6. Par±bhavasuttavaººan±

Eva½ me sutanti par±bhavasutta½. K± uppatti? Maªgalasutta½ kira sutv± dev±na½ etadahosi– “bhagavat± maªgalasutte satt±na½ vu¹¹hiñca sotthiñca kathayam±nena eka½sena bhavo eva kathito, no par±bhavo. Handa d±ni yena satt± parih±yanti vinassanti, ta½ nesa½ par±bhavampi pucch±m±”ti. Atha maªgalasutta½ kathitadivasato dutiyadivase dasasahassacakkav±¼esu devat±yo par±bhavasutta½ sotuk±m± imasmi½ ekacakkav±¼e sannipatitv± ekav±laggakoµi-ok±samatte dasapi v²sampi ti½sampi catt±l²sampi paññ±sampi saµµhipi sattatipi as²tipi sukhumattabh±ve nimminitv± sabbadevam±rabrahm±no siriy± ca tejena ca adhigayha virocam±na½ paññattavarabuddh±sane nisinna½ bhagavanta½ pariv±retv± aµµha½su. Tato sakkena dev±namindena ±ºatto aññataro devaputto bhagavanta½ par±bhavapañha½ pucchi. Atha bhagav± pucch±vasena ima½ suttamabh±si.
Tattha “eva½ me sutan”ti-±di ±yasmat± ±nandena vutta½. “Par±bhavanta½ purisan”ti-±din± nayena ekantarik± g±th± devaputtena vutt±, “suvij±no bhava½ hot²”ti-±din± nayena ekantarik± eva avas±nag±th± ca bhagavat± vutt±, tadeta½ sabbampi samodh±netv± “par±bhavasuttan”ti vuccati. Tattha “eva½ me sutan”ti-±d²su ya½ vattabba½, ta½ sabba½ maªgalasuttavaººan±ya½ vakkh±ma.
91. Par±bhavanta½ purisanti-±d²su pana par±bhavantanti parih±yanta½ vinassanta½. Purisanti ya½kiñci satta½ jantu½. Maya½ pucch±ma gotam±ti sesadevehi saddhi½ att±na½ nidassetv± ok±sa½ k±rento so devaputto gottena bhagavanta½ ±lapati. Bhavanta½ puµµhum±gamm±ti mayañhi bhavanta½ pucchiss±m±ti tato tato cakkav±¼± ±gat±ti attho. Etena ±dara½ dasseti. Ki½ par±bhavato mukhanti eva½ ±gat±na½ amh±ka½ br³hi par±bhavato purisassa ki½ mukha½, ki½ dv±ra½, k± yoni, ki½ k±raºa½, yena maya½ par±bhavanta½ purisa½ j±neyy±m±ti attho. Etena “par±bhavanta½ purisan”ti ettha vuttassa par±bhavato purisassa par±bhavak±raºa½ pucchati. Par±bhavak±raºe hi ñ±te tena k±raºas±maññena sakk± yo koci par±bhavapuriso j±nitunti
92. Athassa bhagav± suµµhu p±kaµ²karaºattha½ paµipakkha½ dassetv± puggal±dhiµµh±n±ya desan±ya par±bhavamukha½ d²pento ±ha “suvij±no bhavan”ti. Tassattho– yv±ya½ bhava½ va¹¹hanto aparih±yanto puriso, so suvij±no hoti, sukhena akasirena akicchena sakk± vij±nitu½. Yop±ya½ par±bhavat²ti par±bhavo, parih±yati vinassati, yassa tumhe par±bhavato purisassa mukha½ ma½ pucchatha, sopi suvij±no. Katha½? Ayañhi dhammak±mo bhava½ hoti dasakusalakammapathadhamma½ k±meti, piheti, pattheti, suº±ti, paµipajjati, so ta½ paµipatti½ disv± sutv± ca j±nitabbato suvij±no hoti. Itaropi dhammadess² par±bhavo, tameva dhamma½ dessati, na k±meti, na piheti, na pattheti, na suº±ti, na paµipajjati, so ta½ vippaµipatti½ disv± sutv± ca j±nitabbato suvij±no hot²ti. Evamettha bhagav± paµipakkha½ dassento atthato dhammak±mata½ bhavato mukha½ dassetv± dhammadessita½ par±bhavato mukha½ dasset²ti veditabba½.
