Attasamm±paºidhi n±ma idhekacco att±na½ duss²la½ s²le patiµµh±peti, assaddha½ saddh±sampad±ya patiµµh±peti, macchari½ c±gasampad±ya patiµµh±peti. Aya½ vuccati “attasamm±paºidh²”ti. Eso ca maªgala½. Kasm±? Diµµhadhammikasampar±yikaverappah±navividh±nisa½s±dhigamahetutoti.
Eva½ imiss±pi g±th±ya patir³padesav±so, pubbe ca katapuññat±, attasamm±paºidh²ti t²ºiyeva maªgal±ni vutt±ni, maªgalattañca nesa½ tattha tattha vibh±vitamev±ti.
Niµµhit± patir³padesav±so c±ti imiss± g±th±ya atthavaººan±.
264. Id±ni b±husaccañc±ti ettha b±husaccanti bahussutabh±vo. Sippanti ya½kiñci hatthakosalla½. Vinayoti k±yav±c±cittavinayana½. Susikkhitoti suµµhu sikkhito. Subh±sit±ti suµµhu bh±sit±. Y±ti aniyamaniddeso. V±c±ti gir± byappatho. Sesa½ vuttanayamev±ti. Ayamettha padavaººan±.
Atthavaººan± pana eva½ veditabb±– b±husacca½ n±ma ya½ ta½ “sutadharo hoti sutasannicayo”ti (ma. ni. 1.339; a. ni. 4.22) ca “idha, bhikkhave, ekaccassa puggalassa bahuka½ suta½ hoti sutta½ geyya½ veyy±karaºan”ti (a. ni. 4.6) ca evam±din± nayena satthus±sanadharatta½ vaººita½, ta½ akusalappah±nakusal±dhigamahetuto anupubbena paramatthasaccasacchikiriyahetuto ca “maªgalan”ti vuccati. Vuttañheta½ bhagavat±–
“Sutav± ca kho, bhikkhave, ariyas±vako akusala½ pajahati, kusala½ bh±veti, s±vajja½ pajahati, anavajja½ bh±veti, suddhamatt±na½ pariharat²”ti (a. ni. 7.67).
Aparampi vutta½–
“Dhat±na½ dhamm±na½ atthamupaparikkhati, attha½ upaparikkhato dhamm± nijjh±na½ khamanti, dhammanijjh±nakkhantiy± sati chando j±yati, chandaj±to ussahati, ussahanto tulayati, tulayanto padahati, padahanto k±yena ceva paramatthasacca½ sacchikaroti, paññ±ya ca ativijjha passat²”ti (ma. ni. 2.432).
Apica ag±rikab±husaccampi ya½ anavajja½, ta½ ubhayalokahitasukh±vahanato “maªgalan”ti veditabba½.
Sippa½ n±ma ag±rikasippañca anag±rikasippañca. Tattha ag±rikasippa½ n±ma ya½ par³parodhavirahita½ akusalavivajjita½ maºik±rasuvaººak±rakamm±di, ta½ idhalokatth±vahanato maªgala½. Anag±rikasippa½ n±ma c²varavic±raºasibban±di samaºaparikkh±r±bhisaªkharaºa½, ya½ ta½ “idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu y±ni t±ni sabrahmac±r²na½ ucc±vac±ni ki½karaº²y±ni, tattha dakkho hot²”ti-±din± nayena tattha tattha sa½vaººita½, ya½ “n±thakaraºo dhammo”ti (d². ni. 3.345; a. ni. 10.17) ca vutta½, ta½ attano ca paresañca ubhayalokahitasukh±vahanato “maªgalan”ti veditabba½.
Vinayo n±ma ag±rikavinayo ca anag±rikavinayo ca. Tattha ag±rikavinayo n±ma dasa-akusalakammapathaviramaºa½, so tattha asa½kiles±pajjanena ±c±raguºavavatth±nena ca susikkhito ubhayalokahitasukh±vahanato maªgala½. Anag±rikavinayo n±ma satt±pattikkhandhe an±pajjana½, sopi vuttanayeneva susikkhito. Catup±risuddhis²la½ v± anag±rikavinayo. So yath± tattha patiµµh±ya arahatta½ p±puº±ti, eva½ sikkhanena susikkhito lokiyalokuttarasukh±dhigamahetuto “maªgalan”ti veditabbo.
Subh±sit± v±c± n±ma mus±v±d±didosavirahit± v±c±. Yath±ha– “cat³hi, bhikkhave, aªgehi samann±gat± v±c± subh±sit± hot²”ti. Asamphappal±p± v±c± eva v± subh±sit±. Yath±ha–
“Subh±sita½ uttamam±hu santo,
dhamma½ bhaºe n±dhamma½ ta½ dutiya½;
piya½ bhaºe n±ppiya½ ta½ tatiya½,
sacca½ bhaºe n±lika½ ta½ catutthan”ti. (Sa½. ni. 1.213; su. ni. 452).
