8. Mettasuttavaººan±

Karaº²yamatthakusalen±ti mettasutta½. K± uppatti? Himavantapassato kira devat±hi ubb±¼h± bhikkh³ bhagavato santika½ s±vatthi½ ±gacchi½su. Tesa½ bhagav± parittatth±ya kammaµµh±natth±ya ca ima½ sutta½ abh±si. Aya½ t±va saªkhepo.

Aya½ pana vitth±ro– eka½ samaya½ bhagav± s±vatthiya½ viharati upakaµµh±ya vass³pan±yik±ya. Tena kho pana samayena sambahul± n±n±verajjak± bhikkh³ bhagavato santike kammaµµh±na½ gahetv± tattha tattha vassa½ upagantuk±m± bhagavanta½ upasaªkamanti. Tatra suda½ bhagav± r±gacarit±na½ saviññ±ºak±viññ±ºakavasena ek±dasavidha½ asubhakammaµµh±na½, dosacarit±na½ catubbidha½ mett±dikammaµµh±na½, mohacarit±na½ maraºassatikammaµµh±n±d²ni, vitakkacarit±na½ ±n±p±nassatipathav²kasiº±d²ni, saddh±carit±na½ buddh±nussatikammaµµh±n±d²ni, buddhicarit±na½ catudh±tuvavatthan±d²n²ti imin± nayena catur±s²tisahassappabhedacarit±nuk³l±ni kammaµµh±n±ni katheti.

Atha kho pañcamatt±ni bhikkhusat±ni bhagavato santike kammaµµh±na½ uggahetv± sapp±yasen±sanañca gocarag±mañca pariyesam±n±ni anupubbena gantv± paccante himavantena saddhi½ ek±baddha½ n²lak±camaºisannibhasil±tala½ s²talaghanacch±yan²lavanasaº¹amaº¹ita½ mutt±talarajatapaµµasadisav±luk±kiººabh³mibh±ga½ sucis±tas²talajal±sayapariv±rita½ pabbatamaddasa½su. Atha kho te bhikkh³ tatthekaratti½ vasitv± pabh±t±ya rattiy± sar²raparikamma½ katv± tassa avid³re aññatara½ g±ma½ piº¹±ya pavisi½su. G±mo ghananivesasanniviµµhakulasahassayutto, manuss± cettha saddh± pasann±, te paccante pabbajitadassanassa dullabhat±ya bhikkh³ disv± eva p²tisomanassaj±t± hutv± te bhikkh³ bhojetv± “idheva, bhante, tem±sa½ vasath±”ti y±citv± pañcapadh±nakuµisat±ni k±r±petv± tattha mañcap²µhap±n²yaparibhojan²yaghaµ±d²ni sabb³pakaraº±ni paµiy±desu½.

