tattha yasm± hi dhamma½ puriso vijaññ±ti yato puggal± piµakattayappabheda½ pariyattidhamma½ v±, pariyatti½ sutv± adhigantabba½ navalokuttarappabheda½ paµivedhadhamma½ v± puriso vijaññ± j±neyya vedeyya. “Yass±”tipi p±µho, so evattho. Inda½va na½ devat± p³jayeyy±ti yath± sakka½ dev±naminda½ dv²su devalokesu devat± p³jenti, eva½ so puggalo ta½ puggala½ k±lasseva vuµµh±ya up±hana-omuñcan±di½ sabba½ vattapaµivatta½ karonto p³jeyya sakkareyya garukareyya. Ki½ k±raºa½? So p³jito…pe… p±tukaroti dhamma½, so ±cariyo eva½ p³jito tasmi½ antev±simhi pasannacitto pariyattipaµivedhavasena bahussuto desan±vaseneva pariyattidhammañca, desana½ sutv± yath±nusiµµha½ paµipattiy± adhigantabba½ paµivedhadhammañca p±tukaroti deseti, desan±ya v± pariyattidhamma½, upam±vasena attan± adhigatapaµivedhadhamma½ p±tukaroti. 320. Tadaµµhikatv±na nisamma dh²roti eva½ pasannena ±cariyena p±tukata½ dhamma½ aµµhikatv±na suºitv± upadh±raºasamatthat±ya dh²ro puriso. Dhamm±nudhamma½ paµipajjam±noti lokuttaradhammassa anulomatt± anudhammabh³ta½ vipassana½ bh±vayam±no. Viññ³ vibh±v² nipuºo ca hot²ti viññut±saªkh±t±ya paññ±ya adhigamena viññ³, vibh±vetv± paresampi p±kaµa½ katv± ñ±panasamatthat±ya vibh±v², paramasukhumatthapaµivedhat±ya nipuºo ca hoti. Yo t±disa½ bhajati appamattoti yo t±disa½ pubbe vuttappak±ra½ bahussuta½ appamatto tappas±danaparo hutv± bhajati. 321. Eva½ paº¹it±cariyasevana½ pasa½sitv± id±ni b±l±cariyasevana½ nindanto “khuddañca b±lan”ti ima½ g±tham±ha. Tattha khuddanti khuddena k±yakamm±din± samann±gata½, paññ±bh±vato b±la½. An±gatatthanti anadhigatapariyattipaµivedhattha½. Us³yakanti iss±manakat±ya antev±sikassa vu¹¹hi½ asaham±na½. Sesamettha p±kaµameva padato. Adhipp±yato pana yo bahuc²var±dil±bh² ±cariyo antev±sik±na½ c²var±d²ni na sakkoti d±tu½, dhammad±ne pana aniccadukkh±nattavacanamattampi na sakkoti. Etehi khuddat±didhammehi samann±gatatt± ta½ khudda½ b±la½ an±gatattha½ us³yaka½ ±cariya½ upasevam±no “p³timaccha½ kusaggen±”ti (itivu. 76; j±. 1.15.183) vuttanayena sayampi b±lo hoti. Tasm± idha s±sane kiñci appamattakampi pariyattidhamma½ paµivedhadhamma½ v± avibh±vayitv± ca avij±nitv± ca yassa dhammesu kaªkh±, ta½ ataritv± maraºa½ upet²ti evamassa attho veditabbo. 322-3. Id±ni tassevatthassa p±kaµakaraºattha½ “yath± naro”ti g±th±dvayam±ha. Tattha ±paganti nadi½. Mahodakanti bahu-udaka½. Salilanti ito cito ca gata½, vitthiººanti vutta½ hoti. “Saritan”tipi p±µho, so evattho. S²ghasotanti h±rah±rika½, vegavatinti vutta½ hoti. Ki½ soti ettha “so vuyham±no”ti imin± ca sok±rena tassa narassa niddiµµhatt± nip±tamatto sok±ro. Ki½ s³ti vutta½ hoti yath± “na bhaviss±mi n±ma so, vinassiss±mi n±ma so”ti. Dhammanti pubbe vutta½ duvidhameva. Anis±mayatthanti anis±metv± attha½. Sesamettha p±kaµameva padato. Adhipp±yato pana yath± yo kocideva naro vuttappak±ra½ nadi½ otaritv± t±ya nadiy± vuyham±no anusotag±m² sotameva anugacchanto pare p±ratthike ki½ sakkhati p±ra½ netu½. “Sakkat²”tipi p±µho. Tatheva duvidhampi dhamma½ attano paññ±ya avibh±vayitv± bahussut±nañca santike attha½ anis±metv± saya½ avibh±vitatt± aj±nanto anis±mitatt± ca avitiººakaªkho pare ki½ sakkhati nijjh±petu½ pekkh±petunti evamettha attho daµµhabbo. “So vata, cunda, attan± palipapalipanno”ti-±dikañcettha (ma. ni. 1.87) suttapada½ anussaritabba½. 324-5. Eva½ b±lasevan±ya b±lassa para½ nijjh±petu½ asamatthat±ya p±kaµakaraºattha½ upama½ vatv± id±ni “yo t±disa½ bhajati appamatto”ti ettha vuttassa paº¹itassa pare nijjh±petu½ samatthat±ya p±kaµakaraºattha½ “yath±pi n±van”ti g±th±dvayam±ha. Tattha phiyen±ti dabbipadarena. Ritten±ti ve¼udaº¹ena. Tatth±ti tassa½ n±v±ya½. Tatr³payaññ³ti tass± n±v±ya ±haraºapaµiharaº±di-up±yaj±nanena maggapaµip±danena up±yaññ³. Sikkhitasikkhat±ya sukusalahatthat±ya ca kusalo. Uppannupaddavapaµik±rasamatthat±ya mut²m±. Vedag³ti vedasaªkh±tehi cat³hi maggañ±ºehi gato. Bh±vitattoti t±yeva maggabh±van±ya bh±vitacitto. Bahussutoti pubbe vuttanayeneva. Avedhadhammoti aµµhahi lokadhammehi akampaniyasabh±vo. Sot±vadh±n³panis³papanneti sota-odahanena ca maggaphal±na½ upanissayena ca upapanne. Sesa½ utt±napadatthameva. Adhipp±yayojan±pi sakk± purimanayeneva j±nitunti na vitth±rit±. 326. Eva½ paº¹itassa pare nijjh±petu½ samatthabh±vap±kaµakaraºattha½ upama½ vatv± tass± paº¹itasevan±ya niyojento “tasm± have”ti ima½ avas±nag±tham±ha. Tatr±ya½ saªkhepattho– yasm± upanissayasampann± paº¹itasevanena visesa½ p±puºanti, tasm± have sappurisa½ bhajetha. K²disa½ sappurisa½ bhajetha? Medh±vinañceva bahussutañca, paññ±sampattiy± ca medh±vina½ vuttappak±rasutadvayena ca bahussuta½. T±disañhi bhajam±no tena bh±sitassa dhammassa aññ±ya attha½ eva½ ñatv± ca yath±nusiµµha½ paµipajjam±no t±ya paµipattiy± paµivedhavasena viññ±tadhammo so maggaphalanibb±nappabheda½ lokuttarasukha½ labhetha adhigaccheyya p±puºeyy±ti arahattanik³µena desana½ sam±pes²ti.
Paramatthajotik±ya khuddaka-aµµhakath±ya
Suttanip±ta-aµµhakath±ya dhammasuttavaººan± niµµhit±.