Apica p³timacchasadiso b±lo, p³timacchabandhapattapuµasadiso hoti tadupasev², cha¹¹an²yata½ jigucchan²yatañca ±pajjati viññ³na½. Vuttañceta½–

“P³timaccha½ kusaggena, yo naro upanayhati;
kus±pi p³t² v±yanti, eva½ b±l³pasevan±”ti. (Itivu. 76; j±. 1.15.183; 2.22.1257).

Akittipaº¹ito c±pi sakkena dev±namindena vare diyyam±ne evam±ha–

“B±la½ na passe na suºe, na ca b±lena sa½vase;
b±lenall±pasall±pa½, na kare na ca rocaye.
“Kinnu te akara½ b±lo, vada kassapa k±raºa½;
kena kassapa b±lassa, dassana½ n±bhikaªkhasi.
“Anaya½ nayati dummedho, adhur±ya½ niyuñjati;
dunnayo seyyaso hoti, samm± vutto pakuppati;
vinaya½ so na j±n±ti, s±dhu tassa adassanan”ti. (J±. 1.13.90-92).

Eva½ bhagav± sabb±k±rena b±l³pasevana½ garahanto b±l±na½ asevana½ “maªgalan”ti vatv± id±ni paº¹itasevana½ pasa½santo “paº¹it±nañca sevan± maªgalan”ti ±ha. Tattha paº¹it± n±ma ye keci p±º±tip±t±veramaºi-±didasakusalakammapathasamann±gat± satt±, te t²h±k±rehi j±nitabb±. Yath±ha– “t²ºim±ni, bhikkhave, paº¹itassa paº¹italakkhaº±n²”ti (a. ni. 3.3; ma. ni. 3.253) vutta½. Apica buddhapaccekabuddha-as²timah±s±vak± aññe ca tath±gatassa s±vak± sunettamah±govindavidhurasarabhaªgamahosadhasutasomanimir±ja- ayogharakum±ra-akittipaº¹it±dayo ca paº¹it±ti veditabb±.

Te bhaye viya rakkh±, andhak±re viya pad²po, khuppip±s±didukkh±bhibhave viya annap±n±dipaµil±bho, attano vacanakar±na½ sabbabhaya-upaddav³pasaggaviddha½sanasamatth± honti. Tath± hi tath±gata½ ±gamma asaªkhyeyy± aparim±º± devamanuss± ±savakkhaya½ patt±, brahmaloke patiµµhit±, devaloke patiµµhit±, sugatiloke uppann±. S±riputtatthere citta½ pas±detv± cat³hi paccayehi thera½ upaµµhahitv± as²ti kulasahass±ni sagge nibbatt±ni. Tath± mah±moggall±namah±kassapappabhut²su sabbamah±s±vakesu, sunettassa satthuno s±vak± appekacce brahmaloke uppajji½su, appekacce paranimmitavasavatt²na½ dev±na½ sahabyata½…pe… appekacce gahapatimah±s±lakul±na½ sahabyata½ upapajji½su. Vuttañceta½–

“Natthi, bhikkhave, paº¹itato bhaya½, natthi paº¹itato upaddavo, natthi paº¹itato upasaggo”ti (a. ni. 3.1).
Apica tagaram±l±digandhabhaº¹asadiso paº¹ito, tagaram±l±digandhabhaº¹apaliveµhanapattasadiso hoti tadupasev², bh±van²yata½ manuññatañca ±pajjati viññ³na½. Vuttañceta½–
“Tagarañca pal±sena, yo naro upanayhati;
patt±pi surabh² v±yanti, eva½ dh²r³pasevan±”ti. (Itivu. 76; j±. 1.15.184; 2.22.1258).

Akittipaº¹ito c±pi sakkena dev±namindena vare diyyam±ne evam±ha–

“Dh²ra½ passe suºe dh²ra½, dh²rena saha sa½vase;
dh²renall±pasall±pa½, ta½ kare tañca rocaye.
“Kinnu te akara½ dh²ro, vada kassapa k±raºa½;
kena kassapa dh²rassa, dassana½ abhikaªkhasi.
“Naya½ nayati medh±v², adhur±ya½ na yuñjati;
sunayo seyyaso hoti, samm± vutto na kuppati;
vinaya½ so paj±n±ti, s±dhu tena sam±gamo”ti. (J±. 1.13.94-96).

Eva½ bhagav± sabb±k±rena paº¹itasevana½ pasa½santo, paº¹it±na½ sevana½ “maªgalan”ti vatv± id±ni t±ya b±l±na½ asevan±ya paº¹it±na½ sevan±ya ca anupubbena p³janeyyabh±va½ upagat±na½ p³ja½ pasa½santo “p³j± ca p³janeyy±na½ eta½ maªgalamuttaman”ti ±ha. Tattha p³janeyy± n±ma sabbadosavirahitatt± sabbaguºasamann±gatatt± ca buddh± bhagavanto, tato pacch± paccekabuddh± ariyas±vak± ca. Tesañhi p³j± appak±pi d²gharatta½ hit±ya sukh±ya hoti, sumanam±l±k±ramallik±dayo cettha nidassana½.

