“Eva½ me sutan”ti imin± pana sakalena vacanena ±yasm± ±nando tath±gatappavedita½ dhamma½ attano adahanto asappurisabh³mi½ atikkamati, s±vakatta½ paµij±nanto sappurisabh³mi½ okkamati. Tath± asaddhamm± citta½ vuµµh±peti, saddhamme citta½ patiµµh±peti. “Kevala½ sutameveta½ may±, tasseva pana bhagavato vacanan”ti d²pento att±na½ parimoceti, satth±ra½ apadisati, jinavacana½ appeti, dhammanetti½ patiµµh±peti.
Apica “eva½ me sutan”ti attan± upp±ditabh±va½ appaµij±nanto purimassavana½ vivaranto “sammukh± paµiggahitamida½ may± tassa bhagavato catuves±rajjavis±radassa dasabaladharassa ±sabhaµµh±naµµh±yino s²han±dan±dino sabbasattuttamassa dhammissarassa dhammar±jassa dhamm±dhipatino dhammad²passa dhammasaraºassa saddhammavaracakkavattino samm±sambuddhassa, na ettha atthe v± dhamme v± pade v± byañjane v± kaªkh± v± vimati v± kattabb±”ti sabbadevamanuss±na½ imasmi½ dhamme assaddhiya½ vin±seti, saddh±sampada½ upp±deti. Teneta½ vuccati–
“Vin±sayati assaddha½, saddha½ va¹¹heti s±sane;
eva½ me sutamicceva½, vada½ gotamas±vako”ti.
Ekanti gaºanaparicchedaniddeso. Ayañhi ekasaddo aññaseµµh±sah±yasaªkhy±d²su dissati. Tath± hi aya½ “sassato att± ca loko ca, idameva sacca½ moghamaññanti ittheke abhivadant²”ti-±d²su (ma. ni. 3.27; ud±. 55) aññe dissati. “Cetaso ekodibh±van”ti-±d²su (p±r±. 11; d². ni. 1.228) seµµhe. “Eko v³pakaµµho”ti-±d²su (c³¼ava. 445; d². ni. 1.405) asah±ye. “Ekova kho, bhikkhave, khaºo ca samayo ca brahmacariyav±s±y±”ti-±d²su (a. ni. 8.29) saªkhy±ya½, idh±pi saªkhy±yameva daµµhabbo. Tena vutta½– “ekanti gaºanaparicchedaniddeso”ti.
Samayanti paricchinnaniddeso. Eka½ samayanti aniyamitaparid²pana½. Tattha samayasaddo–
“Samav±ye khaºe k±le, sam³he hetudiµµhisu;
paµil±bhe pah±ne ca, paµivedhe ca dissati”.
Tath± hissa “appeva n±ma svepi upasaªkameyy±ma k±lañca samayañca up±d±y±”ti evam±d²su (d². ni. 1.447) samav±yo attho, yuttak±lañca paccayas±maggiñca labhitv±ti hi adhipp±yo, tasm± paccayasamav±yoti veditabbo “Ekova kho, bhikkhave, khaºo ca samayo ca brahmacariyav±s±y±”ti-±d²su (a. ni. 8.29) khaºo, ok±soti attho. Tath±gatupp±d±diko hi maggabrahmacariyassa ok±so tappaccayappaµil±bhahetutt±, khaºo eva ca samayo, yo khaºoti ca samayoti ca vuccati, so eko yev±ti hi attho. “Uºhasamayo pari¼±hasamayo”ti-±d²su (p±ci. 358) k±lo. “Mah±samayo pavanasmin”ti-±d²su (d². ni. 2.332) sam³ho. Mah±samayoti hi bhikkh³na½ devat±nañca mah±sannip±toti attho. “Samayopi kho te, bhadd±li, appaµividdho ahosi, bhagav± kho s±vatthiya½ viharati, bhagav±pi ma½ j±nissati ‘bhadd±li n±ma bhikkhu satthus±sane sikkh±ya na parip³rak±r²’ti, ayampi kho te, bhadd±li, samayo appaµividdho ahos²”ti-±d²su (ma. ni. 2.135) hetu. Sikkh±padassa k±raºañhi idha samayoti adhippeta½. “Tena kho pana samayena ugg±ham±no paribb±jako samaºamuº¹ik±putto samayappav±dake tinduk±c²re ekas±lake mallik±ya ±r±me paµivasat²”ti-±d²su (ma. ni. 2.260) diµµhi. Tattha hi nisinn± titthiy± attano attano diµµhisaªkh±ta½ samaya½ pavadant²ti so paribb±jak±r±mo “samayappav±dako”ti vuccati.
