4. Kasibh±radv±jasuttavaººan±

Eva½ me sutanti kasibh±radv±jasutta½. K± uppatti? Bhagav± magadhesu viharanto dakkhiº±girismi½ ekan±l±ya½ br±hmaºag±me purebhattakicca½ pacch±bhattakiccanti imesu dv²su buddhakiccesu purebhattakicca½ niµµh±petv± pacch±bhattakicc±vas±ne buddhacakkhun± loka½ volokento kasibh±radv±ja½ br±hmaºa½ arahattassa upanissayasampanna½ disv± “tattha mayi gate yath± pavattissati, tato kath±vas±ne dhammadesana½ sutv± esa br±hmaºo pabbajitv± arahatta½ p±puºissat²”ti ca ñatv±, tattha gantv±, katha½ samuµµh±petv±, ima½ sutta½ abh±si.

Tattha siy± “katama½ buddh±na½ purebhattakicca½, katama½ pacch±bhattakiccan”ti? Vuccate– buddho bhagav± p±to eva uµµh±ya upaµµh±k±nuggahattha½ sar²raph±sukatthañca mukhadhovan±disar²raparikamma½ katv± y±va bhikkh±c±ravel±, t±va vivitt±sane v²tin±metv±, bhikkh±c±ravel±ya niv±setv±, k±yabandhana½ bandhitv±, c²vara½ p±rupitv±, pattam±d±ya kad±ci ekakova kad±ci bhikkhusaªghaparivuto g±ma½ v± nigama½ v± piº¹±ya pavisati, kad±ci pakatiy±, kad±ci anekehi p±µih±riyehi vattam±nehi. Seyyathida½– piº¹±ya pavisato lokan±thassa purato purato gantv± mudugatiyo v±t± pathavi½ sodhenti; val±hak± udakaphusit±ni muñcant± magge reºu½ v³pasametv± upari vit±na½ hutv± tiµµhanti. Apare v±t± pupph±ni upasa½haritv± magge okiranti, unnat± bh³mippades± onamanti, onat± unnamanti, p±danikkhepasamaye sam±va bh³mi hoti, sukhasamphass±ni rathacakkamatt±ni padumapupph±ni v± p±de sampaµicchanti, indakh²lassa anto µhapitamatte dakkhiºap±de sar²r± chabbaººarasmiyo niccharitv± suvaººarasapiñjar±ni viya citrapaµaparikkhitt±ni viya ca p±s±dak³µ±g±r±d²ni karontiyo ito cito ca vidh±vanti, hatthi-assavihaªg±dayo sakasakaµµh±nesu µhit±yeva madhuren±k±rena sadda½ karonti, tath± bheriv²º±d²ni t³riy±ni manuss±na½ k±y³pag±ni ca ±bharaº±ni, tena saññ±ºena manuss± j±nanti “ajja bhagav± idha piº¹±ya paviµµho”ti. Te sunivatth± sup±rut± gandhapupph±d²ni ±d±ya ghar± nikkhamitv± antarav²thi½ paµipajjitv± bhagavanta½ gandhapupph±d²hi sakkacca½ p³jetv± vanditv±– “amh±ka½ bhante, dasa bhikkh³, amh±ka½ v²sati, amh±ka½ bhikkhusata½ deth±”ti y±citv± bhagavatopi patta½ gahetv±, ±sana½ paññ±petv± sakkacca½ piº¹ap±tena paµim±nenti.

Bhagav± katabhattakicco tesa½ sant±n±ni oloketv± tath± dhamma½ deseti, yath± keci saraºagamane patiµµhahanti, keci pañcasu s²lesu, keci sot±pattisakad±g±mi-an±g±miphal±na½ aññatarasmi½, keci pabbajitv± aggaphale arahatteti. Eva½ tath± tath± jana½ anuggahetv± uµµh±y±san± vih±ra½ gacchati. Tattha maº¹alam±¼e paññattavarabuddh±sane nis²dati bhikkh³na½ bhattakiccapariyos±na½ ±gamayam±no. Tato bhikkh³na½ bhattakiccapariyos±ne upaµµh±ko bhagavato nivedeti. Atha bhagav± gandhakuµi½ pavisati. Ida½ t±va purebhattakicca½. Yañcettha na vutta½, ta½ brahm±yusutte vuttanayeneva gahetabba½.

