5. Cundasuttavaººan±

83. Pucch±mi muni½ pah³tapaññanti cundasutta½. K± uppatti? Saªkhepato t±va attajjh±sayaparajjh±saya-aµµhuppattipucch±vasikabhedato cat³su uppatt²su imassa suttassa pucch±vasik± uppatti. Vitth±rato pana eka½ samaya½ bhagav± mallesu c±rika½ caram±no mahat± bhikkhusaªghena saddhi½ yena p±v± tadavasari. Tatra suda½ bhagav± p±v±ya½ viharati cundassa kamm±raputtassa ambavane. Ito pabhuti y±va “atha kho bhagav± pubbaºhasamaya½ niv±setv± pattac²varam±d±ya saddhi½ bhikkhusaªghena yena cundassa kamm±raputtassa nivesana½ tenupasaªkami; upasaªkamitv± paññatte ±sane nis²d²”ti (d². ni. 2.189), t±va sutte ±gatanayeneva vitth±retabba½.

Eva½ bhikkhusaªghena saddhi½ nisinne bhagavati cundo kamm±raputto buddhappamukha½ bhikkhusaªgha½ parivisanto byañjanas³p±digahaºattha½ bhikkh³na½ suvaººabh±jan±ni upan±mesi. Apaññatte sikkh±pade keci bhikkh³ suvaººabh±jan±ni paµicchi½su keci na paµicchi½su. Bhagavato pana ekameva bh±jana½ attano selamaya½ patta½, dutiyabh±jana½ buddh± na gaºhanti. Tattha aññataro p±pabhikkhu sahassagghanaka½ suvaººabh±jana½ attano bhojanatth±ya sampatta½ theyyacittena kuñcikatthavik±ya pakkhipi. Cundo parivisitv± hatthap±da½ dhovitv± bhagavanta½ namassam±no bhikkhusaªgha½ olokento ta½ bhikkhu½ addasa, disv± ca pana apassam±no viya hutv± na na½ kiñci abhaºi bhagavati theresu ca g±ravena, apica “micch±diµµhik±na½ vacanapatho m± ahos²”ti. So “ki½ nu kho sa½varayutt±yeva samaº±, ud±hu bhinnasa½var± ²dis±pi samaº±”ti ñ±tuk±mo s±yanhasamaye bhagavanta½ upasaªkamitv± ±ha “pucch±mi munin”ti.

Tattha pucch±m²ti ida½ “tisso pucch± adiµµhajotan± pucch±”ti-±din± (c³¼ani. puººakam±ºavapucch±niddesa 12) nayena niddese vuttanayameva. Muninti etampi “mona½ vuccati ñ±ºa½. Y± paññ± paj±nan±…pe… samm±diµµhi, tena ñ±ºena samann±gato muni, monappattoti, t²ºi moneyy±ni k±yamoneyyan”ti-±din± (mah±ni. 14) nayena tattheva vuttanayameva Ayampanettha saªkhepo. Pucch±m²ti ok±sa½ k±rento muninti munimuni½ bhagavanta½ ±lapati. Pah³tapaññanti-±d²ni thutivacan±ni, tehi ta½ muni½ thun±ti. Tattha pah³tapaññanti vipulapañña½. Ñeyyapariyantikatt± cassa vipulat± veditabb±. Iti cundo kamm±raputtoti ida½ dvaya½ dhaniyasutte vuttanayameva. Ito para½ pana ettakampi avatv± sabba½ vuttanaya½ cha¹¹etv± avuttanayameva vaººayiss±ma.

Buddhanti t²su buddhesu tatiyabuddha½. Dhammass±minti maggadhammassa janakatt± puttasseva pitara½ attan± upp±ditasipp±yatan±d²na½ viya ca ±cariya½ dhammassa s±mi½, dhammissara½ dhammar±ja½ dhammavasavattinti attho. Vuttampi ceta½–

“So hi, br±hmaºa, bhagav± anuppannassa maggassa upp±det±, asañj±tassa maggassa sañjanet±, anakkh±tassa maggassa akkh±t±, maggaññ³, maggavid³, maggakovido. Magg±nug± ca pana etarahi s±vak± viharanti pacch± samann±gat±”ti (ma. ni. 3.79).