Ayampi ubhayalokahitasukh±vahanato “maªgalan”ti veditabb±. Yasm± ca aya½ vinayapariy±pann± eva, tasm± vinayaggahaºena eta½ asaªgaºhitv± vinayo saªgahetabbo. Athav± ki½ imin± parissamena paresa½ dhammadesan±v±c± idha “subh±sit± v±c±”ti veditabb±. S± hi yath± patir³padesav±so, eva½ satt±na½ ubhayalokahitasukhanibb±n±dhigamapaccayato “maªgalan”ti vuccati. ¾ha ca–
“Ya½ buddho bh±sati v±ca½, khema½ nibb±napattiy±;
dukkhassantakiriy±ya, s± ve v±c±namuttam±”ti. (Sa½. ni. 1.213; su. ni. 456).
Eva½ imiss± g±th±ya b±husacca½, sippa½, vinayo susikkhito, subh±sit± v±c±ti catt±ri maªgal±ni vutt±ni, maªgalattañca nesa½ tattha tattha vibh±vitamev±ti.
Niµµhit± b±husaccañc±ti imiss± g±th±ya atthavaººan±.
265. Id±ni m±t±pitu-upaµµh±nanti ettha m±tu ca pitu c±ti m±t±pitu. Upaµµh±nanti upaµµhahana½. Putt±nañca d±r±nañc±ti puttad±rassa. Saªgaºhana½ saªgaho. Na ±kul± an±kul±. Kamm±ni eva kammant±. Sesa½ vuttanayamev±ti aya½ padavaººan±.
Atthavaººan± pana eva½ veditabb±– m±t± n±ma janik± vuccati, tath± pit±. Upaµµh±na½ n±ma p±dadhovanasamb±hana-ucch±dananh±panehi catupaccayasampad±nena ca upak±rakaraºa½. Tattha yasm± m±t±pitaro bah³pak±r± putt±na½ atthak±m± anukampak±, ya½ puttake bahi k²¼itv± pa½sumakkhitasar²rake ±gate disv± pa½suka½ puñchitv± matthaka½ upasiªgh±yant± paricumbant± ca sineha½ upp±denti, vassasatampi m±t±pitaro s²sena pariharant± putt± tesa½ paµik±ra½ k±tu½ asamatth±. Yasm± ca te ±p±dak± posak± imassa lokassa dasset±ro brahmasammat± pubb±cariyasammat±, tasm± tesa½ upaµµh±na½ idha pasa½sa½ pecca saggasukhañca ±vahati, tena “maªgalan”ti vuccati. Vuttañheta½ bhagavat±–
“Brahm±ti m±t±pitaro, pubb±cariy±ti vuccare;
±huneyy± ca putt±na½, paj±ya anukampak±.
“Tasm± hi ne namasseyya, sakkareyya ca paº¹ito;
annena atha p±nena, vatthena sayanena ca.
“Ucch±danena nh±panena, p±d±na½ dhovanena ca;
t±ya na½ p±ricariy±ya, m±t±pit³su paº¹it±;
idheva na½ pasa½santi, pecca sagge pamodat²”ti. (A. ni. 3.31; itivu. 106; j±. 2.20.181-183).
Aparo nayo– upaµµh±na½ n±ma bharaºakiccakaraºakulava½saµµhapan±dipañcavidha½, ta½ p±paniv±raº±dipañcavidhadiµµhadhammikahitahetuto “maªgalan”ti veditabba½. Vuttañheta½ bhagavat±–
“Pañcahi kho, gahapatiputta, µh±nehi puttena puratthim± dis± m±t±pitaro paccupaµµh±tabb± ‘bhato ne bhariss±mi, kicca½ nesa½ kariss±mi, kulava½sa½ µhapess±mi, d±yajja½ paµipajjiss±mi, atha v± pana pet±na½ k±lakat±na½ dakkhiºa½ anuppadass±m²’ti Imehi kho, gahapatiputta, pañcahi µh±nehi puttena puratthim± dis± m±t±pitaro paccupaµµhit± pañcahi µh±nehi putta½ anukampanti, p±p± niv±renti, kaly±ºe nivesenti, sippa½ sikkh±penti, patir³pena d±rena sa½yojenti, samaye d±yajja½ niyy±dent²”ti (d². ni. 3.267).
Apica yo m±t±pitaro t²su vatth³su pas±dupp±danena s²lasam±d±panena pabbajj±ya v± upaµµhahati, aya½ m±t±pitu-upaµµh±k±na½ aggo, tassa ta½ m±t±pitu-upaµµh±na½ m±t±pit³hi katassa upak±rassa paccupak±rabh³ta½ anekesa½ diµµhadhammik±na½ sampar±yik±nañca atth±na½ padaµµh±nato “maªgalan”ti vuccati.
