Kevalakappanti ettha kevalasaddo anavasesayebhuyya-aby±missa-anatirekada¼hatthavisa½yog±di-anekattho. Tath± hissa “kevalaparipuººa½ parisuddha½ brahmacariyan”ti evam±d²su (d². ni. 1.255; p±r±. 1) anavasesat± attho. “Kevalakapp± ca aªgam±gadh± pah³ta½ kh±dan²ya½ bhojan²ya½ ±d±ya upasaªkamissant²”ti evam±d²su (mah±va. 43) yebhuyyat±. “Kevalassa dukkhakkhandhassa samudayo hot²”ti evam±d²su (vibha. 225) aby±missat±. “Kevala½ saddh±mattaka½ n³na ayam±yasm±”ti evam±d²su (mah±va. 244) anatirekat±. “¾yasmato bhante anuruddhassa b±hiko n±ma saddhivih±riko kevalakappa½ saªghabhed±ya µhito”ti evam±d²su (a. ni. 4.243) da¼hatthat±. “Keval² vusitav± uttamapurisoti vuccat²”ti evam±d²su (sa½. ni. 3.57) visa½yogo. Idha panassa anavasesato attho adhippeto.

Kappasaddo pan±ya½ abhisaddahanavoh±rak±lapaññattichedanavikappalesasamantabh±v±di-anekattho. Tath± hissa “okappaniyameta½ bhoto gotamassa, yat± ta½ arahato samm±sambuddhass±”ti evam±d²su (ma. ni. 1.387) abhisaddahanamattho. “Anuj±n±mi, bhikkhave, pañcahi samaºakappehi phala½ paribhuñjitun”ti evam±d²su (c³¼ava. 250) voh±ro. “Yena suda½ niccakappa½ vihar±m²”ti evam±d²su (ma. ni. 1.387) k±lo. “Icc±yasm± kappo”ti evam±d²su (su. ni. 1098; c³¼ani. kappam±ºavapucch± 117) paññatti. “Alaªkato kappitakesamass³”ti evam±d²su (j±. 2.22.1368) chedana½. “Kappati dvaªgulakappo”ti evam±d²su (c³¼ava. 446) vikappo. “Atthi kappo nipajjitun”ti evam±d²su (a. ni. 8.80) leso. “Kevalakappa½ ve¼uvana½ obh±setv±”ti evam±d²su (sa½. ni. 1.94) samantabh±vo. Idha panassa samantabh±vo atthoti adhippeto. Yato kevalakappa½ jetavananti ettha anavasesa½ samantato jetavananti evamattho daµµhabbo.

Obh±setv±ti ±bh±ya pharitv±, candim± viya s³riyo viya ca ekobh±sa½ ekapajjota½ karitv±ti attho.

Yena bhagav± tenupasaªkam²ti bhummatthe karaºavacana½, yato yattha bhagav±, tattha upasaªkam²ti evamettha attho daµµhabbo. Yena v± k±raºena bhagav± devamanussehi upasaªkamitabbo, teneva k±raºena upasaªkam²ti evampettha attho daµµhabbo. Kena ca k±raºena bhagav± upasaªkamitabbo? N±nappak±raguºavises±dhigam±dhipp±yena s±duphal³pabhog±dhipp±yena dijagaºehi niccaphalitamah±rukkho viya. Upasaªkam²ti ca gat±ti vutta½ hoti. Upasaªkamitv±ti upasaªkamanapariyos±nad²pana½. Atha v± eva½ gat± tato ±sannatara½ µh±na½ bhagavato sam²pasaªkh±ta½ gantv±tipi vutta½ hoti. Bhagavanta½ abhiv±detv±ti bhagavanta½ vanditv± paºamitv± namassitv±.

Ekamantanti bh±vanapu½sakaniddeso, ekok±sa½ ekapassanti vutta½ hoti. Bhummatthe v± upayogavacana½. Aµµh±s²ti nisajj±dipaµikkhepo, µh±na½ kappesi, µhit± ahos²ti attho.

Katha½ µhit± pana s± ekamanta½ µhit± ah³ti?

“Na pacchato na purato, n±pi ±sannad³rato;
na kacche nopi paµiv±te, na c±pi oºatuººate;
ime dose vivajjetv±, ekamanta½ µhit± ah³”ti.

Kasm± pan±ya½ aµµh±si eva, na nis²d²ti? Lahu½ nivattituk±mat±ya. Devat± hi kañcideva atthavasa½ paµicca sucipuriso viya vaccaµµh±na½ manussaloka½ ±gacchanti. Pakatiy± panet±sa½ yojanasatato pabhuti manussaloko duggandhat±ya paµik³lo hoti, na tattha abhiramanti. Tena s± ±gatakicca½ katv± lahu½ nivattituk±mat±ya na nis²di. Yassa ca gaman±di-iriy±pathaparissamassa vinodanattha½ nis²danti, so dev±na½ parissamo natthi, tasm±pi na nis²di. Ye ca mah±s±vak± bhagavanta½ pariv±retv± µhit±, te patim±nesi, tasm±pi na nis²di. Apica bhagavati g±raveneva na nis²di. Dev±nañhi nis²dituk±m±na½ ±sana½ nibbattati, ta½ aniccham±n± nisajj±ya cittampi akatv± ekamanta½ aµµh±si.