V²tataºhanti vigatak±mabhavavibhavataºha½. Dvipaduttamanti dvipad±na½ uttama½. Tattha kiñc±pi bhagav± na kevala½ dvipaduttamo eva, atha kho y±vat± satt± apad± v± dvipad± v±…pe… nevasaññ²n±saññino v±, tesa½ sabbesa½ uttamo. Atha kho ukkaµµhaparicchedavasena dvipaduttamotveva vuccati. Dvipad± hi sabbasatt±na½ ukkaµµh± cakkavattimah±s±vakapaccekabuddh±na½ tattha uppattito, tesañca uttamoti vutte sabbasattuttamoti vuttoyeva hoti. S±rath²na½ pavaranti s±ret²ti s±rathi, hatthidamak±d²nameta½ adhivacana½. Tesañca bhagav± pavaro anuttarena damanena purisadamme dametu½ samatthabh±vato. Yath±ha–

“Hatthidamakena, bhikkhave, hatthidammo s±rito eka½ eva disa½ dh±vati puratthima½ v± pacchima½ v± uttara½ v± dakkhiºa½ v±. Assadamakena, bhikkhave, assadammo…pe… godamakena, bhikkhave, godammo…pe… dakkhiºa½ v±. Tath±gatena hi, bhikkhave, arahat± samm±sambuddhena purisadammo s±rito aµµha dis± vidh±vati, r³p² r³p±ni passati, ayamek± dis±…pe… saññ±vedayitanirodha½ upasampajja viharati, aya½ aµµham² dis±”ti (ma. ni. 3.312).
Kat²ti atthappabhedapucch±. Loketi sattaloke. Samaº±ti pucchitabba-atthanidassana½. Iªgh±ti y±canatthe nip±to. Tadiªgh±ti te iªgha. Br³h²ti ±cikkha kathayass³ti.

84. Eva½ vutte bhagav± cunda½ kamm±raputta½ “ki½, bhante, kusala½, ki½ akusalan”ti-±din± (ma. ni. 3.296) nayena gihipañha½ apucchitv± samaºapañha½ pucchanta½ disv± ±vajjento “ta½ p±pabhikkhu½ sandh±ya aya½ pucchat²”ti ñatv± tassa aññatra voh±ramatt± assamaºabh±va½ d²pento ±ha “caturo samaº±”ti. Tattha caturoti saªkhy±paricchedo. Samaº±ti kad±ci bhagav± titthiye samaºav±dena vadati; yath±ha– “y±ni t±ni puthusamaºabr±hmaº±na½ vatakot³halamaªgal±n²”ti (ma. ni. 1.407). Kad±ci puthujjane; yath±ha– “samaº± samaº±ti kho, bhikkhave, jano sañj±n±t²”ti (ma. ni. 1.435). Kad±ci sekkhe; yath±ha– “idheva, bhikkhave, samaºo, idha dutiyo samaºo”ti (ma. ni. 1.139; d². ni. 2.214; a. ni. 4.241). Kad±ci kh²º±save; yath±ha– “±sav±na½ khay± samaºo hot²”ti (ma. ni. 1.438). Kad±ci att±na½yeva; yath±ha– “samaºoti kho, bhikkhave, tath±gatasseta½ adhivacanan”ti (a. ni. 8.85). Idha pana t²hi padehi sabbepi ariye s²lavanta½ puthujjanañca catutthena itara½ assamaºampi bhaº¹u½ k±s±vakaºµha½ kevala½ voh±ramattakena samaºoti saªgaºhitv± “caturo samaº±”ti ±ha. Na pañcamatth²ti imasmi½ dhammavinaye voh±ramattakena paµiññ±mattaken±pi pañcamo samaºo n±ma natthi.