Atha bhagav± eva½ katapurebhattakicco gandhakuµiy± upaµµh±ne nis²ditv±, p±de pakkh±letv±, p±dap²µhe µhatv±, bhikkhusaªgha½ ovadati– “bhikkhave, appam±dena samp±detha, buddhupp±do dullabho lokasmi½, manussapaµil±bho dullabho, saddh±sampatti dullabh±, pabbajj± dullabh±, saddhammassavana½ dullabha½ lokasmin”ti. Tato bhikkh³ bhagavanta½ vanditv± kammaµµh±na½ pucchanti. Atha bhagav± bhikkh³na½ cariyavasena kammaµµh±na½ deti. Te kammaµµh±na½ uggahetv±, bhagavanta½ abhiv±detv±, attano attano vasanaµµh±na½ gacchanti; keci arañña½, keci rukkham³la½, keci pabbat±d²na½ aññatara½, keci c±tumah±r±jikabhavana½…pe… keci vasavattibhavananti. Tato bhagav± gandhakuµi½ pavisitv± sace ±kaªkhati, dakkhiºena passena sato sampaj±no muhutta½ s²haseyya½ kappeti. Atha samass±sitak±yo uµµhahitv± dutiyabh±ge loka½ voloketi. Tatiyabh±ge ya½ g±ma½ v± nigama½ v± upaniss±ya viharati, tattha jano purebhatta½ d±na½ datv± pacch±bhatta½ sunivattho sup±ruto gandhapupph±d²ni ±d±ya vih±re sannipatati. Tato bhagav± sampattaparis±ya anur³pena p±µih±riyena gantv± dhammasabh±ya½ paññattavarabuddh±sane nisajja dhamma½ deseti k±layutta½ pam±ºayutta½. Atha k±la½ viditv± parisa½ uyyojeti.

Tato sace gatt±ni osiñcituk±mo hoti. Atha buddh±san± uµµh±ya upaµµh±kena udakapaµiy±ditok±sa½ gantv±, upaµµh±kahatthato udakas±µika½ gahetv±, nh±nakoµµhaka½ pavisati. Upaµµh±kopi buddh±sana½ ±netv± gandhakuµipariveºe paññ±peti. Bhagav± gatt±ni osiñcitv±, surattadupaµµa½ niv±setv± k±yabandhana½ bandhitv±, uttar±saªga½ katv±, tattha ±gantv±, nis²dati ekakova muhutta½ paµisall²no. Atha bhikkh³ tato tato ±gamma bhagavato upaµµh±na½ gacchanti. Tattha ekacce pañha½ pucchanti, ekacce kammaµµh±na½, ekacce dhammassavana½ y±canti. Bhagav± tesa½ adhipp±ya½ samp±dento paµhama½ y±ma½ v²tin±meti.

Majjhimay±me sakaladasasahassilokadh±tudevat±yo ok±sa½ labham±n± bhagavanta½ upasaªkamitv± pañha½ pucchanti yath±bhisaªkhata½ antamaso caturakkharampi. Bhagav± t±sa½ devat±na½ pañha½ vissajjento majjhimay±ma½ v²tin±meti. Tato pacchimay±ma½ catt±ro bh±ge katv± eka½ bh±ga½ caªkama½ adhiµµh±ti, dutiyabh±ga½ gandhakuµi½ pavisitv± dakkhiºena passena sato sampaj±no s²haseyya½ kappeti, tatiyabh±ga½ phalasam±pattiy± v²tin±meti, catutthabh±ga½ mah±karuº±sam±patti½ pavisitv± buddhacakkhun± loka½ voloketi apparajakkhamah±rajakkh±disattadassanattha½. Ida½ pacch±bhattakicca½.