Ekamanta½ µhit± kho s± devat±ti eva½ imehi k±raºehi ekamanta½ µhit± kho s± devat±. Bhagavanta½ g±th±ya ajjhabh±s²ti bhagavanta½ g±th±ya akkharapadaniyamitaganthitena vacanena abh±s²ti attho.

261. Tattha bah³ti aniyamitasaªkhy±niddeso. Tena anekasat± anekasahass± anekasatasahass±ti vutta½ hoti. Dibbant²ti dev±, pañcahi k±maguºehi k²¼anti, attano v± siriy± jotant²ti attho. Apica tividh± dev± sammuti-upapattivisuddhivasena. Yath±ha–

“Dev±ti tayo dev± sammutidev±, upapattidev±, visuddhidev±. Tattha sammutidev± n±ma r±j±no, deviyo, r±jakum±r±. Upapattidev± n±ma c±tumah±r±jike deve up±d±ya taduttaridev±. Visuddhidev± n±ma arahanto vuccant²”ti (c³¼ani. dhotakam±ºavapucch±niddesa 32, p±r±yan±nug²tig±th±niddesa 119).

Tesu idha upapattidev± adhippet±. Manuno apacc±ti manuss±. Por±º± pana bhaºanti– manassa ussannat±ya manuss±. Te jambud²pak±, aparagoy±nak±, uttarakuruk±, pubbavidehak±ti catubbidh±. Idha jambud²pak± adhippet±. Maªgalanti imehi satt±ti maªgal±ni, iddhi½ vuddhiñca p±puºant²ti attho. Acintayunti cintesu½. ¾kaªkham±n±ti iccham±n± patthayam±n± pihayam±n±. Sotth±nanti sotthibh±va½, sabbesa½ diµµhadhammikasampar±yik±na½ sobhan±na½ sundar±na½ kaly±º±na½ dhamm±namatthitanti vutta½ hoti. Br³h²ti desehi pak±sehi ±cikkha vivara vibhaja utt±n²karohi. Maªgalanti iddhik±raºa½ vuddhik±raºa½ sabbasampattik±raºa½. Uttamanti visiµµha½ pavara½ sabbalokahitasukh±vahanti aya½ g±th±ya anupubbapadavaººan±.

Aya½ pana piº¹attho– so devaputto dasasahassacakkav±¼esu devat± maªgalapañha½ sotuk±mat±ya imasmi½ ekacakkav±¼e sannipatitv± ekav±laggakoµi-ok±samatte dasapi v²sampi ti½sampi catt±l²sampi paññ±sampi saµµhipi sattatipi as²tipi sukhumattabh±ve nimminitv± sabbadevam±rabrahm±no siriy± ca tejas± ca adhigayha virocam±na½ paññattavarabuddh±sane nisinna½ bhagavanta½ pariv±retv± µhit± disv± tasmi½ ca samaye an±gat±nampi sakalajambud²pak±na½ manuss±na½ cetas± cetoparivitakkamaññ±ya sabbadevamanuss±na½ vicikicch±sallasamuddharaºattha½ ±ha– “bah³ dev± manuss± ca, maªgal±ni acintayu½, ±kaªkham±n± sotth±na½ attano sotthibh±va½ icchant±, br³hi maªgalamuttama½, tesa½ dev±na½ anumatiy± manuss±nañca anuggahena may± puµµho sam±no ya½ sabbesameva amh±ka½ ekantahitasukh±vahanato uttama½ maªgala½, ta½ no anukampa½ up±d±ya br³hi bhagav±”ti.

262. Evameta½ devaputtassa vacana½ sutv± bhagav± “asevan± ca b±l±nan”ti g±tham±ha. Tattha asevan±ti abhajan± apayirup±san±. B±l±nanti balanti assasant²ti b±l±, assasitapassasitamattena j²vanti, na paññ±j²viten±ti adhipp±yo. Tesa½ b±l±na½ paº¹it±nanti paº¹ant²ti paº¹it±, sandiµµhikasampar±yikesu atthesu ñ±ºagatiy± gacchant²ti adhipp±yo. Tesa½ paº¹it±na½. Sevan±ti bhajan± payirup±san± ta½sah±yat± ta½sampavaªkat±. P³j±ti sakk±ragaruk±ram±nanavandan±. P³janeyy±nanti p³j±rah±na½. Eta½ maªgalamuttamanti y± ca b±l±na½ asevan±, y± ca paº¹it±na½ sevan±, y± ca p³janeyy±na½ p³j±, ta½ sabba½ sampiº¹etv± ±ha eta½ maªgalamuttamanti. Ya½ tay± puµµha½ “br³hi maªgalamuttaman”ti, ettha t±va eta½ maªgalamuttamanti gaºh±h²ti vutta½ hoti. Ayametiss± g±th±ya padavaººan±.