Te te ±vikarom²ti te caturo samaºe tava p±kaµe karomi. Sakkhipuµµhoti sammukh± pucchito. Maggajinoti maggena sabbakilese vijit±v²ti attho. Maggadesakoti paresa½ magga½ deset±. Magge j²vat²ti sattasu sekkhesu yo koci sekkho apariyositamaggav±satt± lokuttare, s²lavantaputhujjano ca lokiye magge j²vati n±ma, s²lavantaputhujjano v± lokuttaramagganimitta½ j²vanatopi magge j²vat²ti veditabbo. Yo ca maggad³s²ti yo ca duss²lo micch±diµµhi maggapaµilom±ya paµipattiy± maggad³sakoti attho.

85. “Ime te caturo samaº±”ti eva½ bhagavat± saªkhepena uddiµµhe caturo samaºe “aya½ n±mettha maggajino, aya½ maggadesako, aya½ magge j²vati, aya½ maggad³s²”ti eva½ paµivijjhitu½ asakkonto puna pucchitu½ cundo ±ha “ka½ maggajinan”ti. Tattha magge j²vati meti yo so magge j²vati, ta½ me br³hi puµµhoti. Sesa½ p±kaµameva.

86. Id±nissa bhagav± caturopi samaºe cat³hi g±th±hi niddisanto ±ha “yo tiººakatha½katho visallo”ti. Tattha tiººakatha½katho visalloti eta½ uragasutte vuttanayameva. Aya½ pana viseso. Yasm± im±ya g±th±ya maggajinoti buddhasamaºo adhippeto, tasm± sabbaññutaññ±ºena katha½kath±patir³pakassa sabbadhammesu aññ±ºassa tiººatt±pi “tiººakatha½katho”ti veditabbo. Pubbe vuttanayena hi tiººakatha½kath±pi sot±pann±dayo paccekabuddhapariyos±n± sakad±g±mivisay±d²su buddhavisayapariyos±nesu paµihatañ±ºappabh±vatt± pariy±yena atiººakatha½kath±va honti. Bhagav± pana sabbappak±rena tiººakatha½kathoti. Nibb±n±bhiratoti nibb±ne abhirato, phalasam±pattivasena sad± nibb±naninnacittoti attho. T±diso ca bhagav±. Yath±ha–

“So kho aha½, aggivessana, tass± eva kath±ya pariyos±ne, tasmi½yeva purimasmi½ sam±dhinimitte ajjhattameva citta½ saºµhapemi, sannis±demi, ekodi½ karomi, sam±dah±m²”ti (ma. ni. 1.387).

An±nugiddhoti kañci dhamma½ taºh±gedhena ananugijjhanto. Lokassa sadevakassa net±ti ±say±nusay±nulomena dhamma½ desetv± p±r±yanamah±samay±d²su anekesu suttantesu aparim±º±na½ devamanuss±na½ saccapaµivedhasamp±danena sadevakassa lokassa net±, gamayit±, t±ret±, p±ra½ samp±pet±ti attho. T±dinti t±disa½ yath±vuttappak±ralokadhammehi nibbik±ranti attho. Sesamettha p±kaµameva.