Tattheka½ nidassanamatta½ bhaº±ma. Bhagav± kira ekadivasa½ pubbaºhasamaya½ niv±setv± pattac²varam±d±ya r±jagaha½ piº¹±ya p±visi. Atha kho sumanam±l±k±ro rañño m±gadhassa seniyassa bimbis±rassa pupph±ni gahetv± gacchanto addasa bhagavanta½ nagaradv±ra½ anuppatta½ p±s±dika½ pas±dan²ya½ dvatti½samah±purisalakkhaº±s²t±nubyañjanapaµimaº¹ita½ buddhasiriy± jalanta½. Disv±nassa etadahosi– “r±j± pupph±ni gahetv± sata½ v± sahassa½ v± dadeyya, tañca idhalokamattameva sukha½ bhaveyya, bhagavato pana p³j± appameyya-asaªkhyeyyaphal± d²gharatta½ hitasukh±vah± hoti. Hand±ha½ imehi pupphehi bhagavanta½ p³jem²”ti pasannacitto eka½ pupphamuµµhi½ gahetv± bhagavato paµimukha½ khipi, pupph±ni ±k±sena gantv± bhagavato upari m±l±vit±na½ hutv± aµµha½su. M±l±k±ro ta½ ±nubh±va½ disv± pasannataracitto puna eka½ pupphamuµµhi½ khipi, t±ni gantv± m±l±kañcuko hutv± aµµha½su. Eva½ aµµha pupphamuµµhiyo khipi, t±ni gantv± pupphak³µ±g±ra½ hutv± aµµha½su. Bhagav± antok³µ±g±re viya ahosi, mah±janak±yo sannipati. Bhagav± m±l±k±ra½ passanto sita½ p±tv±k±si. ¾nandatthero “na buddh± ahetu appaccay± sita½ p±tukaront²”ti sitak±raºa½ pucchi. Bhagav± ±ha– “eso, ±nanda, m±l±k±ro imiss± p³j±ya ±nubh±vena satasahassakappe devesu ca manussesu ca sa½saritv± pariyos±ne sumanissaro n±ma paccekabuddho bhavissat²”ti. Vacanapariyos±ne ca dhammadesanattha½ ima½ g±tha½ abh±si–

“Tañca kamma½ kata½ s±dhu, ya½ katv± n±nutappati;
yassa pat²to sumano, vip±ka½ paµisevat²”ti. (Dha. pa. 68).

G±th±pariyos±ne catur±s²tiy± p±ºasahass±na½ dhamm±bhisamayo ahosi, eva½ appak±pi tesa½ p³j± d²gharatta½ hit±ya sukh±ya hot²ti veditabb±. S± ca ±misap³j±va ko pana v±do paµipattip³j±ya. Yato ye kulaputt± saraºagamanena sikkh±padapaµiggahaºena uposathaªgasam±d±nena catup±risuddhis²l±d²hi ca attano guºehi bhagavanta½ p³jenti, ko tesa½ p³j±ya phala½ vaººayissati. Te hi tath±gata½ param±ya p³j±ya p³jent²ti vutt±. Yath±ha–

“Yo kho, ±nanda, bhikkhu v± bhikkhun² v± up±sako v± up±sik± v± dhamm±nudhammapaµipanno viharati s±m²cippaµipanno anudhammac±r², so tath±gata½ sakkaroti garu½ karoti m±neti p³jeti apaciyati param±ya p³j±y±”ti.

Eten±nus±rena paccekabuddha-ariyas±vak±nampi p³j±ya hitasukh±vahat± veditabb±.

Apica gahaµµh±na½ kaniµµhassa jeµµho bh±t±pi bhagin²pi p³janeyy±, puttassa m±t±pitaro, kulavadh³na½ s±mikasassusasur±ti evampettha p³janeyy± veditabb±. Etesampi hi p³j± kusaladhammasaªkh±tatt± ±yu-±diva¹¹hihetutt± ca maªgalameva. Vuttañheta½–

“Te matteyy± bhavissanti petteyy± s±maññ± brahmaññ± kule jeµµh±pac±yino, ida½ kusala½ dhamma½ sam±d±ya vattissanti. Te tesa½ kusal±na½ dhamm±na½ sam±d±nahetu ±yun±pi va¹¹hissanti, vaººenapi va¹¹hissant²”ti-±di.

Evametiss± g±th±ya b±l±na½ asevan± paº¹it±na½ sevan± p³janeyy±na½ p³j±ti t²ºi maªgal±ni vutt±ni. Tattha b±l±na½ asevan± b±lasevanapaccayabhay±diparitt±ºena ubhayalokahitahetutt± paº¹it±na½ sevan± p³janeyy±na½ p³j± ca t±sa½ phalavibh³tivaººan±ya½ vuttanayeneva nibb±nasugatihetutt± “maªgalan”ti veditabb±. Ito para½ tu m±tika½ adassetv± eva ya½ yattha maªgala½, ta½ vavatthapess±ma, tassa ca maªgalatta½ vibh±vayiss±m±ti.

