Puna caparanti puna ca apara½ dhammaj±ta½. S²lav±ti ettha kenaµµhena s²la½? S²lanaµµhena s²la½. Kimida½ s²lana½ n±ma? Sam±dh±na½, k±yakamm±d²na½ sus²lyavasena avippakiººat±ti attho. Atha v± upadh±raºa½, jh±n±dikusal±na½ dhamm±na½ patiµµh±navasena ±dh±rabh±voti attho. Tasm± s²leti s²lat²ti v± s²la½. Aya½ t±va saddalakkhaºanayena s²lattho. Apare pana “siraµµho s²talaµµho s²laµµho sa½varaµµho”ti niruttinayena attha½ vaººenti. Tayida½ p±rip³rito atisayato v± s²la½ assa atth²ti s²lav±, s²lasampannoti attho.

Yath± ca s²lav± hoti s²lasampanno, ta½ dassetu½ “p±timokkhasa½varasa½vuto”ti-±dim±ha. Tattha p±timokkhanti sikkh±padas²la½. Tañhi yo na½ p±ti rakkhati, ta½ mokkheti moceti ±p±yik±d²hi dukkheh²ti p±timokkha½. Sa½varaºa½ sa½varo, k±yav±c±hi av²tikkamo. P±timokkhameva sa½varo p±timokkhasa½varo, tena sa½vuto pihitak±yav±coti p±timokkhasa½varasa½vuto, idamassa tasmi½ s²le patiµµhitabh±vaparid²pana½. Viharat²ti tadanur³pavih±rasamaªgibh±vaparid²pana½. ¾c±ragocarasampannoti heµµh± p±timokkhasa½varassa, upari vises±na½ yogassa ca upak±rakadhammaparid²pana½. Aºumattesu vajjesu bhayadass±v²ti p±timokkhas²lato acavanadhammat±parid²pana½. Sam±d±y±ti sikkh±pad±na½ anavasesato ±d±naparid²pana½. Sikkhat²ti sikkh±ya samaªgibh±vaparid²pana½. Sikkh±pades³ti sikkhitabbadhammaparid²pana½.

Aparo nayo– kiles±na½ balavabh±vato, p±pakiriy±ya sukarabh±vato, puññakiriy±ya ca dukkarabh±vato bahukkhattu½ ap±yesu patanas²loti p±t², puthujjano. Aniccat±ya v± bhav±d²su kammavegakkhitto ghaµ²yanta½ viya anavaµµh±nena paribbhamanato gamanas²loti p±t², maraºavasena v± tamhi tamhi sattanik±ye attabh±vassa patanas²loti v± p±t², sattasant±no cittameva v±. Ta½ p±tina½ sa½s±radukkhato mokkhet²ti p±timokkha½. Cittassa hi vimokkhena satto “vimutto”ti vuccati. Vuttañhi “cittavod±n± satt± visujjhant²”ti (sa½. ni. 3.100), “anup±d±ya ±savehi citta½ vimuttan”ti (mah±va. 28) ca.

Atha v± avijj±dihetun± sa½s±re patati gacchati pavattat²ti p±ti, “avijj±n²varaº±na½ satt±na½ taºh±sa½yojan±na½ sandh±vata½ sa½saratan”ti (sa½. ni. 2.124) hi vutta½. Tassa p±tino sattassa taºh±disa½kilesattayato mokkho eten±ti p±timokkho, “kaºµhek±lo”ti-±d²na½ viya sam±sasiddhi veditabb±.

Atha v± p±teti vinip±teti dukkheh²ti p±ti, citta½. Vuttañhi “cittena niyyat² loko, cittena parikassat²”ti (sa½. ni. 1.62). Tassa p±tino mokkho eten±ti p±timokkho. Patati v± etena ap±yadukkhe sa½s±radukkhe c±ti p±ti, taºh±disa½kiles±. Vuttañhi– “taºh± janeti purisa½ (sa½. ni. 1.55-57), taºh±dutiyo puriso”ti (itivu. 15, 105) c±di. Tato p±tito mokkhoti p±timokkho.