Bhikkh³ dutiyadivase añña½ g±ma½ piº¹±ya pavisi½su. Tatth±pi manuss± tatheva upaµµhahitv± vass±v±sa½ y±ci½su. Bhikkh³ “asati antar±ye”ti adhiv±setv± ta½ vanasaº¹a½ pavisitv± sabbarattindiva½ ±raddhav²riy± hutv± y±magaº¹ika½ koµµetv± yonisomanasik±rabahul± viharant± rukkham³l±ni upagantv± nis²di½su. S²lavant±na½ bhikkh³na½ tejena vihatatej± rukkhadevat± attano attano vim±n± oruyha d±rake gahetv± ito cito ca vicaranti. Seyyath±pi n±ma r±j³hi v± r±jamah±mattehi v± g±mak±v±sa½ gatehi g±mav±s²na½ gharesu ok±se gahite gharam±nusak± ghar± nikkhamitv± aññatra vasant± “kad± nu kho gamissant²”ti d³rato olokenti; evameva devat± attano attano vim±n±ni cha¹¹etv± ito cito ca vicarantiyo d³ratova olokenti– “kad± nu kho bhadant± gamissant²”ti. Tato eva½ samacintesu½ “paµhamavass³pagat± bhikkh³ avassa½ tem±sa½ vasissanti. Maya½ pana t±va cira½ d±rake gahetv± okkamma vasitu½ na sakkhiss±ma. Handa maya½ bhikkh³na½ bhay±naka½ ±rammaºa½ dassem±”ti. T± ratti½ bhikkh³na½ samaºadhammakaraºavel±ya bhi½sanak±ni yakkhar³p±ni nimminitv± purato purato tiµµhanti, bheravasaddañca karonti. Bhikkh³na½ t±ni r³p±ni passant±na½ tañca sadda½ suºant±na½ hadaya½ phandi, dubbaºº± ca ahesu½ uppaº¹upaº¹ukaj±t±. Tena te citta½ ekagga½ k±tu½ n±sakkhi½su. Tesa½ anekaggacitt±na½ bhayena ca punappuna½ sa½vigg±na½ sati sammussi. Tato nesa½ muµµhassat²na½ duggandh±ni ±rammaº±ni payojesu½. Tesa½ tena duggandhena nimmathiyam±namiva matthaluªga½ ahosi, b±¼h± s²savedan± uppajji½su, na ca ta½ pavatti½ aññamaññassa ±rocesu½.

Athekadivasa½ saªghattherassa upaµµh±nak±le sabbesu sannipatitesu saªghatthero pucchi– “tumh±ka½, ±vuso, ima½ vanasaº¹a½ paviµµh±na½ katip±ha½ ativiya parisuddho chavivaººo ahosi pariyod±to, vippasann±ni ca indriy±ni etarahi panattha kis± dubbaºº± uppaº¹upaº¹ukaj±t±, ki½ vo idha asapp±yan”ti? Tato eko bhikkhu ±ha– “aha½, bhante, ratti½ ²disañca ²disañca bherav±rammaºa½ pass±mi ca suº±mi ca, ²disañca gandha½ gh±y±mi, tena me citta½ na sam±dhiyat²”ti. Eteneva up±yena sabbe ta½ pavatti½ ±rocesu½. Saªghatthero ±ha– “bhagavat± ±vuso dve vass³pan±yik± paññatt±, amh±kañca ida½ sen±sana½ asapp±ya½, ±y±m±vuso bhagavato santika½, gantv± añña½ sapp±ya½ sen±sana½ pucch±m±”ti. “S±dhu bhante”ti te bhikkh³ therassa paµissuºitv± sabbe sen±sana½ sa½s±metv± pattac²varam±d±ya anupalittatt± kulesu kañci an±mantetv± eva yena s±vatthi tena c±rika½ pakkami½su. Anupubbena s±vatthi½ gantv± bhagavato santika½ agami½su.

Bhagav± te bhikkh³ disv± etadavoca– “na, bhikkhave, antovassa½ c±rik± caritabb±ti may± sikkh±pada½ paññatta½, kissa tumhe c±rika½ carath±”ti. Te bhagavato sabba½ ±rocesu½. Bhagav± ±vajjento sakalajambud²pe antamaso catupp±dap²µhakaµµh±namattampi tesa½ sapp±ya½ sen±sana½ n±ddasa. Atha te bhikkh³ ±ha– “na, bhikkhave, tumh±ka½ añña½ sapp±ya½ sen±sana½ atthi, tattheva tumhe viharant± ±savakkhaya½ p±puºeyy±tha. Gacchatha, bhikkhave, tameva sen±sana½ upaniss±ya viharatha. Sace pana devat±hi abhaya½ icchatha, ima½ paritta½ uggaºhatha, etañhi vo parittañca kammaµµh±nañca bhavissat²”ti ima½ suttamabh±si.

