Tath±gatass±ti aµµhahi k±raºehi bhagav± tath±gato– tath± ±gatoti tath±gato, tath± gatoti tath±gato, tathalakkhaºa½ ±gatoti tath±gato, tathadhamme y±th±vato abhisambuddhoti tath±gato, tathadassit±ya tath±gato, tathav±dit±ya tath±gato, tath±k±rit±ya tath±gato, abhibhavanaµµhena tath±gato.

Katha½ bhagav± tath± ±gatoti tath±gato? Yath± sabbalokahit±ya ussukkam±pann± purimak± samm±sambuddh± ±gat±ti. Ki½ vutta½ hoti? Yena abhin²h±rena te bhagavanto ±gat±, tena aµµhaguºasamann±gatena ayampi bhagav± ±gato. Yath± ca te bhagavanto d±nap±rami½ p³retv± s²lanekkhammapaññ±v²riyakhantisacca-adhiµµh±namett±-upekkh±p±ram²ti im± dasa p±ramiyo, dasa upap±ramiyo, dasa paramatthap±ramiyoti samati½sa p±ramiyo p³retv± pañca mah±paricc±ge pariccajitv± pubbayogapubbacariyadhammakkh±nañ±tatthacariy±dayo p³retv± buddhicariy±ya koµi½ patv± ±gat±, tath± ayampi bhagav± ±gato. Yath± ca te bhagavanto catt±ro satipaµµh±ne…pe… ariya½ aµµhaªgika½ magga½ bh±vetv± br³hetv± ±gat±, tath± ayampi bhagav± ±gato. Eva½ tath± ±gatoti tath±gato.

Katha½ tath± gatoti tath±gato? Yath± sampatij±t± te bhagavanto samehi p±dehi pathaviya½ patiµµh±ya uttar±bhimukh± sattapadav²tih±rena gat±, setacchatte dh±riyam±ne sabb±va dis± anuvilokesu½, ±sabhiñca v±ca½ bh±si½su loke attano jeµµhaseµµhabh±va½ pak±sent±, tañca nesa½ gamana½ tatha½ ahosi avitatha½ anekesa½ vises±dhigam±na½ pubbanimittabh±vena, tath± ayampi bhagav± gato, tañcassa gamana½ katha½ ahosi avitatha½ tesaññeva vises±dhigam±na½ pubbanimittabh±vena. Eva½ tath± gatoti tath±gato.

Yath± v± te bhagavanto nekkhammena k±macchanda½ pah±ya gat±, aby±p±dena by±p±da½, ±lokasaññ±ya thinamiddha½, avikkhepena uddhaccakukkucca½, dhammavavatth±nena vicikiccha½ pah±ya gat±, ñ±ºena avijja½ pad±letv±, p±mojjena arati½ vinodetv±, aµµhasam±patt²hi aµµh±rasahi mah±vipassan±hi cat³hi ca ariyamaggehi ta½ ta½ paµipakkha½ pah±ya gat±, eva½ ayampi bhagav± gato. Evampi tath± gatoti tath±gato.

Katha½ tathalakkhaºa½ ±gatoti tath±gato? Pathav²dh±tuy± kakkha¼alakkhaºa½, ±podh±tuy± paggharaºalakkhaºa½, tejodh±tuy± uºhattalakkhaºa½, v±yodh±tuy± vitthambhanalakkhaºa½, ±k±sadh±tuy± asamphuµµhalakkhaºa½, r³passa ruppanalakkhaºa½, vedan±ya vedayitalakkhaºa½, saññ±ya sañj±nanalakkhaºa½, saªkh±r±na½ abhisaªkharaºalakkhaºa½, viññ±ºassa vij±nanalakkhaºanti eva½ pañcanna½ khandh±na½, dv±dasanna½ ±yatan±na½, aµµh±rasanna½ dh±t³na½, b±v²satiy± indriy±na½, catunna½ sacc±na½, dv±dasapadikassa paccay±k±rassa, catunna½ satipaµµh±n±na½, catunna½ sammappadh±n±na½, catunna½ iddhip±d±na½, pañcanna½ indriy±na½, pañcanna½ bal±na½, sattanna½ bojjhaªg±na½, ariyassa aµµhaªgikassa maggassa, sattanna½ visuddh²na½, amatogadhassa nibb±nass±ti eva½ tassa tassa dhammassa ya½ sabh±vasarasalakkhaºa½, ta½ tatha½ avitatha½ anaññatha½ lakkhaºa½ ñ±ºagatiy± ±gato avirajjhitv± patto adhigatoti tath±gato. Eva½ tathalakkhaºa½ ±gatoti tath±gato.