“Diµµhe dhamme ca yo attho, yo cattho sampar±yiko;
atth±bhisamay± dh²ro, paº¹itoti pavuccat²”ti. (Sa½. ni. 1.129)–

¾d²su paµil±bho. Atth±bhisamay±ti hi atthassa adhigam±ti attho. “Samm± m±n±bhisamay± antamak±si dukkhass±”ti-±d²su (ma. ni. 1.28) pah±na½. Adhikaraºa½ samaya½ v³pasamana½ apagamoti abhisamayo pah±na½. “Dukkhassa p²¼anaµµho saªkhataµµho sant±paµµho vipariº±maµµho abhisamayaµµho”ti-±d²su (paµi. ma. 2.8) paµivedho Paµivedhoti hi abhisametabbato abhisamayo, abhisamayova attho abhisamayaµµhoti p²¼an±d²ni abhisametabbabh±vena ek²bh±va½ upanetv± vutt±ni, abhisamayassa v± paµivedhassa visayabh³to attho abhisamayaµµhoti t±neva tath± ekantena vutt±ni. Tattha p²¼ana½ dukkhasaccassa ta½samaªgino hi½sana½ avipph±rikat±karaºa½. Sant±po dukkhadukkhat±divasena santappana½ paridahana½.

Ettha ca sahak±r²k±raºasannijjha½ sameti samavet²ti samav±yo samayo. Sameti sam±gacchati ettha maggabrahmacariya½ tad±dh±rapuggaleh²ti khaºo samayo. Sameti ettha etena v± sa½gacchati satto sabh±vadhammo v± upp±d±d²hi sahaj±t±d²hi v±ti k±lo samayo. Dhammappavattimattat±ya atthato abh³topi hi k±lo dhammappavattiy± adhikaraºa½ karaºa½ viya ca kappan±mattasiddhen±nur³pena vohar²yat²ti. Sama½, saha v± avayav±na½ ayana½ pavatti avaµµh±nanti sam³ho samayo yath± samud±yoti. Avayavasah±vaµµh±nameva hi sam³ho. Avasesapaccay±na½ sam±game sati eti phalametasm± uppajjati pavattat²ti samayo hetu yath± samudayoti. Sameti sa½yojanabh±vato sambandho eti attano visaye pavattati, da¼haggahaºabh±vato v± sa½yutt± ayanti pavattanti satt± yath±bhinivesa½ eten±ti samayo diµµhi. Diµµhisa½yojanena hi satt± ativiya bajjhant²ti. Samiti saªgati samodh±nanti samayo paµil±bho. Samayana½ upasamayana½ apagamoti samayo pah±na½. Samucchedappah±nabh±vato pana adhiko samayoti abhisamayo yath± abhidhammoti. Abhimukha½ ñ±ºena samm± etabbo abhisametabboti abhisamayo, dhamm±na½ avipar²tasabh±vo. Abhimukhabh±vena samm± eti gacchati bujjhat²ti abhisamayo, dhamm±na½ yath±bh³tasabh±v±vabodho. Eva½ tasmi½ tasmi½ atthe samayasaddassa pavatti veditabb±.
Samayasaddassa atthuddh±re abhisamayasaddassa gahaºe k±raºa½ vuttanayeneva veditabba½. Idha panassa k±lo attho samav±y±d²na½ asambhavato. Desadesakaparis± viya hi desan±ya nid±nabh±ve k±lo eva icchitabboti. Yasm± panettha samayoti k±lo adhippeto, tasm± sa½vacchara-utum±saddham±sarattidivasapubbaºhamajjhanhikas±yanhapaµhamay±ma- majjhimay±mapacchimay±mamuhutt±d²su k±labhedabh³tesu samayesu eka½ samayanti d²peti.
Kasm± panettha aniyamitavaseneva k±lo niddiµµho, na utusa½vacchar±divasena niyametv± niddiµµhoti ce? Kiñc±pi etesu sa½vacchar±d²su samayesu ya½ ya½ sutta½ yasmi½ yasmi½ sa½vacchare utumhi m±se pakkhe rattibh±ge divasabh±ge v± vutta½, sabbampi ta½ therassa suvidita½ suvavatth±pita½ paññ±ya. Yasm± pana “eva½ me suta½ asukasa½vacchare asuka-utumhi asukam±se asukapakkhe asukarattibh±ge asukadivasabh±ge v±”ti eva½ vutte na sakk± sukhena dh±retu½ v± uddisitu½ v± uddis±petu½ v±, bahu ca vattabba½ hoti, tasm± ekeneva padena tamattha½ samodh±netv± “eka½ samayan”ti ±ha.
Ye v± ime gabbhokkantisamayo j±tisamayo sa½vegasamayo abhinikkhamanasamayo dukkarak±rikasamayo m±ravijayasamayo abhisambodhisamayo diµµhadhammasukhavih±rasamayo desan±samayo parinibb±nasamayoti evam±dayo bhagavato devamanussesu ativiya pak±s± anekak±lappabhed± eva samay±, tesu samayesu desan±samayasaªkh±ta½ eka½ samayanti d²peti. Yo v±ya½ ñ±ºakaruº±kiccasamayesu karuº±kiccasamayo, attahitaparahitappaµipattisamayesu parahitappaµipattisamayo, sannipatit±na½ karaº²yadvayasamayesu dhammakath±samayo, desan±paµipattisamayesu desan±samayo, tesu samayesu aññatarasamaya½ sandh±ya “eka½ samayan”ti ±ha.