Atthavaººan± panass± eva½ veditabb±– evameta½ devaputtassa vacana½ sutv± bhagav± ima½ g±tham±ha. Tattha yasm± catubbidh± kath± pucchitakath±, apucchitakath±, s±nusandhikath±, ananusandhikath±ti. Tattha “pucch±mi ta½, gotama, bh³ripañña½, katha½karo s±vako s±dhu hot²”ti (su. ni. 378) ca, “katha½ nu tva½, m±risa, oghamatar²”ti (sa½. ni. 1.1) ca evam±d²su pucchitena kathik± pucchitakath±. “Ya½ pare sukhato ±hu, tadariy± ±hu dukkhato”ti evam±d²su (su. ni. 767) apucchitena attajjh±sayavaseneva kathit± apucchitakath±. Sabb±pi buddh±na½ kath± “sanid±n±ha½, bhikkhave, dhamma½ desem²”ti (a. ni. 3.126; kath±. 806) vacanato s±nusandhikath±. Ananusandhikath± imasmi½ s±sane natthi. Evamet±su kath±su aya½ devaputtena pucchitena bhagavat± kathitatt± pucchitakath±. Pucchitakath±yañca yath± cheko puriso kusalo maggassa, kusalo amaggassa, magga½ puµµho paµhama½ vijahitabba½ ±cikkhitv± pacch± gahetabba½ ±cikkhati– “asukasmi½ n±ma µh±ne dvedh±patho hoti, tattha v±ma½ muñcitv± dakkhiºa½ gaºhath±”ti, eva½ sevitabb±sevitabbesu asevitabba½ ±cikkhitv± sevitabba½ ±cikkhati. Bhagav± ca maggakusalapurisasadiso. Yath±ha–

“Puriso maggakusaloti kho, tissa, tath±gatasseta½ adhivacana½ arahato samm±sambuddhass±”ti (sa½. ni. 3.84).

So hi kusalo imassa lokassa, kusalo parassa lokassa, kusalo maccudheyyassa, kusalo amaccudheyyassa, kusalo m±radheyyassa, kusalo am±radheyyass±ti. Tasm± paµhama½ asevitabba½ ±cikkhitv± sevitabba½ ±cikkhanto ±ha– “asevan± ca b±l±na½, paº¹it±nañca sevan±”ti. Vijahitabbamaggo viya hi paµhama½ b±l± na sevitabb± na payirup±sitabb±, tato gahetabbamaggo viya paº¹it± sevitabb± payirup±sitabb±ti.

Kasm± pana bhagavat± maªgala½ kathentena paµhama½ b±l±na½ asevan± paº¹it±nañca sevan± kathit±ti? Vuccate– yasm± ima½ diµµh±d²su maªgaladiµµhi½ b±lasevan±ya devamanuss± gaºhi½su, s± ca amaªgala½, tasm± nesa½ ta½ idhalokatthaparalokatthabhañjaka½ akaly±ºamittasa½sagga½ garahantena ubhayalokatthas±dhakañca kaly±ºamittasa½sagga½ pasa½santena bhagavat± paµhama½ b±l±na½ asevan± paº¹it±nañca sevan± kathit±ti.

Tattha b±l± n±ma ye keci p±º±tip±t±di-akusalakammapathasamann±gat± satt±. Te t²h±k±rehi j±nitabb±. Yath±ha– “t²ºim±ni, bhikkhave, b±lassa b±lalakkhaº±n²”ti (a. ni. 3.3; ma. ni. 3.246) sutta½. Apica p³raºakassap±dayo cha satth±ro devadattakok±likakaµamodakatissakhaº¹adeviy±puttasamuddadattaciñcam±ºavik±dayo at²tak±le ca d²ghavidassa bh±t±ti ime aññe ca evar³p± satt± b±l±ti veditabb±.

Te aggipadittamiva aªg±ra½ attan± duggahitena att±nañca attano vacanak±rake ca vin±senti, yath± d²ghavidassa bh±t± catubuddhantara½ saµµhiyojanamattena attabh±vena utt±no patito mah±niraye paccati, yath± ca tassa diµµhi½ abhirucik±ni pañca kulasat±ni tasseva sahabyata½ upapann±ni niraye paccanti. Vutta½ heta½–

“Seyyath±pi, bhikkhave, na¼±g±r± v± tiº±g±r± v± aggi mutto k³µ±g±r±nipi ¹ahati ullitt±valitt±ni niv±t±ni phusitagga¼±ni pihitav±tap±n±ni, evameva kho, bhikkhave, y±ni k±nici bhay±ni uppajjanti, sabb±ni t±ni b±lato uppajjanti, no paº¹itato. Ye keci upaddav± uppajjanti…pe… ye keci upasagg±…pe… no paº¹itato. Iti kho, bhikkhave, sappaµibhayo b±lo, appaµibhayo paº¹ito. Sa-upaddavo b±lo, anupaddavo paº¹ito, sa-upasaggo b±lo, anupasaggo paº¹ito”ti (a. ni. 3.1).