Katha½ tath±ya gatoti tath±gato? Y±ya mah±karuº±ya lokan±tho mah±dukkhasamb±dhappaµipanna½ sattanik±ya½ disv± “tassa natthañño koci paµissaraºa½, ahameva namito sa½s±radukkhato mutto mocess±m²”ti samuss±hitam±naso mah±bhin²h±ramak±si. Katv± ca yath±paºidh±na½ sakalalokahitasamp±dan±ya ussukkam±panno attano k±yaj²vitanirapekkho paresa½ sotapath±gamanamattenapi cittutr±sasamupp±dik± atidukkar± dukkaracariy± sam±caranto yath± mah±bodhiy± paµipatti h±nabh±giy± sa½kilesabh±giy± µhitibh±giy± v± na hoti, atha kho uttaruttari visesabh±giy±va hoti, tath± paµipajjam±no anupubbena niravasese bodhisambh±re samp±detv± abhisambodhi½ p±puºi. Tato parañca t±yeva mah±karuº±ya sañcoditam±naso pavivekarati½ paramañca santa½ vimokkhasukha½ pah±ya b±lajanabahule loke tehi samupp±dita½ samm±n±vam±navippak±ra½ agaºetv± vineyyajanassa vinayanena niravasesa½ buddhakicca½ niµµhapesi. Tattha yo bhagavato sattesu mah±karuº±ya samokkaman±k±ro, so parato ±vibhavissati. Yath± ca buddhabh³tassa lokan±thassa sattesu mah±karuº±, eva½ bodhisattabh³tassapi mah±bhin²h±rak±l±d²s³ti sabbattha sabbad± ca ekasadisat±ya tath± avitath± anaññath±, tasm± t²supi avatth±su sabbasattesu sam±naras±ya tath±ya mah±karuº±ya sakalalokahit±ya gato paµipannoti tath±gato. Eva½ tath±ya gatoti tath±gato.

Katha½ tath±ni ±gatoti tath±gato? Tath±ni n±ma catt±ri ariyamaggañ±º±ni. T±ni hi ida½ dukkha½, aya½ dukkhasamudayo, aya½ dukkhanirodho, aya½ dukkhanirodhag±min² paµipad±ti eva½ sabbañeyyadhammasaªg±hak±na½ pavattinivattitadubhayahetubh³t±na½ catunna½ ariyasacc±na½ dukkhassa p²¼anaµµho saªkhataµµho sant±paµµho vipariº±maµµho, samudayassa ±y³hanaµµho nid±naµµho sa½yogaµµho palibodhaµµho, nirodhassa nissaraºaµµho vivekaµµho asaªkhataµµho amataµµho, maggassa niyy±naµµho hetvaµµho dassanaµµho ±dhipateyyaµµhoti-±d²na½ tabbibh±g±nañca yath±bh³tasabh±v±vabodhavibandhakassa sa½kilesapakkhassa samucchindanena paµiladdh±ya tattha asammoh±bhisamayasaªkh±t±ya avipar²t±k±rappavattiy± dhamm±na½ sabh±vasarasalakkhaºassa avisa½v±danato tath±ni avitath±ni anaññath±ni, t±ni bhagav± anaññaneyyo sayameva ±gato adhigato, tasm± tath±ni ±gatoti tath±gato.

Yath± ca maggañ±º±ni, eva½ bhagavato t²su k±lesu appaµihatañ±º±ni catupaµisambhid±ñ±º±ni catuves±rajjañ±º±ni pañcagatiparicchedañ±º±ni cha-as±dh±raºañ±º±ni sattabojjhaªgavibh±vanañ±º±ni aµµhamaggaªgavibh±vanañ±º±ni nav±nupubbavih±rasam±pattiñ±º±ni dasabalañ±º±ni ca tathabh±ve veditabb±ni.