87. Eva½ bhagav± im±ya g±th±ya “maggajinan”ti buddhasamaºa½ niddisitv± id±ni kh²º±savasamaºa½ niddisanto ±ha “parama½ paramant²”ti. Tattha parama½ n±ma nibb±na½, sabbadhamm±na½ agga½ uttamanti attho. Paramanti yodha ñatv±ti ta½ parama½ paramamicceva yo idha s±sane ñatv± paccavekkhaºañ±ºena. Akkh±ti vibhajate idheva dhammanti nibb±nadhamma½ akkh±ti, attan± paµividdhatt± paresa½ p±kaµa½ karoti “ida½ nibb±nan”ti, maggadhamma½ vibhajati “ime catt±ro satipaµµh±n±…pe… ariyo aµµhaªgiko maggo”ti. Ubhayampi v± ugghaµitaññ³na½ saªkhepadesan±ya ±cikkhati, vipañcitaññ³na½ vitth±radesan±ya vibhajati. Eva½ ±cikkhanto vibhajanto ca “idheva s±sane aya½ dhammo, na ito bahiddh±”ti s²han±da½ nadanto akkh±ti ca vibhajati ca. Tena vutta½ “akkh±ti vibhajate idheva dhamman”ti. Ta½ kaªkhachida½ muni½ anejanti ta½ evar³pa½ catusaccapaµivedhena attano, desan±ya ca paresa½ kaªkhacchedanena kaªkhacchida½ moneyyasamann±gamena muni½, ej±saªkh±t±ya taºh±ya abh±vato aneja½ dutiya½ bhikkhunam±hu maggadesinti.

88. Eva½ im±ya g±th±ya saya½ anuttara½ magga½ upp±detv± desan±ya anuttaro maggades² sam±nopi d³tamiva lekhav±cakamiva ca rañño attano s±sanahara½ s±sanajotakañca “maggadesin”ti kh²º±savasamaºa½ niddisitv± id±ni sekkhasamaºañca s²lavantaputhujjanasamaºañca niddisanto ±ha “yo dhammapade”ti. Tattha padavaººan± p±kaµ±yeva. Aya½ panettha atthavaººan±– yo nibb±nadhammassa padatt± dhammapade, ubho ante anupagamma desitatt± ±say±nur³pato v± satipaµµh±n±din±nappak±rehi desitatt± sudesite, maggasamaªg²pi anavasitamaggakiccatt± magge j²vati, s²lasa½yamena saññato, k±y±d²su s³paµµhit±ya cirakat±disaraº±ya v± satiy± satim±, aºumattass±pi vajjassa abh±vato anavajjatt±, koµµh±sabh±vena ca padatt± sattati½sabodhipakkhiyadhammasaªkh±t±ni anavajjapad±ni bhaªgañ±ºato pabhuti bh±van±sevan±ya sevam±no, ta½ bhikkhuna½ tatiya½ maggaj²vinti ±h³ti.

89. Eva½ bhagav± im±ya g±th±ya “maggaj²vin”ti sekkhasamaºa½ s²lavantaputhujjanasamaºañca niddisitv± id±ni ta½ bhaº¹u½ k±s±vakaºµha½ kevala½ voh±ramattasamaºa½ niddisanto ±ha “chadana½ katv±n±”ti. Tattha chadana½ katv±n±ti patir³pa½ karitv±, vesa½ gahetv±, liªga½ dh±retv±ti attho. Subbat±nanti buddhapaccekabuddhas±vak±na½. Tesañhi sundar±ni vat±ni, tasm± te subbat±ti vuccanti. Pakkhand²ti pakkhandako, anto pavisakoti attho. Duss²lo hi g³thapaµicch±danattha½ tiºapaºº±dicchadana½ viya attano duss²labh±va½ paµicch±danattha½ subbat±na½ chadana½ katv± “ahampi bhikkh³”ti bhikkhumajjhe pakkhandati, “ettakavassena bhikkhun± gahetabba½ etan”ti l±bhe d²yam±ne “aha½ ettakavasso”ti gaºhitu½ pakkhandati, tena vuccati “chadana½ katv±na subbat±na½ pakkhand²”ti. Catunnampi khattiy±dikul±na½ uppanna½ pas±da½ ananur³papaµipattiy± d³set²ti kulad³sako. Pagabbhoti aµµhaµµh±nena k±yap±gabbhiyena, catuµµh±nena vac²p±gabbhiyena, anekaµµh±nena manop±gabbhiyena ca samann±gatoti attho. Ayamettha saªkhepo, vitth±ra½ pana mettasuttavaººan±ya½ vakkh±ma.