Apare pan±hu– “gacchatha, bhikkhave, tameva sen±sana½ upaniss±ya viharath±”ti idañca vatv± bhagav± ±ha– “apica kho ±raññakena pariharaºa½ ñ±tabba½. Seyyathida½– s±ya½p±ta½ karaºavasena dve mett±, dve paritt±, dve asubh±, dve maraºassat² aµµha mah±sa½vegavatthusam±vajjanañca. Aµµha mah±sa½vegavatth³ni n±ma j±ti jar± by±dhi maraºa½ catt±ri ap±yadukkh±n²ti Atha v± j±tijar±by±dhimaraº±ni catt±ri, ap±yadukkha½ pañcama½, at²te vaµµam³laka½ dukkha½, an±gate vaµµam³laka½ dukkha½, paccuppanne ±h±rapariyeµµhim³laka½ dukkhan”ti. Eva½ bhagav± pariharaºa½ ±cikkhitv± tesa½ bhikkh³na½ mettatthañca parittatthañca vipassan±p±dakajh±natthañca ima½ sutta½ abh±s²ti.

143. Tattha karaº²yamatthakusalen±ti imiss± paµhamag±th±ya t±va aya½ padavaººan±– karaº²yanti k±tabba½, karaº±rahanti attho. Atthoti paµipad±, ya½ v± kiñci attano hita½, ta½ sabba½ araº²yato atthoti vuccati, araº²yato n±ma upagantabbato. Atthe kusalena atthakusalena, atthacheken±ti vutta½ hoti. Yanti aniyamitapaccatta½. Nti niyamita-upayoga½. Ubhayampi v± ya½ tanti paccattavacana½. Santa½ padanti upayogavacana½. Tattha lakkhaºato santa½, pattabbato pada½, nibb±nasseta½ adhivacana½. Abhisamecc±ti abhisam±gantv±. Sakkot²ti sakko, samattho paµibaloti vutta½ hoti. Uj³ti ajjavayutto. Suµµhu uj³ti suhuju. Sukha½ vaco asminti suvaco. Ass±ti bhaveyya. Mud³ti maddavayutto. Na atim±n²ti anatim±n².

Aya½ panettha atthavaººan±– karaº²yamatthakusalena yanta santa½ pada½ abhisamecc±ti. Ettha t±va atthi karaº²ya½, atthi akaraº²ya½. Tattha saªkhepato sikkhattaya½ karaº²ya½, s²lavipatti, diµµhivipatti, ±c±ravipatti, ±j²vavipatt²ti evam±di akaraº²ya½. Tath± atthi atthakusalo, atthi anatthakusalo.

Tattha yo imasmi½ s±sane pabbajitv± na att±na½ samm± payojeti, khaº¹as²lo hoti, ekav²satividha½ anesana½ niss±ya j²vika½ kappeti. Seyyathida½– ve¼ud±na½, pattad±na½, pupphad±na½, phalad±na½, dantakaµµhad±na½, mukhodakad±na½, sin±nad±na½, cuººad±na½, mattik±d±na½, c±µukamyata½, muggas³pyata½, p±ribhaµuta½, jaªghapesaniya½, vejjakamma½, d³takamma½, pahiºagamana½, piº¹apaµipiº¹ad±n±nuppad±na½, vatthuvijja½, nakkhattavijja½, aªgavijjanti. Chabbidhe ca agocare carati Seyyathida½– vesiyagocare vidhav±thullakum±rikapaº¹akabhikkhunip±n±g±ragocareti. Sa½saµµho ca viharati r±j³hi r±jamah±mattehi titthiyehi titthiyas±vakehi ananulomikena gihisa½saggena. Y±ni v± pana t±ni kul±ni asaddh±ni appasann±ni anop±nabh³t±ni akkosakaparibh±sak±ni anatthak±m±ni ahita-aph±suka-ayogakkhemak±m±ni bhikkh³na½…pe… up±sik±na½, tath±r³p±ni kul±ni sevati bhajati payirup±sati. Aya½ anatthakusalo.