Atha v± patati etth±ti p±ti, cha ajjhattikab±hir±ni ±yatan±ni. Vuttañhi– “chasu loko samuppanno, chasu kubbati santhavan”ti (su. ni. 171). Tato cha ajjhattikab±hir±yatanasaªkh±tap±tito mokkhoti p±timokkho. Atha v± p±to vinip±to assa atth²ti p±t², sa½s±ro. Tato mokkhoti p±timokkho.

Atha v± sabbalok±dhipatibh±vato dhammissaro bhagav± pat²ti vuccati, muccati eten±ti mokkho. Patino mokkho tena paññattatt±ti patimokkho, patimokkho eva p±timokkho. Sabbaguº±na½ v± tamm³labh±vato uttamaµµhena pati ca, so yath±vuttaµµhena mokkho c±ti patimokkho, patimokkho eva p±timokkho. Tath± hi vutta½ “p±timokkhanti-±dimeta½ mukhametan”ti vitth±ro.

Atha v± paiti pak±re, at²ti accantatthe nip±to, tasm± pak±rehi accanta½ mokkhet²ti p±timokkha½. Idañhi s²la½ saya½ tadaªgavasena, sam±dhisahita½ paññ±sahitañca vikkhambhanavasena samucchedavasena ca accanta½ mokkheti mocet²ti p±timokkha½. Pati mokkhoti v± patimokkho, tamh± tamh± v²tikkamadosato pacceka½ mokkhoti attho. Patimokkho eva p±timokkho. Mokkhoti v± nibb±na½, tassa mokkhassa paµibimbabh³toti patimokkho. S²lasa½varo hi s³riyassa aruºuggamana½ viya nibb±nassa udayabh³to tappaµibh±go ca yath±raha½ sa½kilesanibb±panato. Patimokkho eva p±timokkho. Pativattati mokkheti dukkhanti v± patimokkha½, patimokkhameva p±timokkhanti eva½ t±vettha p±timokkhasaddassa attho veditabbo.

Sa½varati pidahati eten±ti sa½varo, p±timokkhameva sa½varo p±timokkhasa½varo. Atthato pana tato tato v²tikkamitabbato viratiyo cetan± ca. Tena p±timokkhasa½varena upeto samann±gato p±timokkhasa½varasa½vutoti vutto. Vuttañheta½ vibhaªge–

“Imin± p±timokkhasa½varena upeto hoti samupeto up±gato samup±gato upapanno samupapanno samann±gato, tena vuccati p±timokkhasa½varasa½vuto”ti (vibha. 511).

Viharat²ti iriy±pathavih±rena viharati ir²yati vattati.

¾c±ragocarasampannoti ve¼ud±n±dimicch±j²vassa k±yap±gabbhiy±d²nañca akaraºena sabbaso an±c±ra½ vajjetv± “k±yiko av²tikkamo v±casiko av²tikkamo k±yikav±casiko av²tikkamo”ti eva½ vuttabhikkhus±ruppa-±c±rasampattiy±, vesiy±di-agocara½ vajjetv± piº¹ap±t±di-attha½ upasaªkamitu½ yuttaµµh±nasaªkh±tena gocarena ca sampannatt± ±c±ragocarasampanno.

Apica yo bhikkhu satthari sag±ravo sappatisso sabrahmac±r²su sag±ravo sappatisso hirottappasampanno sunivattho sup±ruto p±s±dikena abhikkantena paµikkantena ±lokitena vilokitena samiñjitena pas±ritena iriy±pathasampanno indriyesu guttadv±ro bhojane mattaññ³ j±gariyamanuyutto satisampajaññena samann±gato appiccho santuµµho pavivitto asa½saµµho ±bhisam±c±rikesu sakkaccak±r² garucitt²k±rabahulo viharati, aya½ vuccati ±c±rasampanno.