Tatr±ya½ vibh±van±– yañhi kiñci aparim±º±su lokadh±t³su aparim±º±na½ satt±na½ h²n±dibhedabhinn±su at²t±su khandh±yatanadh±t³su sabh±vakicc±di avatth±vises±di khandhappaµibaddhan±magott±di ca j±nitabba½. Anindriyabaddhesu ca atisukhumatirohitavid³radesesupi r³padhammesu yo ta½ta½paccayavisesehi saddhi½ paccayuppann±na½ vaººasaºµh±nagandharasaphass±diviseso, tattha sabbattheva hatthatale µhapita-±malake viya paccakkhato appaµihata½ bhagavato ñ±ºa½ pavattati, tath± an±gat±su paccuppann±su c±ti im±ni t²su k±lesu appaµihatañ±º±ni n±ma. Yath±ha–

“At²ta½se buddhassa bhagavato appaµihata½ ñ±ºa½, an±gata½se buddhassa bhagavato appaµihata½ ñ±ºa½, paccuppanna½se buddhassa bhagavato appaµihata½ ñ±ºan”ti (paµi. ma. 3.5).

T±ni panet±ni tattha tattha dhamm±na½ sabh±vasarasalakkhaºassa avisa½v±danato tath±ni avitath±ni anaññath±ni, t±ni bhagav± sayambh³ñ±ºena adhigañch²ti. Evampi tath±ni ±gatoti tath±gato.

Tath± atthappaµisambhid± dhammappaµisambhid± niruttippaµisambhid± paµibh±nappaµisambhid±ti catasso paµisambhid±. Tattha atthappabhedassa sallakkhaºavibh±vanavavatth±nakaraºasamattha½ atthappabhedagata½ ñ±ºa½ atthappaµisambhid±. Dhammappabhedassa sallakkhaºavibh±vanavavatth±nakaraºasamattha½ dhammappabhedagata½ ñ±ºa½ dhammappaµisambhid±. Niruttippabhedassa sallakkhaºavibh±vanavavatth±nakaraºasamattha½ nirutt±bhil±pe pabhedagata½ ñ±ºa½ niruttippaµisambhid±. Paµibh±nappabhedassa sallakkhaºavibh±vanavavatth±nakaraºasamattha½ paµibh±nappabhedagata½ ñ±ºa½ paµibh±nappaµisambhid±. Vuttañheta½–

“Atthe ñ±ºa½ atthappaµisambhid±, dhamme ñ±ºa½ dhammappaµisambhid±, tatra dhammanirutt±bhil±pe ñ±ºa½ niruttippaµisambhid±, ñ±ºesu ñ±ºa½ paµibh±nappaµisambhid±”ti (vibha. 718-721).

Ettha ca hetu-anus±rena araº²yato adhigantabbato ca saªkhepato hetuphala½ attho n±ma. Pabhedato pana ya½ kiñci paccayuppanna½, nibb±na½ bh±sitattho, vip±ko, kiriy±ti ime pañca dhamm± attho. Ta½ attha½ paccavekkhantassa tasmi½ atthe pabhedagata½ ñ±ºa½ atthappaµisambhid±. Dhammoti saªkhepato paccayo. So hi yasm± ta½ ta½ attha½ vidahati pavatteti ceva p±peti ca, tasm± dhammoti vuccati, pabhedato pana yo koci phalanibbattanako hetu ariyamaggo bh±sita½ kusala½ akusalanti ime pañca dhamm± dhammo, ta½ dhamma½ paccavekkhantassa tasmi½ dhamme pabhedagata½ ñ±ºa½ dhammappaµisambhid±. Vuttampi ceta½–

“Dukkhe ñ±ºa½ atthappaµisambhid±, dukkhasamudaye ñ±ºa½ dhammappaµisambhid±, dukkhanirodhe ñ±ºa½ atthappaµisambhid±, dukkhanirodhag±miniy± paµipad±ya ñ±ºa½ dhammappaµisambhid±”ti (vibha. 719).