Yo pana imasmi½ s±sane pabbajitv± att±na½ samm± payojeti, anesana½ pah±ya catup±risuddhis²le patiµµh±tuk±mo saddh±s²sena p±timokkhasa½vara½, satis²sena indriyasa½vara½, v²riyas²sena ±j²vap±risuddhi½, paññ±s²sena paccayapaµisevana½ p³reti aya½ atthakusalo.

Yo v± satt±pattikkhandhasodhanavasena p±timokkhasa½vara½, chadv±re ghaµµit±rammaºesu abhijjh±d²na½ anuppattivasena indriyasa½vara½, anesanaparivajjanavasena viññupasatthabuddhabuddhas±vakavaººitapaccayapaµisevanena ca ±j²vap±risuddhi½, yath±vuttapaccavekkhaºavasena paccayapaµisevana½, catu-iriy±pathaparivattane s±tthak±d²na½ paccavekkhaºavasena sampajaññañca sodheti, ayampi atthakusalo.

Yo v± yath± ³sodaka½ paµicca sa½kiliµµha½ vattha½ pariyod±yati, ch±rika½ paµicca ±d±so, ukk±mukha½ paµicca j±tar³pa½, tath± ñ±ºa½ paµicca s²la½ vod±yat²ti ñatv± ñ±ºodakena dhovanto s²la½ pariyod±peti. Yath± ca kik² sakuºik± aº¹a½, camar²migo v±ladhi½, ekaputtik± n±r² piya½ ekaputtaka½, ekanayano puriso ta½ ekanayana½ rakkhati, tath± ativiya appamatto attano s²lakkhandha½ rakkhati, s±ya½p±ta½ paccavekkham±no aºumattampi vajja½ na passati, ayampi atthakusalo.

Yo v± pana avippaµis±rakaras²le patiµµh±ya kilesavikkhambhanapaµipada½ paggaºh±ti, ta½ paggahetv± kasiºaparikamma½ karoti, kasiºaparikamma½ katv± sam±pattiyo nibbatteti, ayampi atthakusalo. Yo v± pana sam±pattito vuµµh±ya saªkh±re sammasitv± arahatta½ p±puº±ti, aya½ atthakusal±na½ aggo.

Tattha ye ime y±va avippaµis±rakaras²le patiµµh±nena, y±va v± kilesavikkhambhanapaµipad±ya paggahaºena maggaphalena vaººit± atthakusal±, te imasmi½ atthe atthakusal±ti adhippet±. Tath±vidh± ca te bhikkh³. Tena bhagav± te bhikkh³ sandh±ya ekapuggal±dhiµµh±n±ya desan±ya “karaº²yamatthakusalen±”ti ±ha.

Tato “ki½ karaº²yan”ti tesa½ sañj±takaªkh±na½ ±ha “yanta santa½ pada½ abhisamecc±”ti. Ayamettha adhipp±yo– ta½ buddh±nubuddhehi vaººita½ santa½ nibb±napada½ paµivedhavasena abhisamecca viharituk±mena ya½ karaº²yanti. Ettha ca yanti imassa g±th±p±dassa ±dito vuttameva karaº²yanti. Adhik±rato anuvattati ta½ santa½ pada½ abhisamecc±ti. Aya½ pana yasm± s±vasesap±µho attho, tasm± “viharituk±men±”ti vuttanti veditabba½.

Atha v± santa½ pada½ abhisamecc±ti anussav±divasena lokiyapaññ±ya nibb±napada½ santanti ñatv± ta½ adhigantuk±mena yanta½ karaº²yanti adhik±rato anuvattati, ta½ karaº²yamatthakusalen±ti evampettha adhipp±yo veditabbo. Atha v± “karaº²yamatthakusalen±”ti vutte “kin”ti cintent±na½ ±ha “yanta santa½ pada½ abhisamecc±”ti. Tasseva½ adhipp±yo veditabbo– lokiyapaññ±ya santa½ pada½ abhisamecca ya½ karaº²ya½, tanti. Ya½ k±tabba½, ta½ karaº²ya½, karaº±rahameva tanti vutta½ hoti.