Puttad±rass±ti ettha attan± janit± putt±pi dh²taropi “putt±” tveva saªkhya½ gacchanti. D±r±ti v²satiy± bhariy±na½ y± k±ci bhariy±. Putt± ca d±r± ca puttad±ra½, tassa puttad±rassa. Saªgahoti samm±nan±d²hi upak±rakaraºa½. Ta½ susa½vihitakammantat±didiµµhadhammikahitahetuto “maªgalan”ti veditabba½. Vuttañheta½ bhagavat±– “pacchim± dis± puttad±r± veditabb±”ti (d². ni. 3.266) ettha uddiµµha½ puttad±ra½ bhariy±saddena saªgaºhitv±–
“Pañcahi kho, gahapatiputta, µh±nehi s±mikena pacchim± dis± bhariy± paccupaµµh±tabb±, samm±nan±ya anavam±nan±ya anaticariy±ya issariyavossaggena alaªk±r±nuppad±nena. Imehi kho, gahapatiputta, pañcahi µh±nehi s±mikena pacchim± dis± bhariy± paccupaµµhit± pañcahi µh±nehi s±mika½ anukampati, susa½vihitakammant± ca hoti, saªgahitaparijan± ca, anatic±rin² ca, sambhatañca anurakkhati, dakkh± ca hoti analas± sabbakicces³”ti (d². ni. 3.269).
Aya½ v± aparo nayo– saªgahoti dhammik±hi d±napiyav±ca-atthacariy±hi saªgaºhana½. Seyyathida½– uposathadivasesu paribbayad±na½, nakkhattadivasesu nakkhattadass±pana½, maªgaladivasesu maªgalakaraºa½, diµµhadhammikasampar±yikesu atthesu ov±d±nus±sananti. Ta½ vuttanayeneva diµµhadhammikahitahetuto sampar±yikahitahetuto devat±hipi namassan²yabh±vahetuto ca “maªgalan”ti veditabba½. Yath±ha sakko dev±namindo–
“Ye gahaµµh± puññakar±, s²lavanto up±sak±;
dhammena d±ra½ posenti, te namass±mi m±tal²”ti. (Sa½. ni. 1.264).
An±kul± kammant± n±ma k±laññut±ya patir³pak±rit±ya analasat±ya uµµh±nav²riyasampad±ya abyasan²yat±ya ca k±l±tikkamana-appatir³pakaraº±karaºasithilakaraº±di-±kulabh±vavirahit± kasigorakkhavaºijj±dayo kammant±. Ete attano v± puttad±rassa v± d±sakammakar±na½ v± byattat±ya eva½ payojit± diµµheva dhamme dhanadhaññavu¹¹hipaµil±bhahetuto “maªgalan”ti vutt±. Vuttañceta½ bhagavat±–
“Patir³pak±r² dhurav±, uµµh±t± vindate dhanan”ti; (su. ni. 189; sa½. ni. 1.246) ca;
“na div± soppas²lena, rattimuµµh±nadessin±;
nicca½ mattena soº¹ena, sakk± ±vasitu½ ghara½.
“Atis²ta½ ati-uºha½, atis±yamida½ ahu;
iti vissaµµhakammante, atth± accenti m±ºave.
“Yodha s²tañca uºhañca, tiº± bhiyyo na maññati;
kara½ purisakicc±ni, so sukh± na vih±yat²”ti. Ca (d². ni. 3.253).
“Bhoge sa½haram±nassa, bhamarasseva ir²yato;
bhog± sannicaya½ yanti, vammikov³pac²yat²”ti. (D². ni. 3.265)–

Ca evam±di.

Eva½ imiss±pi g±th±ya m±tupaµµh±na½, pitupaµµh±na½, puttad±rassa saªgaho, an±kul± ca kammant±ti catt±ri maªgal±ni vutt±ni, puttad±rassa saªgaha½ v± dvidh± katv± pañca, m±t±pitu-upaµµh±na½ v± ekameva katv± t²ºi. Maªgalattañca nesa½ tattha tattha vibh±vitamev±ti.
Niµµhit± m±t±pitu-upaµµh±nanti imiss± g±th±ya atthavaººan±.
266. Id±ni d±nañc±ti ettha d²yate imin±ti d±na½, attano santaka½ parassa paµip±d²yat²ti vutta½ hoti. Dhammassa cariy±, dhamm± v± anapet± cariy± dhammacariy±. ѱyante “amh±ka½ ime”ti ñ±tak±. Na avajj±ni anavajj±ni, anindit±ni agarahit±n²ti vutta½ hoti. Sesa½ vuttanayamev±ti aya½ padavaººan±.
Atthavaººan± pana eva½ veditabb±– d±na½ n±ma para½ uddissa subuddhipubbik± ann±didasad±navatthuparicc±gacetan± ta½sampayutto v± alobho. Alobhena hi ta½ vatthu½ parassa paµip±deti. Tena vutta½ “d²yate imin±ti d±nan”ti. Ta½ bahujanapiyaman±pat±d²na½ diµµhadhammikasampar±yik±na½ phalavises±na½ adhigamahetuto “maªgalan”ti vutta½. “D±yako s²ha d±napati bahuno janassa piyo hoti man±po”ti evam±d²ni cettha sutt±ni (a. ni. 5.34) anussaritabb±ni.