93. Atha s± devat± bhagavato bh±sita½ abhinandam±n± ±ha “iti hetan”ti. Tassattho– iti hi yath± vutto bhagavat±, tatheva eta½ vij±n±ma, gaºh±ma, dh±rema, paµhamo so par±bhavo so dhammadessit±lakkhaºo paµhamo par±bhavo. Y±ni maya½ par±bhavamukh±ni vij±nitu½ ±gatamh±, tesu ida½ t±va eka½ par±bhavamukhanti vutta½ hoti. Tattha viggaho, par±bhavanti eten±ti par±bhavo. Kena ca par±bhavanti? Ya½ par±bhavato mukha½, k±raºa½, tena. Byañjanamattena eva hi ettha n±n±karaºa½, atthato pana par±bhavoti v± par±bhavato mukhanti v± n±n±karaºa½ natthi. Evameka½ par±bhavato mukha½ vij±n±m±ti abhinanditv± tato para½ ñ±tuk±mat±y±ha “dutiya½ bhagav± br³hi, ki½ par±bhavato mukhan”ti. Ito parañca tatiya½ catutthanti-±d²supi imin±va nayenattho veditabbo.
94. By±karaºapakkhepi ca yasm± te te satt± tehi tehi par±bhavamukhehi samann±gat±, na ekoyeva sabbehi, na ca sabbe ekeneva, tasm± tesa½ tesa½ t±ni t±ni par±bhavamukh±ni dassetu½ “asantassa piy± hont²”ti-±din± nayena puggal±dhiµµh±n±ya eva desan±ya n±n±vidh±ni par±bhavamukh±ni by±k±s²ti veditabb±.
Tatr±ya½ saªkhepato atthavaººan±– asanto n±ma cha satth±ro, ye v± panaññepi av³pasantena k±yavac²manokammena samann±gat±, te asanto assapiy± honti sunakkhatt±d²na½ acelakakorakhattiy±dayo viya. Santo n±ma buddhapaccekabuddhas±vak±. Ye v± panaññepi v³pasantena k±yavac²manokammena samann±gat±, te sante na kurute piya½, attano piye iµµhe kante man±pe na kuruteti attho. Veneyyavasena hettha vacanabhedo katoti veditabbo. Atha v± sante na kuruteti sante na sevat²ti attho, yath± “r±j±na½ sevat²”ti etasmiñhi atthe r±j±na½ piya½ kuruteti saddavid³ mantenti. Piyanti piyam±no, tussam±no, modam±noti attho. Asata½ dhammo n±ma dv±saµµhi diµµhigat±ni, das±kusalakammapath± v±. Ta½ asata½ dhamma½ roceti, piheti, pattheti, sevati. Evamet±ya g±th±ya asantapiyat±, santa-appiyat±, asaddhammarocanañc±ti tividha½ par±bhavato mukha½ vutta½. Etena hi samann±gato puriso par±bhavati parih±yati, neva idha na hura½ vu¹¹hi½ p±puº±ti, tasm± “par±bhavato mukhan”ti vuccati. Vitth±ra½ panettha “asevan± ca b±l±na½, paº¹it±nañca sevan±”ti g±th±vaººan±ya½ vakkh±ma.
96. Nidd±s²l² n±ma yo gacchantopi, nis²dantopi, tiµµhantopi, say±nopi nidd±yatiyeva. Sabh±s²l² n±ma saªgaºik±r±mata½, bhass±r±matamanuyutto. Anuµµh±t±ti v²riyatejavirahito uµµh±nas²lo na hoti, aññehi codiyam±no gahaµµho v± sam±no gahaµµhakamma½ pabbajito v± pabbajitakamma½ ±rabhati. Alasoti j±ti-alaso, accant±bhibh³to thinena µhitaµµh±ne µhito eva hoti, nisinnaµµh±ne nisinno eva hoti, attano uss±hena añña½ iriy±patha½ na kappeti. At²te araññe aggimhi uµµhite apal±yana-alas± cettha nidassana½. Ayamettha ukkaµµhaparicchedo, tato l±makapariccheden±pi pana alaso alasotveva veditabbo. Dhajova rathassa, dh³mova aggino, kodho paññ±ºamass±ti kodhapaññ±ºo. Dosacarito khippakop² aruk³pamacitto puggalo evar³po hoti. Im±ya g±th±ya nidd±s²lat±, sabh±s²lat±, anuµµh±nat±, alasat±, kodhapaññ±ºat±ti pañcavidha½ par±bhavamukha½ vutta½. Etena hi samann±gato neva gahaµµho gahaµµhavu¹¹hi½, na pabbajito pabbajitavu¹¹hi½ p±puº±ti, aññadatthu parih±yatiyeva par±bhavatiyeva, tasm± “par±bhavato mukhan”ti vuccati.
