Aparo nayo– d±na½ n±ma duvidha½ ±misad±nañca, dhammad±nañca. Tattha ±misad±na½ vuttappak±rameva. Idhalokaparalokadukkhakkhayasukh±vahassa pana samm±sambuddhappaveditassa dhammassa paresa½ hitak±mat±ya desan± dhammad±na½. Imesañca dvinna½ d±n±na½ etadeva agga½. Yath±ha–
“Sabbad±na½ dhammad±na½ jin±ti,
sabbarasa½ dhammaraso jin±ti;
sabbarati½ dhammarat² jin±ti,
taºhakkhayo sabbadukkha½ jin±t²”ti. (Dha. pa. 354).
Tattha ±misad±nassa maªgalatta½ vuttameva. Dhammad±na½ pana yasm± atthapaµisa½vedit±d²na½ guº±na½ padaµµh±na½, tasm± “maªgalan”ti vuccati. Vuttañheta½ bhagavat±–
“Yath± yath±, bhikkhave, bhikkhu yath±suta½ yath±pariyatta½ dhamma½ vitth±rena paresa½ deseti, tath± tath± so tasmi½ dhamme atthapaµisa½ved² ca hoti dhammapaµisa½ved² c±”ti evam±di (d². ni. 3.355; a. ni. 5.26).
Dhammacariy± n±ma dasakusalakammapathacariy±. Yath±ha– “tividha½ kho, gahapatayo, k±yena dhammacariy±samacariy± hot²”ti evam±di. S± panes± dhammacariy± saggalok³papattihetuto “maªgalan”ti veditabb±. Vuttañheta½ bhagavat±– “dhammacariy±samacariy±hetu kho, gahapatayo, evamidhekacce satt± k±yassa bhed± para½ maraº± sugati½ sagga½ loka½ upapajjant²”ti (ma. ni. 1.441).
ѱtak± n±ma m±tito v± pitito v± y±va sattam± pit±mahayug± sambandh±. Tesa½ bhogap±rijuññena v± by±dhip±rijuññena v± abhihat±na½ attano sam²pa½ ±gat±na½ yath±bala½ gh±sacch±danadhanadhaññ±d²hi saªgaho pasa½s±d²na½ diµµhadhammik±na½ sugatigaman±d²nañca sampar±yik±na½ vises±dhigam±na½ hetuto “maªgalan”ti vuccati.
Anavajj±ni kamm±ni n±ma uposathaªgasam±d±naveyy±vaccakaraºa-±r±mavanaropanasetukaraº±d²ni k±yavac²manosucaritakamm±ni. T±ni hi n±nappak±rahitasukh±dhigamahetuto “maªgalan”ti vuccati. “Ýh±na½ kho paneta½, vis±khe, vijjati ya½ idhekacco itth² v± puriso v± aµµhaªgasamann±gata½ uposatha½ upavasitv± k±yassa bhed± para½ maraº± c±tumah±r±jik±na½ dev±na½ sahabyata½ upapajjeyy±”ti evam±d²ni cettha sutt±ni (a. ni. 8.43) anussaritabb±ni.
Eva½ imiss± g±th±ya d±na½, dhammacariy±, ñ±tak±na½ saªgaho, anavajj±ni kamm±n²ti catt±ri maªgal±ni vutt±ni, maªgalattañca nesa½ tattha tattha vibh±vitamev±ti.
Niµµhit± d±nañc±ti imiss± g±th±ya atthavaººan±.
267. Id±ni ±rat² virat²ti ettha ±rat²ti ±ramaºa½. Virat²ti viramaºa½, viramanti v± et±ya satt±ti virati. P±p±ti akusal±. Madan²yaµµhena majja½, majjassa p±na½ majjap±na½, tato majjap±n±. Sa½yamana½ sa½yamo. Appamajjana½ appam±do. Dhammes³ti kusalesu. Sesa½ vuttanayamev±ti aya½ padavaººan±.
Atthavaººan± pana eva½ veditabb±– ±rati n±ma p±pe ±d²navadass±vino manas± eva anabhirati. Virati n±ma kammadv±ravasena k±yav±c±hi viramaºa½. S± ces± virati n±ma sampattavirati sam±d±navirati samucchedavirat²ti tividh± hoti. Tattha y± kulaputtassa attano j±ti½ v± kula½ v± gotta½ v± paµicca “na me eta½ patir³pa½, yv±ha½ ima½ p±ºa½ haneyya½, adinna½ ±diyeyyan”ti-±din± nayena sampattavatthuto virati, aya½ sampattavirati n±ma. Sikkh±padasam±d±navasena pana pavatt± sam±d±navirati n±ma, yass± pavattito pabhuti kulaputto p±º±tip±t±d²ni na sam±carati. Ariyamaggasampayutt± samucchedavirati n±ma, yass± pavattito pabhuti ariyas±vakassa pañca bhay±ni ver±ni v³pasant±ni honti. P±pa½ n±ma ya½ ta½ “p±º±tip±to kho, gahapatiputta, kammakileso adinn±d±na½…pe… k±mesumicch±c±ro…pe… mus±v±do”ti eva½ vitth±retv±–
“P±º±tip±to adinn±d±na½, mus±v±do ca vuccati;
parad±ragamanañceva, nappasa½santi paº¹it±”ti. (D². ni. 3.245)–

Eva½ g±th±ya saªgahita½ kammakilesasaªkh±ta½ catubbidha½ akusala½, tato p±p±. Sabb±pes± ±rati ca virati ca diµµhadhammikasampar±yikabhayaverappah±n±din±nappak±ravises±dhigamahetuto “maªgalan”ti vuccati. “P±º±tip±t± paµivirato kho, gahapatiputta, ariyas±vako”ti-±d²ni cettha sutt±ni anussaritabb±ni.