Evamimassa pacch±bhattakiccassa lokavolokanasaªkh±te catutthabh±g±vas±ne buddhadhammasaªghesu d±nas²la-uposathakamm±d²su ca akat±dhik±re kat±dhik±re ca anupanissayasampanne upanissayasampanne ca satte passitu½ buddhacakkhun± loka½ volokento kasibh±radv±ja½ br±hmaºa½ arahattassa upanissayasampanna½ disv± “tattha mayi gate kath± pavattissati, tato kath±vas±ne dhammadesana½ sutv± esa br±hmaºo pabbajitv± arahatta½ p±puºissat²”ti ca ñatv±, tattha gantv±, katha½ samuµµh±petv± ima½ suttamabh±si.

Tattha eva½ me sutanti-±di ±yasmat± ±nandena paµhamamah±saªg²tik±le dhammasaªg²ti½ karontena ±yasmat± mah±kassapattherena puµµhena pañcanna½ arahantasat±na½ vutta½, “aha½, kho, samaºa kas±mi ca vap±mi c±”ti kasibh±radv±jena vutta½, “ahampi kho br±hmaºa kas±mi ca vap±mi c±”ti-±di bhagavat± vutta½. Tadeta½ sabbampi samodh±netv± “kasibh±radv±jasuttan”ti vuccati.

Tattha evanti aya½ ±k±ranidassan±vadh±raºattho eva½-saddo. ¾k±ratthena hi etena etamattha½ d²peti– n±n±nayanipuºamanekajjh±sayasamuµµh±na½ atthabyañjanasampanna½ vividhap±µih±riya½ dhammatthadesan±paµivedhagambh²ra½ sabbasattehi sakasakabh±s±nur³pamupalakkhaºiyasabh±va½ tassa bhagavato vacana½, ta½ sabb±k±rena ko samattho viññ±tu½; atha, kho, “eva½ me suta½, may±pi eken±k±rena sutan”ti. Nidassanatthena “n±ha½ sayambh³, na may± ida½ sacchikatan”ti att±na½ parimocento “eva½ me suta½, may± eva½ sutan”ti id±ni vattabba½ sakalasutta½ nidasseti. Avadh±raºatthena “etadagga½, bhikkhave, mama s±vak±na½ bhikkh³na½ bahussut±na½ yadida½ ±nando, gatimant±na½, satimant±na½, dhitimant±na½, upaµµh±k±na½ yadida½ ±nando”ti (a. ni. 1.219-223) eva½ bhagavat± pasatthabh±v±nur³pa½ attano dh±raºabala½ dassento satt±na½ sotukamyata½ janeti “eva½ me suta½ tañca atthato v± byañjanato v± an³namanadhika½, evameva, na aññath± daµµhabban”ti. Me sutanti ettha may±saddattho me-saddo, sotadv±raviññ±ºattho sutasaddo. Tasm± eva½ me sutanti eva½ may± sotaviññ±ºapubbaªgam±ya viññ±ºav²thiy± upadh±ritanti vutta½ hoti.

Eka½ samayanti eka½ k±la½. Bhagav±ti bh±gyav±, bhaggav±, bhattav±ti vutta½ hoti. Magadhesu viharat²ti magadh± n±ma janapadino r±jakum±r±, tesa½ niv±so ekopi janapado ru¼h²saddena “magadh±”ti vuccati. Tasmi½ magadhesu janapade. Keci pana “yasm± cetiyar±j± mus±v±da½ bhaºitv± bh³mi½ pavisanto ‘m± gadha½ pavis±’ti vutto, yasm± v± ta½ r±j±na½ maggant± bh³mi½ khanant± puris± ‘m± gadha½ karoth±’ti vutt±, tasm± magadh±”ti evam±d²hi nayehi bahudh± papañcenti. Ya½ ruccati, ta½ gahetabbanti. Viharat²ti eka½ iriy±pathab±dhana½ aparena iriy±pathena vicchinditv± aparipatanta½ attabh±va½ harati, pavattet²ti vutta½ hoti. Dibbabrahma-ariyavih±rehi v± satt±na½ vividha½ hita½ harat²ti viharati. Harat²ti upasa½harati, upaneti, janeti, upp±det²ti vutta½ hoti. Tath± hi yad± satt± k±mesu vippaµipajjanti, tad± kira bhagav± dibbena vih±rena viharati tesa½ alobhakusalam³lupp±danattha½– “appeva n±ma ima½ paµipatti½ disv± ettha ruci½ upp±detv± k±mesu virajjeyyun”ti. Yad± pana issariyattha½ sattesu vippaµipajjanti, tad± brahmavih±rena viharati tesa½ adosakusalam³lupp±danattha½– “appeva n±ma ima½ paµipatti½ disv± ettha ruci½ upp±detv± adosena dosa½ v³pasameyyun”ti. Yad± pana pabbajit± dhamm±dhikaraºa½ vivadanti, tad± ariyavih±rena viharati tesa½ amohakusalam³lupp±danattha½– “appeva n±ma ima½ paµipatti½ disv± ettha ruci½ upp±detv± amohena moha½ v³pasameyyun”ti. Iriy±pathavih±rena pana na kad±ci na viharati ta½ vin± attabh±vapariharaº±bh±vatoti. Ayamettha saªkhepo, vitth±ra½ pana maªgalasuttavaººan±ya½ vakkh±ma.