Gocaro pana upanissayagocaro ±rakkhagocaro upanibandhagocaroti tividho. Tattha yo dasakath±vatthuguºasamann±gato vuttalakkhaºo kaly±ºamitto, ya½ niss±ya asuta½ suº±ti, suta½ pariyod±peti, kaªkha½ vitarati, diµµhi½ uju½ karoti, citta½ pas±deti, yañca anusikkhanto saddh±ya va¹¹hati s²lena, sutena, c±gena, paññ±ya va¹¹hati, aya½ vuccati upanissayagocaro.

Yo bhikkhu antaraghara½ paviµµho v²thi½ paµipanno okkhittacakkhu yugamattadass±v² cakkhundriyasa½vutova gacchati, na hatthi½ olokento, na assa½, na ratha½, na patti½, na itthi½, na purisa½ olokento, na uddha½ olokento, na adho olokento, na dis±vidisa½ pekkham±no gacchati, aya½ ±rakkhagocaro.

Upanibandhagocaro pana catt±ro satipaµµh±n±, yattha bhikkhu attano citta½ upanibandhati, vuttañheta½ bhagavat±–

“Ko ca, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno gocaro sako pettiko visayo, yadida½ catt±ro satipaµµh±n±”ti (sa½. ni. 5.372).

Tattha upanissayagocarassa pubbe vuttatt± itaresa½ vasenettha gocaro veditabbo. Iti yath±vutt±ya ±c±rasampattiy±, im±ya ca gocarasampattiy± samann±gatatt± ±c±ragocarasampanno.

Aºumattesu vajjesu bhayadass±v²ti appamattakatt± aºuppam±ºesu assatiy± asañcicca ±pannasekhiya-akusalacittupp±d±dibhedesu vajjesu bhayadassanas²lo. Yo hi bhikkhu param±ºumatta½ vajja½ aµµhasaµµhiyojanapam±º±dhikayojanasatasahassubbedhasinerupabbatar±jasadisa½ katv± passati, yopi sabbalahuka½ dubbh±sitamatta½ p±r±jikasadisa½ katv± passati, ayampi aºumattesu vajjesu bhayadass±v² n±ma. Sam±d±ya sikkhati sikkh±pades³ti ya½kiñci sikkh±padesu sikkhitabba½, ta½ sabbena sabba½ sabbath± sabba½ anavasesa½ samm± ±diyitv± sikkhati, pavattati parip³ret²ti attho.

Abhisallekhik±ti ativiya kiles±na½ sallekhan², tesa½ tanubh±v±ya pah±n±ya yuttar³p±. Cetovivaraºasapp±y±ti cetaso paµicch±dak±na½ n²varaº±na½ d³r²bh±vakaraºena cetovivaraºasaªkh±t±na½ samathavipassan±na½ sapp±y±, samathavipassan±cittasseva v± vivaraº±ya p±kaµ²karaº±ya v± sapp±y± upak±rik±ti cetovivaraºasapp±y±.

Id±ni yena nibbid±di-±vahanena aya½ kath± abhisallekhik± cetovivaraºasapp±y± ca n±ma hoti, ta½ dassetu½ “ekantanibbid±y±”ti-±di vutta½. Tattha ekantanibbid±y±ti eka½seneva vaµµadukkhato nibbindanatth±ya. Vir±g±ya nirodh±y±ti tasseva virajjanatth±ya ca nirujjhanatth±ya ca. Upasam±y±ti sabbakiles³pasam±ya. Abhiññ±y±ti sabbass±pi abhiññeyyassa abhij±nan±ya. Sambodh±y±ti catumaggasambodh±ya. Nibb±n±y±ti anup±disesanibb±n±ya. Etesu hi ±dito t²hi padehi vipassan± vutt±, dv²hi maggo, dv²hi nibb±na½ vutta½. Samathavipassan± ±di½ katv± nibb±napariyos±no aya½ sabbo uttarimanussadhammo dasakath±vatthul±bhino sijjhat²ti dasseti.