Majjap±n± ca sa½yamo n±ma pubbe vuttasur±merayamajjapam±daµµh±n± veramaºiy±veta½ adhivacana½. Yasm± pana majjap±y² attha½ na j±n±ti, dhamma½ na j±n±ti, m±tupi antar±ya½ karoti, pitu buddhapaccekabuddhatath±gatas±vak±nampi antar±ya½ karoti, diµµheva dhamme garaha½, sampar±ye duggati½, apar±pariy±ye umm±dañca p±puº±ti. Majjap±n± pana sa½yato tesa½ dos±na½ v³pasama½ tabbipar²taguºasampadañca p±puº±ti. Tasm± aya½ majjap±n± sa½yamo “maªgalan”ti veditabbo.
Kusalesu dhammesu appam±do n±ma “kusal±na½ v± dhamm±na½ bh±van±ya asakkaccakiriyat± as±taccakiriyat± anaµµhitakiriyat± ol²navuttit± nikkhittachandat± nikkhittadhurat± an±sevan± abh±van± abahul²kamma½ anadhiµµh±na½ ananuyogo pam±do. Yo evar³po pam±do pamajjan± pamajjitatta½, aya½ vuccati pam±do”ti (vibha. 846) ettha vuttassa pam±dassa paµipakkhanayena atthato kusalesu dhammesu satiy± avippav±so veditabbo. So n±nappak±rakusal±dhigamahetuto amat±dhigamahetuto ca “maªgalan”ti vuccati. Tattha “appamattassa ±t±pino”ti (ma. ni. 2.18-19; a. ni. 5.26) ca “appam±do amatapadan”ti (dha. pa. 21) ca evam±di satthus±sana½ anussaritabba½.
Eva½ imiss± g±th±ya p±p± virati, majjap±n± sa½yamo, kusalesu dhammesu appam±doti t²ºi maªgal±ni vutt±ni, maªgalattañca nesa½ tattha tattha vibh±vitamev±ti.
Niµµhit± ±rat² virat²ti imiss± g±th±ya atthavaººan±.
268. Id±ni g±ravo c±ti ettha g±ravoti garubh±vo. Niv±toti n²cavuttit±. Santuµµh²ti santoso. Katassa j±nanat± kataññut±. K±len±ti khaºena samayena. Dhammassa savana½ dhammassavana½. Sesa½ vuttanayamev±ti aya½ padavaººan±.
Atthavaººan± pana eva½ veditabb±– g±ravo n±ma garuk±rapayog±rahesu buddhapaccekabuddhatath±gatas±vaka-±cariyupajjh±yam±t±pitujeµµhabh±tikabhagini-±d²su yath±nur³pa½ garuk±ro garukaraºa½ sag±ravat±. Sv±ya½ g±ravo yasm± sugatigaman±d²na½ hetu. Yath±ha–
“Garuk±tabba½ garu½ karoti, m±netabba½ m±neti, p³jetabba½ p³jeti. So tena kammena eva½ samattena eva½ sam±dinnena k±yassa bhed± para½ maraº± sugati½ sagga½ loka½ upapajjati. No ce k±yassa bhed±…pe… upapajjati, sace manussatta½ ±gacchati, yattha yattha pacc±j±yati, ucc±kul²no hot²”ti (ma. ni. 3.295).
Yath± c±ha– “sattime, bhikkhave, aparih±niy± dhamm±. Katame satta? Satthug±ravat±”ti-±di (a. ni. 7.32-33). Tasm± “maªgalan”ti vuccati.
Niv±to n±ma n²camanat± niv±tavuttit±, y±ya samann±gato puggalo nihatam±no nihatadappo p±dapuñchanaco¼akasamo chinnavis±ºusabhasamo uddhaµad±µhasappasamo ca hutv± saºho sakhilo sukhasambh±so hoti, aya½ niv±to. Sv±ya½ yas±diguºapaµil±bhahetuto “maªgalan”ti vuccati. ¾ha ca– “niv±tavutti atthaddho, t±diso labhate yasan”ti evam±di (d². ni. 3.273).
Santuµµhi n±ma itar²tarapaccayasantoso, so dv±dasavidho hoti. Seyyathida½– c²vare yath±l±bhasantoso, yath±balasantoso, yath±s±ruppasantosoti tividho. Eva½ piº¹ap±t±d²su.