Katha½ tathadhamme y±th±vato abhisambuddhoti tath±gato? Tathadhamm± n±ma catt±ri ariyasacc±ni. Yath±ha “catt±rim±ni, bhikkhave, tath±ni avitath±ni anaññath±ni. Katam±ni catt±ri? Ida½ dukkhanti, bhikkhave, tathameta½ avitathameta½ anaññathametan”ti (sa½. ni. 5.1090) vitth±ro. T±ni ca bhagav± abhisambuddho, tasm± tath±na½ abhisambuddhatt± tath±gato.

Apica jar±maraºassa j±tipaccayasambh³tasamud±gataµµho tatho avitatho anaññatho…pe… saªkh±r±na½ avijj±paccayasambh³tasamud±gataµµho tatho avitatho anaññatho, tath± avijj±ya saªkh±r±na½ paccayaµµho…pe.. j±tiy± jar±maraºassa paccayaµµho tatho avitatho anaññatho, ta½ sabba½ bhagav± abhisambuddho, tasm±pi tath±na½ abhisambuddhatt± tath±gato. Abhisambuddhattho hi ettha gatasaddoti. Eva½ tathadhamme y±th±vato abhisambuddhoti tath±gato.

Katha½ tathadassit±ya tath±gato? Ya½ sadevake…pe… sadevamanuss±ya paj±ya aparim±º±su lokadh±t³su aparim±º±na½ satt±na½ cakkhudv±re ±p±tham±gacchanta½ r³p±rammaºa½ n±ma atthi, ta½ bhagav± sabb±k±rato j±n±ti passati. Eva½ j±nat± passat± ca tena ta½ iµµh±niµµh±divasena v± diµµhasutamutaviññ±tesu labbham±nakapadavasena v± “katama½ ta½ r³pa½ r³p±yatana½ ya½ r³pa½ catunna½ mah±bh³t±na½ up±d±ya vaººanibh± sanidassana½ sappaµigha½ n²la½ p²takan”ti-±din± (dha. sa. 616) nayena anekehi n±mehi terasahi v±rehi dvipaññ±s±ya nayehi vibhajjam±na½ tathameva hoti, vitatha½ natthi. Esa nayo sotadv±r±d²su ±p±tham±gacchantesu sadd±d²su. Vuttañheta½ bhagavat±–

“Ya½ bhikkhave, sadevakassa lokassa…pe… sadevamanuss±ya diµµha½ suta½ muta½ viññ±ta½ patta½ pariyesita½ anuvicarita½ manas±, tamaha½ j±n±mi, tamaha½ abbhaññ±si½, ta½ tath±gatassa vidita½, ta½ tath±gato na upaµµh±s²”ti (a. ni. 4.24).

Eva½ tathadassit±ya tath±gato Tattha tathadass²-atthe tath±gatoti padasambhavo veditabbo.

Katha½ tathav±dit±ya tath±gato? Ya½ ratti½ bhagav± anuttara½ samm±sambodhi½ abhisambuddho, yañca ratti½ anup±dises±ya nibb±nadh±tuy± parinibb±yi, etthantare pañcacatt±l²savassaparim±ºak±la½ ya½ bhagavat± bh±sita½ lapita½ suttageyy±di, sabba½ ta½ parisuddha½ paripuººa½ r±gamad±dinimmathana½ ekasadisa½ tatha½ avitatha½. Ten±ha–

“Yañca, cunda, ratti½ tath±gato anuttara½ samm±sambodhi½ abhisambujjhati, yañca ratti½ anup±dises±ya nibb±nadh±tuy± parinibb±yati, ya½ etasmi½ antare bh±sati lapati niddisati, sabba½ ta½ tatheva hoti, no aññath±, tasm± ‘tath±gato’ti vuccat²”ti (d². ni. 3.188).

Gada-attho ettha gatasaddo. Eva½ tathav±dit±ya tath±gato.

Apica ±gadana½ ±gado, vacananti attho. Tatho avitatho avipar²to ±gado ass±ti dak±rassa tak±ra½ katv± tath±gatoti evamettha padasiddhi veditabb±.