Atha v± hetumhi ñ±ºa½ dhammappaµisambhid±, hetuphale ñ±ºa½ atthappaµisambhid±. Ye dhamm± j±t± bh³t± sañj±t± nibbatt± abhinibbatt± p±tubh³t±, imesu dhammesu ñ±ºa½ atthappaµisambhid±. Yamh± dhamm± te dhamm± j±t± bh³t± sañj±t± nibbatt± abhinibbatt± p±tubh³t±, tesu dhammesu ñ±ºa½ dhammappaµisambhid±. Jar±maraºe ñ±ºa½ atthappaµisambhid±, jar±maraºasamudaye ñ±ºa½ dhammappaµisambhid±. Jar±maraºanirodhe ñ±ºa½ atthappaµisambhid±, jar±maraºanirodhag±miniy± paµipad±ya ñ±ºa½ dhammappaµisambhid±. J±tiy±, bhave, up±d±ne, taºh±ya, vedan±ya, phasse, sa¼±yatane, n±mar³pe, viññ±ºe, saªkh±resu ñ±ºa½ atthappaµisambhid±, saªkh±rasamudaye ñ±ºa½ dhammappaµisambhid±. Saªkh±ranirodhe ñ±ºa½ atthappaµisambhid±, saªkh±ranirodhag±miniy± paµipad±ya ñ±ºa½ dhammappaµisambhid±.

“Idha bhikkhu dhamma½ j±n±ti sutta½ geyya½…pe… vedalla½, aya½ vuccati dhammappaµisambhid±. So tassa tasseva bh±sitassa attha½ j±n±ti ‘aya½ imassa bh±sitassa attho, aya½ imassa bh±sitassa attho’ti, aya½ vuccati atthappaµisambhid±.
“Katame dhamm± kusal±? Yasmi½ samaye k±m±vacara½ kusala½ citta½ uppanna½ hoti somanassasahagata½ ñ±ºasampayutta½ r³p±rammaºa½ v±…pe… dhamm±rammaºa½ v± ya½ ya½ v± pan±rabbha, tasmi½ samaye phasso hoti…pe… avikkhepo hoti…pe… ime dhamm± kusal±. Imesu dhammesu ñ±ºa½ dhammappaµisambhid±, tesa½ vip±ke ñ±ºa½ atthappaµisambhid±”ti-±di (vibha. 724-725) vitth±ro.

Y± panetasmi½ atthe ca dhamme ca sabh±vanirutti abyabhic±ravoh±ro abhil±po, tasmi½ sabh±vanirutt±bhil±pe m±gadhik±ya sabbasatt±na½ m³labh±s±ya “aya½ sabh±vanirutti, aya½ asabh±vanirutt²”ti pabhedagata½ ñ±ºa½ niruttippaµisambhid±. Yath±vuttesu tesu ñ±ºesu gocarakiccato vitth±rato pavatta½ sabbampi ta½ ñ±ºa½ ±rammaºa½ katv± paccavekkhantassa tasmi½ ñ±ºe pabhedagata½ ñ±ºa½ paµibh±nappaµisambhid±. Iti im±ni catt±ri paµisambhid±ñ±º±ni sayameva bhagavat± adhigat±ni atthadhamm±dike tasmi½ tasmi½ attano visaye avisa½v±danavasena avipar²t±k±rappavattiy± tath±ni avitath±ni anaññath±ni. Evampi bhagav± tath±ni ±gatoti tath±gato.

Tath± ya½kiñci ñeyya½ n±ma, sabba½ ta½ bhagavat± sabb±k±rena ñ±ta½ diµµha½ adhigata½ abhisambuddha½. Tath± hissa abhiññeyy± dhamm± abhiññeyyato buddh±, pariññeyy± dhamm± pariññeyyato, pah±tabb± dhamm± pah±tabbato, sacchik±tabb± dhamm± sacchik±tabbato, bh±vetabb± dhamm± bh±vetabbato, yato na½ koci samaºo v± br±hmaºo v± devo v± m±ro v± brahm± v± “ime n±ma te dhamm± anabhisambuddh±”ti saha dhammena anuyuñjitu½ samattho natthi.