Katapaµicch±danalakkhaº±ya m±y±ya samann±gatatt± m±y±v². S²lasa½yam±bh±vena asaññato. Pal±pasadisatt± pal±po. Yath± hi pal±po anto taº¹ularahitopi bahi thusena v²hi viya dissati, evamidhekacco anto s²l±diguºas±ravirahitopi bahi subbatacchadanena samaºavesena samaºo viya dissati. So eva½ pal±pasadisatt± “pal±po”ti vuccati. ¾n±p±nassatisutte pana “apal±p±ya½, bhikkhave, paris±, nippal±p±ya½, bhikkhave, paris±, suddh± s±re patiµµhit±”ti (ma. ni. 3.146) eva½ puthujjanakaly±ºopi “pal±po”ti vutto Idha pana kapilasutte ca “tato pal±pe v±hetha, assamaºe samaºam±nine”ti (su. ni. 284) eva½ par±jitako “pal±po”ti vutto. Patir³pena cara½ samaggad³s²ti ta½ subbat±na½ chadana½ katv± yath± caranta½ “±raññiko aya½ rukkham³liko, pa½suk³liko, piº¹ap±tiko, appiccho, santuµµho”ti jano j±n±ti, eva½ patir³pena yuttar³pena b±hiramaµµhena ±c±rena caranto puggalo attano lokuttaramaggassa, paresa½ sugatimaggassa ca d³sanato “maggad³s²”ti veditabbo.

90. Eva½ im±ya g±th±ya “maggad³s²”ti duss²la½ voh±ramattakasamaºa½ niddisitv± id±ni tesa½ aññamañña½ aby±miss²bh±va½ d²pento ±ha “ete ca paµivijjh²”ti. Tassattho– ete caturo samaºe yath±vuttena lakkhaºena paµivijjhi aññ±si sacch±k±si yo gahaµµho khattiyo v± br±hmaºo v± añño v± koci, imesa½ catunna½ samaº±na½ lakkhaºassavanamattena sutav±, tasseva lakkhaºassa ariy±na½ santike sutatt± ariyas±vako, teyeva samaºe “ayañca ayañca eva½lakkhaºo”ti paj±nanamattena sappañño, y±diso aya½ pacch± vutto maggad³s², itarepi sabbe net±dis±ti ñatv± iti disv± eva½ p±pa½ karontampi eta½ p±pabhikkhu½ disv±. Tatth±ya½ yojan±– ete ca paµivijjhi yo gahaµµho sutav± ariyas±vako sappañño, tassa t±ya paññ±ya sabbe “net±dis±”ti ñatv± viharato iti disv± na h±peti saddh±, eva½ p±pakamma½ karonta½ p±pabhikkhu½ disv±pi na h±peti, na h±yati, na nassati saddh±ti.

Eva½ im±ya g±th±ya tesa½ aby±miss²bh±va½ d²petv± id±ni iti disv±pi “sabbe net±dis±”ti j±nanta½ ariyas±vaka½ pasa½santo ±ha “kathañhi duµµhen±”ti. Tassa sambandho– etadeva ca yutta½ sutavato ariyas±vakassa, yadida½ ekacca½ p±pa½ karonta½ iti disv±pi sabbe “net±dis±”ti j±nana½. Ki½ k±raº±? Kathañhi duµµhena asampaduµµha½, suddha½ asuddhena sama½ kareyy±ti? Tassattho– kathañhi sutav± ariyas±vako sappañño, s²lavipattiy± duµµhena maggad³sin± aduµµha½ itara½ samaºattaya½, suddha½ samaºattayameva½ aparisuddhak±yasam±c±rat±d²hi asuddhena pacchimena voh±ramattakasamaºena sama½ kareyya sadisanti j±neyy±ti. Suttapariyos±ne up±sakassa maggo v± phala½ v± na kathita½. Kaªkh±mattameva hi tassa pah²nanti.

Paramatthajotik±ya khuddaka-aµµhakath±ya

Suttanip±ta-aµµhakath±ya cundasuttavaººan± niµµhit±.