98. M±t±ti janik± veditabb±. Pit±ti janakoyeva. Jiººaka½ sar²rasithilat±ya. Gatayobbana½ yobban±tikkamena ±s²tika½ v± n±vutika½ v± saya½ kamm±ni k±tumasamattha½. Pahu santoti samattho sam±no sukha½ j²vam±no. Na bharat²ti na poseti. Im±ya g±th±ya m±t±pit³na½ abharaºa½, aposana½, anupaµµh±na½ eka½yeva par±bhavamukha½ vutta½. Etena hi samann±gato ya½ ta½–
“T±ya na½ p±ricariy±ya, m±t±pit³su paº¹it±;
idheva na½ pasa½santi, pecca sagge pamodat²”ti. (Itivu. 106; a. ni. 4.63)–

M±t±pitubharaºe ±nisa½sa½ vutta½. Ta½ na p±puº±ti, aññadatthu “m±t±pitaropi na bharati, ka½ añña½ bharissat²”ti nindañca vajjan²yatañca duggatiñca p±puºanto par±bhavatiyeva, tasm± “par±bhavato mukhan”ti vuccati.

100. P±p±na½ b±hitatt± br±hmaºa½, samitatt± samaºa½. Br±hmaºakulappabhavampi v± br±hmaºa½, pabbajjupagata½ samaºa½, tato añña½ v±pi ya½kiñci y±canaka½. Mus±v±dena vañcet²ti “vada, bhante, paccayen±”ti pav±retv± y±cito v± paµij±nitv± pacch± appad±nena tassa ta½ ±sa½ visa½v±deti. Im±ya g±th±ya br±hmaº±d²na½ mus±v±dena vañcana½ eka½yeva par±bhavamukha½ vutta½. Etena hi samann±gato idha ninda½, sampar±ye duggati½ sugatiyampi adhipp±yavipattiñca p±puº±ti. Vuttañheta½–
“Duss²lassa s²lavipannassa p±pako kittisaddo abbhuggacchat²”ti (d². ni. 2.149; a. ni. 5.213; mah±va. 285).
Tath±–
“Cat³hi, bhikkhave, dhammehi samann±gato yath±bhata½ nikkhitto eva½ niraye. Katamehi cat³hi? Mus±v±d² hot²”ti-±di (a. ni. 4.82).
Tath±–
“Idha, s±riputta, ekacco samaºa½ v± br±hmaºa½ v± upasaªkamitv± pav±reti, ‘vada, bhante, paccayen±’ti, so yena pav±reti, ta½ na deti. So ce tato cuto itthatta½ ±gacchati. So ya½ yadeva vaºijja½ payojeti, s±ssa hoti chedag±min². Idha pana s±riputta…pe… so yena pav±reti, na ta½ yath±dhipp±ya½ deti. So ce tato cuto itthatta½ ±gacchati. So ya½ yadeva vaºijja½ payojeti, s±ssa na hoti yath±dhipp±y±”ti (a. ni. 4.79).
Evamim±ni nind±d²ni p±puºanto par±bhavatiyeva, tasm± “par±bhavato mukhan”ti vutta½.
102. Pah³tavittoti pah³taj±tar³parajatamaºiratano. Sahiraññoti sakah±paºo. Sabhojanoti anekas³pabyañjanabhojanasampanno. Eko bhuñjati s±d³n²ti s±d³ni bhojan±ni attano putt±nampi adatv± paµicchannok±se bhuñjat²ti eko bhuñjati s±d³ni. Im±ya g±th±ya bhojanagiddhat±ya bhojanamacchariya½ eka½yeva par±bhavamukha½ vutta½. Etena hi samann±gato ninda½ vajjan²ya½ duggatinti evam±d²ni p±puºanto par±bhavatiyeva, tasm± “par±bhavato mukhan”ti vutta½. Vuttanayeneva sabba½ sutt±nus±rena yojetabba½, ativitth±rabhayena pana id±ni yojan±naya½ adassetv± atthamattameva bhaº±ma.
104. J±titthaddho n±ma yo “aha½ j±tisampanno”ti m±na½ janetv± tena thaddho v±tap³ritabhast± viya uddhum±to hutv± na kassaci onamati. Esa nayo dhanagottatthaddhesu. Saññ±ti½ atimaññet²ti attano ñ±timpi j±tiy± atimaññati saky± viya viµaµ³bha½. Dhanen±pi ca “kapaºo aya½ daliddo”ti atimaññati, s±m²cimattampi na karoti, tassa te ñ±tayo par±bhavameva icchanti. Im±ya g±th±ya vatthuto catubbidha½, lakkhaºato eka½yeva par±bhavamukha½ vutta½.
106. Itthidhuttoti itth²su s±ratto, ya½kiñci atthi, ta½ sabbampi datv± apar±para½ itthi½ saªgaºh±ti. Tath± sabbampi attano santaka½ nikkhipitv± sur±p±napayutto sur±dhutto. Nivatthas±µakampi nikkhipitv± j³tak²¼anamanuyutto akkhadhutto. Etehi t²hi µh±nehi ya½kiñcipi laddha½ hoti, tassa vin±sanato laddha½ laddha½ vin±set²ti veditabbo. Eva½vidho par±bhavatiyeva, tenasseta½ im±ya g±th±ya tividha½ par±bhavamukha½ vutta½.