Niµµhit± asevan± ca b±l±nanti imiss± g±th±ya atthavaººan±.

263. Eva½ bhagav± “br³hi maªgalamuttaman”ti eka½ ajjhesitopi appa½ y±cito bahud±yako u¼±rapuriso viya ek±ya g±th±ya t²ºi maªgal±ni vatv± tato uttaripi devat±na½ sotuk±mat±ya maªgal±nañca atthit±ya yesa½ yesa½ ya½ ya½ anuk³la½, te te satte tattha tattha maªgale niyojetuk±mat±ya ca “patir³padesav±so c±”ti-±d²hi g±th±hi punapi anek±ni maªgal±ni vattum±raddho.

Tattha paµhamag±th±ya t±va patir³poti anucchaviko. Desoti g±mopi nigamopi nagarampi janapadopi yo koci satt±na½ niv±sok±so. V±soti tattha niv±so. Pubbeti pur± at²t±su j±t²su. Katapuññat±ti upacitakusalat±. Att±ti citta½ vuccati, sakalo v± attabh±vo. Samm±paºidh²ti tassa attano samm± paºidh±na½ niyuñjana½, µhapananti vutta½ hoti. Sesa½ vuttanayamev±ti ayamettha padavaººan±.

Atthavaººan± pana eva½ veditabb± patir³padeso n±ma yattha catasso paris± viharanti, d±n±d²ni puññakiriy±vatth³ni vattanti, navaªga½ satthu s±sana½ dippati. Tattha niv±so satt±na½ puññakiriy±ya paccayatt± “maªgalan”ti vuccati. S²ha¼ad²papaviµµhakevaµµ±dayo cettha nidassana½.

Aparo nayo– patir³padeso n±ma bhagavato bodhimaº¹appadeso, dhammacakkappavattitappadeso, dv±dasayojan±ya paris±ya majjhe sabbatitthiyamata½ bhinditv± yamakap±µih±riyadassitakaº¹ambarukkham³lappadeso, devorohanappadeso, yo v± panaññopi s±vatthir±jagah±dibuddh±div±sappadeso. Tattha niv±so satt±na½ cha-anuttariyapaµil±bhapaccayato “maªgalan”ti vuccati.

Aparo nayo– puratthim±ya dis±ya kajaªgala½ n±ma nigamo, tassa aparena mah±s±l±, tato para½ paccantim± janapad±, orato majjhe. Dakkhiºapuratthim±ya dis±ya sallavat² n±ma nad², tato para½ paccantim± janapad±, orato majjhe. Dakkhiº±ya dis±ya setakaººika½ n±ma nigamo, tato para½ paccantim± janapad±, orato majjhe. Pacchim±ya dis±ya th³ºa½ n±ma br±hmaºag±mo, tato para½ paccantim± janapad±, orato majjhe. Uttar±ya dis±ya usiraddhajo n±ma pabbato, tato para½ paccantim± janapad± orato majjhe (mah±va. 259). Aya½ majjhimappadeso ±y±mena t²ºi yojanasat±ni, vitth±rena a¹¹hateyy±ni, parikkhepena navayojanasat±ni honti, eso patir³padeso n±ma.

Ettha catunna½ mah±d²p±na½ dvisahass±na½ parittad²p±nañca issariy±dhipaccak±rak± cakkavatt² uppajjanti, eka½ asaªkhyeyya½ kappasatasahassañca p±ramiyo p³retv± s±riputtamah±moggall±n±dayo mah±s±vak± uppajjanti, dve asaªkhyeyy±ni kappasatasahassañca p±ramiyo p³retv± paccekabuddh±, catt±ri aµµha so¼asa v± asaªkhyeyy±ni kappasatasahassañca p±ramiyo p³retv± samm±sambuddh± ca uppajjanti. Tattha satt± cakkavattirañño ov±da½ gahetv± pañcasu s²lesu patiµµh±ya saggapar±yaº± honti, tath± paccekabuddh±na½ ov±de patiµµh±ya. Samm±sambuddhas±vak±na½ pana ov±de patiµµh±ya saggapar±yaº± nibb±napar±yaº± ca honti. Tasm± tattha v±so im±sa½ sampatt²na½ paccayato “maªgalan”ti vuccati.

Pubbe katapuññat± n±ma at²taj±tiya½ buddhapaccekabuddhakh²º±save ±rabbha upacitakusalat±, s±pi maªgala½. Kasm±? Buddhapaccekabuddhe sammukhato dassetv± buddh±na½ v± buddhas±vak±na½ v± sammukh± sut±ya catuppadik±yapi g±th±ya pariyos±ne arahatta½ p±pet²ti katv±. Yo ca manusso pubbe kat±dhik±ro ussannakusalam³lo hoti, so teneva kusalam³lena vipassana½ upp±detv± ±savakkhaya½ p±puº±ti yath± r±j± mah±kappino aggamahes² ca. Tena vutta½ “pubbe ca katapuññat± maªgalan”ti.