Ya½kiñci pah±tabba½ n±ma, sabba½ ta½ bhagavato anavasesato bodhim³leyeva pah²na½ anuppattidhamma½ na tassa pah±n±ya uttari karaº²ya½ atthi. Tath± hissa lobhadosamohavipar²tamanasik±ra-ahirik±nottappathinamiddhakodh³pan±ha- makkhapal±sa-iss±macchariyam±y±s±µheyyathambhas±rambham±n±tim±namadappam±datividh±- kusalam³laduccaritavisamavipar²tasaññ±- malavitakkapapañca-esan±taºh±catubbidhavipariyesa-±savagantha- oghayog±gatitaºhup±d±napañc±bhinandanan²varaºacetokhilacetasovinibandha- chaviv±dam³lasatt±nusaya-aµµhamicchattanava-±gh±tavatthutaºh±- m³lakadasa-akusalakammapatha-ekav²sati anesanadv±saµµhidiµµhigata-aµµhasatataºh±vicarit±dippabheda½ diya¹¹hakilesasahassa½ saha v±san±ya pah²na½ samucchinna½ sam³hata½, yato na½ koci samaºo v±…pe… brahm± v± “ime n±ma te kiles± appah²n±”ti saha dhammena anuyuñjitu½ samattho natthi.

Ye cime bhagavat± kammavip±kakiles³pav±da-±º±v²tikkamappabhed± antar±yik± vutt±, alameva te paµisevato ekantena antar±y±ya. Yato na½ koci samaºo v±…pe… brahm± v± “n±la½ te paµisevato antar±y±y±”ti saha dhammena anuyuñjitu½ samattho natthi.

Yo ca bhagavat± niravasesavaµµadukkhanissaraº±ya s²lasam±dhipaññ±ya saªgaho sattakoµµh±siko sattati½sappabhedo ariyamaggapubbaªgamo anuttaro niyy±niko dhammo desito, so ekanteneva niyy±ti, paµipannassa vaµµadukkhato mokkh±ya hoti, yato na½ koci samaºo v±…pe… brahm± v± “niyy±niko dhammoti tay± desito na niyy±t²”ti saha dhammena anuyuñjitu½ samattho natth²ti. Vuttañheta½– “samm±sambuddhassa te paµij±nato ime dhamm± anabhisambuddh±”ti (ma. ni. 1.150) vitth±ro. Evamet±ni attano ñ±ºappah±nadesan±vises±na½ avitathabh±v±vabodhanato avipar²t±k±rappavattit±ni bhagavato catuves±rajjañ±º±ni tath±ni avitath±ni anaññath±ni. Evampi bhagav± tath±ni ±gatoti tath±gato.

Tath± nirayagati, tiracch±nagati, petagati, manussagati, devagat²ti pañca gatiyo, t±su sañj²v±dayo aµµha mah±niray±, kukku¼±dayo so¼asa ussadaniray±, lokantarikanirayoti sabbepime ekantadukkhat±ya nirass±daµµhena niray±, yath±kammun± gantabbato gati c±ti nirayagati, tibbandhak±ras²tanarak±pi etesveva antogadh±. Kimik²µasar²sapapakkhisoºasiªg±l±dayo tiriya½ añchitabh±vena tiracch±n±, te eva gat²ti tiracch±nagati. Khuppip±sitatt± paradatt³paj²vinijjh±mataºhik±dayo dukkhabahulat±ya p±kaµasukhato it± vigat±ti pet±, te eva gat²ti petagati, k±lakañcik±di-asur±pi etesvevantogadh±. Parittad²pav±s²hi saddhi½ jambud²p±dicatumah±d²pav±sino manaso ussannat±ya manuss±, te eva gat²ti manussagati. C±tumah±r±jikato paµµh±ya y±va nevasaññ±n±saññ±yatan³pag±ti ime chabb²sati devanik±y± dibbanti attano iddh±nubh±vena k²¼anti jotanti c±ti dev±, te eva gat²ti devagati.