Id±ni ta½ katha½ vibhajitv± dassento “appicchakath±”ti-±dim±ha. Tattha appicchoti na iccho, tassa kath± appicchakath±, appicchabh±vappaµisa½yutt± kath± v± appicchakath±. Ettha ca atriccho p±piccho mahiccho appicchoti icch±vasena catt±ro puggal±. Tesu attan± yath±laddhena l±bhena atitto upar³pari l±bha½ icchanto atriccho n±ma. Ya½ sandh±ya vutta½–

“Catubbhi aµµhajjhagam±, aµµhabhi c±pi so¼asa;
so¼asabhi ca dvatti½sa, atriccha½ cakkam±sado;
icch±hatassa posassa, cakka½ bhamati matthake”ti. (J±. 1.5.103).
“Atricch± atilobhena, atilobhamadena c±”ti ca. (J±. 1.2.168).

L±bhasakk±rasilokanik±mayat±ya asantaguºasambh±van±dhipp±yo p±piccho. Ya½ sandh±ya vutta½–

“Tattha katam± kuhan±? L±bhasakk±rasilokasannissitassa p±picchassa icch±pakatassa paccayappaµisevanasaªkh±tena v± s±mantajappitena v± iriy±pathassa v± aµhapan±”ti-±di (vibha. 861).

Santaguºasambh±van±dhipp±yo paµiggahaºe amattaññ³ mahiccho. Ya½ sandh±ya vutta½–

“Idhekacco saddho sam±no ‘saddhoti ma½ jano j±n±t³’ti icchati, s²lav± sam±no ‘s²lav±ti ma½ jano j±n±t³’ti icchat²”ti-±di (vibha. 851).

Duttappiyat±ya hissa vij±tam±t±pi citta½ gahetu½ na sakkoti. Teneta½ vuccati–

“Aggikkhandho samuddo ca, mahiccho c±pi puggalo;
sakaµehi paccaye dentu, tayopete atappiy±”ti.

Ete pana atricchat±dayo dose ±rak± parivajjetv± santaguºanig³han±dhipp±yo paµiggahaºe ca mattaññ³ appiccho. So attani vijjam±nampi guºa½ paµicch±detuk±mat±ya saddho sam±no “saddhoti ma½ jano j±n±t³”ti na icchati, s²lav±, bahussuto, pavivitto, ±raddhav²riyo, upaµµhitassati, sam±hito, paññav± sam±no “paññav±ti ma½ jano j±n±t³”ti na icchati.

Sv±ya½ paccayappiccho dhutaªgappiccho pariyatti-appiccho adhigamappicchoti catubbidho. Tattha cat³su paccayesu appiccho paccayad±yaka½ deyyadhamma½ attano th±mañca oloketv± sacepi hi deyyadhammo bahu hoti, d±yako appa½ d±tuk±mo, d±yakassa vasena appameva gaºh±ti. Deyyadhammo ce appo, d±yako bahu½ d±tuk±mo, deyyadhammassa vasena appameva gaºh±ti. Deyyadhammopi ce bahu, d±yakopi bahu½ d±tuk±mo, attano th±ma½ ñatv± pam±ºayuttameva gaºh±ti. Evar³po hi bhikkhu anuppanna½ l±bha½ upp±deti, uppanna½ l±bha½ th±vara½ karoti, d±yak±na½ citta½ ±r±dheti. Dhutaªgasam±d±nassa pana attani atthibh±va½ na j±n±petuk±mo dhutaªgappiccho. Yo attano bahussutabh±va½ j±n±petu½ na icchati, aya½ pariyatti-appiccho. Yo pana sot±pann±d²su aññataro hutv± sabrahmac±r²nampi attano sot±pann±dibh±va½ j±n±petu½ na icchati, aya½ adhigamappiccho. Evametesa½ appicch±na½ y± appicchat±, tass± saddhi½ sandassan±dividhin± anek±k±ravok±ra-±nisa½savibh±vanavasena, tappaµipakkhassa atricch±dibhedassa icch±c±rassa ±d²navavibh±vanavasena ca pavatt± kath± appicchakath±.