Kasm± panettha yath± abhidhamme “yasmi½ samaye k±m±vacara½ kusala½ citta½ uppanna½ hot²”ti (dha. sa. 1) ca ito aññesu suttapadesu “yasmi½ samaye, bhikkhave, bhikkhu vivicceva k±mehi vivicca akusalehi dhammeh²”ti (a. ni. 4.200) ca bhummavacanena niddeso kato, vinaye ca “tena samayena buddho bhagav±”ti (p±r±. 1) karaºavacanena niddeso kato, tath± akatv± “eka½ samayan”ti accantasa½yogatthe upayogavacanena niddeso katoti? Tattha tath±, idha ca aññath± atthasambhavato. Tattha hi abhidhamme ito aññesu ca suttantesu ±dh±ravisayasaªkh±to adhikaraºattho kiriy±ya kiriyantaralakkhaºasaªkh±to bh±venabh±valakkhaºattho ca sambhavat²ti. Adhikaraºañhi k±lattho sam³hattho ca samayo tattha vutt±na½ phass±didhamm±na½, tath± k±lo sabh±vadhammappavattimattat±ya paramatthato avijjam±nopi ±dh±rabh±vena paññ±to taªkhaºappavatt±na½ tato pubbe parato ca abh±vato yath± “pubbaºhe j±to s±yanhe j±to”ti-±d²su. Sam³hotipi avayavavinimutto paramatthato avijjam±nopi kappan±mattasiddhena r³pena avayav±na½ ±dh±rabh±vena paññ±p²yati, yath± “rukkhe s±kh±, yavo yavar±simhi samuµµhito”ti-±d²su. Yasmi½ k±le dhammapuñje ca k±m±vacara½ kusala½ citta½ uppanna½ hoti, tasmi½yeva k±le dhammapuñje ca phass±dayopi hont²ti ayañhi tattha attho. Tath± khaºasamav±yahetusaªkh±tassa samayassa bh±vena tattha vutt±na½ phass±didhamm±na½ bh±vo lakkh²yati. Yath± hi “g±v²su duyham±n±su gato, duddh±su ±gato”ti ettha g±v²na½ dohanakiriy±ya gamanakiriy± lakkh²yati, eva½ idh±pi yasmi½ samayeti vutte ca padatthassa satt±virah±bh±vato sat²ti ayamattho viññ±yam±no eva hot²ti samayassa satt±kiriy±ya cittassa upp±dakiriy± phass±d²na½ bhavanakiriy± ca lakkh²yati. Tath± yasmi½ samaye yasmi½ navame khaºe yasmi½ yonisomanasik±r±dihetumhi paccayasamav±ye v± sati k±m±vacara½ kusala½ citta½ uppanna½ hoti, tasmi½ samaye khaºe hetumhi paccayasamav±ye ca phass±dayopi hont²ti. Tasm± tadatthajotanattha½ bhummavacanena niddeso kato.
Vinaye ca “annena vasati, ajjhenena vasat²”ti-±d²su viya hetu-attho, “pharasun± chindati, kud±lena khaºat²”ti-±d²su viya karaºattho ca sambhavati. Yo hi sikkh±padapaññattisamayo dhammasen±pati-±d²hipi dubbiññeyyo, tena samayena karaºabh³tena hetubh³tena ca v²tikkama½ sutv± bhikkhusaªgha½ sannip±t±petv± otiººavatthuka½ puggala½ paµipucchitv± vigarahitv± ca ta½ ta½ vatthu½ otiººasamayasaªkh±ta½ k±la½ anatikkamitv± sikkh±pad±ni paññ±pento tatiyap±r±jik±d²na½ viya sikkh±padapaññattiy± hetu½ apekkham±no tattha tattha vih±si, tasm± tadatthajotanattha½ vinaye karaºavacanena niddeso kato.
Idha pana aññasmiñca eva½j±tike accantasa½yogattho sambhavati. Yasmiñhi samaye saha samuµµh±nahetun± ida½ ud±na½ uppanna½, accantameva ta½ samaya½ ariyavih±rapubbaªgam±ya dhammapaccavekkhaº±ya bhagav± vih±si, tasm± “m±sa½ ajjhet²”ti-±d²su viya upayogatthajotanattha½ idha upayogavacanena niddeso kato. Teneta½ vuccati–
“Ta½ ta½ atthamapekkhitv±, bhummena karaºena ca;
aññatra samayo vutto, upayogena so idh±”ti.
Por±º± pana vaººayanti– “yasmi½ samaye”ti v± “tena samayen±”ti v± “eka½ samayan”ti v± abhil±pamattabhedo esa niddeso, sabbattha bhummameva atthoti. Tasm± “eka½ samayan”ti vuttepi ekasmi½ samayeti attho veditabbo.