108. Sehi d±reh²ti attano d±rehi. Yo attano d±rehi asantuµµho hutv± vesiy±su padussati, tath± parad±resu, so yasm± ves²na½ dhanappad±nena parad±rasevanena ca r±jadaº¹±d²hi par±bhavatiyeva, tenasseta½ im±ya g±th±ya duvidha½ par±bhavamukha½ vutta½.
110. At²tayobbanoti yobbanamaticca ±s²tiko v± n±vutiko v± hutv± ±neti pariggaºh±ti. Timbarutthaninti timbaruphalasadisatthani½ taruºad±rika½. Tass± iss± na supat²ti “dahar±ya mahallakena saddhi½ rati ca sa½v±so ca aman±po, m± heva kho taruºa½ pattheyy±”ti iss±ya ta½ rakkhanto na supati. So yasm± k±mar±gena ca iss±ya ca ¹ayhanto bahiddh± kammante ca appayojento par±bhavatiyeva, tenasseta½ im±ya g±th±ya ima½ iss±ya asupana½ eka½yeva par±bhavamukha½ vutta½.
112. Soº¹inti macchama½s±d²su lola½ gedhaj±tika½. Vikiraºinti tesa½ atth±ya dhana½ pa½suka½ viya vikiritv± n±sanas²la½. Purisa½ v±pi t±disanti puriso v±pi yo evar³po hoti, ta½ yo issariyasmi½ µhapeti, lañchanamuddik±d²ni datv± ghar±v±se kammante v± vaºijj±divoh±resu v± tadeva v±vaµa½ k±reti. So yasm± tassa dosena dhanakkhaya½ p±puºanto par±bhavatiyeva, tenasseta½ im±ya g±th±ya tath±vidhassa issariyasmi½ µhapana½ eka½yeva par±bhavamukha½ vutta½.
114. Appabhogo n±ma sannicit±nañca bhog±na½ ±yamukhassa ca abh±vato. Mah±taºhoti mahatiy± bhogataºh±ya samann±gato, ya½ laddha½, tena asantuµµho. Khattiye j±yate kuleti khattiy±na½ kule j±yati. So ca rajja½ patthayat²ti so et±ya mah±taºhat±ya anup±yena uppaµip±µiy± attano d±yajjabh³ta½ alabbhaneyya½ v± parasantaka½ rajja½ pattheti, so eva½ patthento yasm± tampi appaka½ bhoga½ yodh±j²v±d²na½ datv± rajja½ ap±puºanto par±bhavatiyeva, tenasseta½ im±ya g±th±ya rajjapatthana½ eka½yeva par±bhavamukha½ vutta½.
115. Ito para½ yadi s± devat± “terasama½ bhagav± br³hi…pe… satasahassima½ bhagav± br³h²”ti puccheyya, tampi bhagav± katheyya. Yasm± pana s± devat± “ki½ imehi pucchitehi, ekamettha vu¹¹hikara½ natth²”ti t±ni par±bhavamukh±ni asuyyam±n± ettakampi pucchitv± vippaµis±r² hutv± tuºh² ahosi, tasm± bhagav± tass±saya½ viditv± desana½ niµµh±pento ima½ g±tha½ abh±si “ete par±bhave loke”ti.
Tattha paº¹itoti pariv²ma½s±ya samann±gato. Samavekkhiy±ti paññ±cakkhun± upaparikkhitv±. Ariyoti na maggena, na phalena, apica kho, pana etasmi½ par±bhavasaªkh±te anaye na iriyat²ti ariyo. Yena dassanena y±ya paññ±ya par±bhave disv± vivajjeti, tena sampannatt± dassanasampanno. Sa loka½ bhajate sivanti so evar³po siva½ khemamuttamamanupaddava½ devaloka½ bhajati, all²yati, upagacchat²ti vutta½ hoti. Desan±pariyos±ne par±bhavamukh±ni sutv± uppannasa½veg±nur³pa½ yoniso padahitv± sot±pattisakad±g±mi-an±g±miphal±ni patt± devat± gaºana½ v²tivatt±. Yath±ha–
“Mah±samayasutte ca, atho maªgalasuttake;
samacitte r±hulov±de, dhammacakke par±bhave.
“Devat±samit² tattha, appameyy± asaªkhiy±;
dhamm±bhisamayo cettha, gaºan±to asaªkhiyo”ti.

Paramatthajotik±ya khuddaka-aµµhakath±ya

Suttanip±ta-aµµhakath±ya par±bhavasuttavaººan± niµµhit±.