Dakkhiº±girisminti yo so r±jagaha½ pariv±retv± µhito giri, tassa dakkhiºapasse janapado “dakkhiº±gir²”ti vuccati, tasmi½ janapadeti vutta½ hoti. Tattha vih±rass±pi tadeva n±ma½. Ekan±¼±ya½ br±hmaºag±meti ekan±¼±ti tassa g±massa n±ma½. Br±hmaº± cettha sambahul± paµivasanti, br±hmaºabhogo v± so, tasm± “br±hmaºag±mo”ti vuccati.

Tena kho pana samayen±ti ya½ samaya½ bhagav± apar±jitapallaªka½ ±bhujitv± anuttara½ samm±sambodhi½ abhisambujjhitv± pavattitavaradhammacakko magadharaµµhe ekan±¼a½ br±hmaºag±ma½ upaniss±ya dakkhiº±girimah±vih±re br±hmaºassa indriyaparip±ka½ ±gamayam±no viharati, tena samayena karaºabh³ten±ti vutta½ hoti. Kho pan±ti ida½ panettha nip±tadvaya½ padap³raºamatta½, adhik±rantaradassanattha½ v±ti daµµhabba½. Kasibh±radv±jassa br±hmaºass±ti so br±hmaºo kasiy± j²vati, bh±radv±joti cassa gotta½, tasm± eva½ vuccati. Pañcamatt±n²ti yath±– “bhojane mattaññ³”ti ettha mattasaddo pam±ºe vattati, evamidh±pi, tasm± pañcapam±º±ni an³n±ni anadhik±ni, pañcanaªgalasat±n²ti vutta½ hoti. Payutt±n²ti payojit±ni, balibadd±na½ khandhesu µhapetv± yuge yottehi yojit±ni hont²ti attho.

Vappak±leti vapanak±le, b²janikkhipak±leti vutta½ hoti. Tattha dve vapp±ni kalalavappañca, pa½suvappañca. Pa½suvappa½ idha adhippeta½. Tañca kho paµhamadivase maªgalavappa½. Tatth±ya½ upakaraºasampad±– t²ºi balibaddasahass±ni upaµµh±pit±ni honti, sabbesa½ suvaººamay±ni siªg±ni paµimukk±ni, rajatamay± khur±, sabbe setam±l±hi sabbagandhasugandhehi pañcaªgulikehi ca alaªkat± paripuººaªgapaccaªg± sabbalakkhaºasampann±, ekacce k±¼± añjanavaºº±yeva, ekacce set± phalikavaºº±, ekacce ratt± pav±¼avaºº±, ekacce kamm±s± mas±ragallavaºº±. Pañcasat± kassakapuris± sabbe ahatasetavatthanivatth± m±l±laªkat± dakkhiºa-a½sak³µesu µhapitapupphacumbaµak± harit±lamanosil±lañchanujjalitagattabh±g± dasa dasa naªgal± ekekagumb± hutv± gacchanti. Naªgal±na½ s²sañca yugañca patod± ca suvaººavinaddh±. Paµhamanaªgale aµµha balibadd± yutt±, sesesu catt±ro catt±ro, avases± kilantaparivattanattha½ ±n²t±. Ekekagumbe ekameka½ b²jasakaµa½ ekeko kasati, ekeko vapati.