Tass±ya½ pabhedavaººan±– idha bhikkhu c²vara½ labhati sundara½ v± asundara½ v±, so teneva y±peti, añña½ na pattheti, labhantopi na gaºh±ti, ayamassa c²vare yath±l±bhasantoso. Atha pana ±b±dhiko hoti, garu½ c²vara½ p±rupanto oºamati v± kilamati v±. So sabh±gena bhikkhun± saddhi½ ta½ parivattetv± lahukena y±pentopi santuµµhova hoti, ayamassa c²vare yath±balasantoso. Aparo bhikkhu paº²tapaccayal±bh² hoti, so paµµac²var±d²na½ aññatara½ mahaggha½ c²vara½ labhitv± “ida½ ther±na½ cirapabbajit±na½ bahussut±nañca anur³pan”ti tesa½ datv± attan± saªk±rak³µ± v± aññato v± kutoci nantak±ni uccinitv± saªgh±µi½ katv± dh±rentopi santuµµhova hoti, ayamassa c²vare yath±s±ruppasantoso.
Idha pana bhikkhu piº¹ap±ta½ labhati l³kha½ v± paº²ta½ v±, so teneva y±peti, añña½ na pattheti, labhantopi na gaºh±ti, ayamassa piº¹ap±te yath±l±bhasantoso. Atha pana ±b±dhiko hoti, l³kha½ piº¹ap±ta½ bhuñjitv± b±¼ha½ rog±taªka½ p±puº±ti, so sabh±gassa bhikkhuno ta½ datv± tassa hatthato sappimadhukh²r±d²ni bhuñjitv± samaºadhamma½ karontopi santuµµhova hoti, ayamassa piº¹ap±te yath±balasantoso. Aparo bhikkhu paº²ta½ piº¹ap±ta½ labhati, so “aya½ piº¹ap±to ther±na½ cirapabbajit±na½ aññesañca paº²tapiº¹ap±ta½ vin± ay±pent±na½ sabrahmac±r²na½ anur³po”ti tesa½ datv± attan± piº¹±ya caritv± missak±h±ra½ bhuñjantopi santuµµhova hoti, ayamassa piº¹ap±te yath±s±ruppasantoso.
Idha pana bhikkhuno sen±sana½ p±puº±ti, so teneva santussati, puna añña½ sundaratarampi p±puºanta½ na gaºh±ti, ayamassa sen±sane yath±l±bhasantoso. Atha pana ±b±dhiko hoti, niv±tasen±sane vasanto ativiya pittarog±d²hi ±tur²yati, so sabh±gassa bhikkhuno ta½ datv± tassa p±puºanake sav±tas²talasen±sane vasitv± samaºadhamma½ karontopi santuµµhova hoti, ayamassa sen±sane yath±balasantoso. Aparo bhikkhu sundara½ sen±sana½ pattampi na sampaµicchati “sundarasen±sana½ pam±daµµh±na½, tatra nisinnassa thinamiddha½ okkamati, nidd±bhibh³tassa ca puna paµibujjhato k±mavitakk± samud±carant²”ti, so ta½ paµikkhipitv± abbhok±sarukkham³lapaººakuµ²su yattha katthaci nivasantopi santuµµhova hoti, ayamassa sen±sane yath±s±ruppasantoso.
Idha pana bhikkhu bhesajja½ labhati har²taka½ v± ±malaka½ v±, so teneva y±peti, aññehi laddha½ sappimadhuph±ºit±dimpi na pattheti, labhantopi na gaºh±ti, ayamassa gil±napaccaye yath±l±bhasantoso. Atha pana ±b±dhiko telena atthiko ph±ºita½ labhati, so ta½ sabh±gassa bhikkhuno datv± tassa hatthato telena bhesajja½ katv± samaºadhamma½ karontopi santuµµhova hoti, ayamassa gil±napaccaye yath±balasantoso. Aparo bhikkhu ekasmi½ bh±jane p³timuttahar²taka½ µhapetv± ekasmi½ catumadhura½ “gaºhatha, bhante, yadicchas²”ti vuccam±no sacassa tesa½ dvinna½ aññatarenapi by±dhi v³pasammati, atha “p³timuttahar²taka½ n±ma buddh±d²hi vaººita½, ayañca p³timuttabhesajja½ niss±ya pabbajj±, tattha te y±vaj²va½ uss±ho karaº²yo”ti (mah±va. 128) vuttanti cintento catumadhurabhesajja½ paµikkhipitv± muttahar²takena bhesajja½ karontopi paramasantuµµhova hoti, ayamassa gil±napaccaye yath±s±ruppasantoso.
Eva½ pabhedo sabbopeso santoso santuµµh²ti vuccati. S± atricchat±p±picchat±mahicchat±d²na½ p±padhamm±na½ pah±n±dhigamahetuto sugatihetuto ariyamaggasambh±rabh±vato c±tuddis±dibh±vahetuto ca “maªgalan”ti veditabb±. ¾ha ca–