Katha½ tath±k±rit±ya tath±gato? Bhagavato hi v±c±ya k±yo anulometi, k±yassapi v±c±, tasm± yath±v±d² tath±k±r², yath±k±r² tath±v±d² ca hoti. Eva½bh³tassa cassa yath±v±c±, k±yopi tath± gato pavattoti attho. Yath± ca k±yo, v±c±pi tath± gat± pavatt±ti tath±gato. Ten±ha–

“Yath±v±d² bhikkhave, tath±gato tath±k±r², yath±k±r² tath±v±d². Iti yath±v±d² tath±k±r², yath±k±r² tath±v±d². Tasm± ‘tath±gato’ti vuccat²”ti (a. ni. 4.23).

Eva½ tath±k±rit±ya tath±gato.

Katha½ abhibhavanaµµhena tath±gato? Yasm± upari bhavagga½ heµµh± av²ci½ pariyanta½ karitv± tiriya½ aparim±º±su lokadh±t³su sabbasatte abhibhavati s²lenapi sam±dhin±pi paññ±yapi vimuttiy±pi vimuttiñ±ºadassanenapi na tassa tul± v± pam±ºa½ v± atthi, atha kho atulo appameyyo anuttaro devadevo sakk±na½ atisakko, brahm±na½ atibrahm± sabbasattuttamo, tasm± tath±gato. Ten±ha–

“Sadevake, bhikkhave, loke…pe… sadevamanuss±ya tath±gato abhibh³ anabhibh³to aññadatthudaso vasavatti, tasm± ‘tath±gato’ti vuccat²”ti (a. ni. 4.23).

Tatr±ya½ padasiddhi– agado viya agado, desan±vil±so ceva puññussayo ca. Tena so mah±nubh±vo bhisakko viya dibb±gadena sappe sabbaparappav±dino sadevakañca loka½ abhibhavati. Iti sabbalok±bhibhavane tatho avitatho avipar²to yath±vuttova agado etass±ti dak±rassa tak±ra½ katv± tath±gatoti veditabbo. Eva½ abhibhavanaµµhena tath±gato.

Apica tath±ya gatoti tath±gato, tatha½ gatoti tath±gato. Tattha sakalaloka½ t²raºapariññ±ya tath±ya gato avagatoti tath±gato. Lokasamudaya½ pah±napariññ±ya tath±ya gato at²toti tath±gato. Lokanirodha½ sacchikiriy±ya tath±ya gato adhigatoti tath±gato. Lokanirodhag±mini½ paµipada½ tatha½ gato paµipannoti tath±gato. Vuttañheta½ bhagavat±–

“Loko, bhikkhave, tath±gatena abhisambuddho, lokasm± tath±gato visa½yutto. Lokasamudayo, bhikkhave, tath±gatena abhisambuddho, lokasamudayo tath±gatassa pah²no, lokanirodho, bhikkhave, tath±gatena abhisambuddho, lokanirodho tath±gatassa sacchikato. Lokanirodhag±min² paµipad± bhikkhave, tath±gatena abhisambuddh± lokanirodhag±min² paµipad± tath±gatassa bh±vit±. Ya½, bhikkhave sadevakassa lokassa…pe… sabba½ ta½ tath±gatena abhisambuddha½. Tasm± ‘tath±gato’ti vuccat²”ti (a. ni. 4.23).

Aparehipi aµµhahi k±raºehi bhagav± tath±gato– tath±ya ±gatoti tath±gato, tath±ya gatoti tath±gato, tath±ni ±gatoti tath±gato, tath± gatoti tath±gato, tath±vidhoti tath±gato, tath± pavattitoti tath±gato, tathehi agatoti tath±gato, tath± gatabh±vena tath±gato.

Katha½ tath±ya ±gatoti tath±gato? Y± s± bhagavat± sumedhabh³tena d²paªkaradasabalassa p±dam³le–

“Manussatta½ liªgasampatti, hetu satth±radassana½,
pabbajj± guºasampatti, adhik±ro ca chandat±;
aµµhadhammasamodh±n±, abhin²h±ro samijjhat²”ti. (Bu. va½. 2.59)–

Eva½ vutta½ aµµhaªgasamann±gata½ abhin²h±ra½ samp±dentena “aha½ sadevaka½ loka½ tiººo t±ress±mi, mutto mocess±mi, danto damess±mi, santo samess±mi, assattho ass±sess±mi, parinibbuto parinibb±pess±mi, buddho bodhess±m²”ti mah±paµiññ± pavattit±. Vuttañheta½–

“Ki½ me ekena tiººena, purisena th±madassin±;
sabbaññuta½ p±puºitv±, sant±ressa½ sadevaka½.
“Imin± me adhik±rena, katena purisuttame;
sabbaññuta½ p±puºitv±, t±remi janata½ bahu½.
“Sa½s±rasota½ chinditv±, viddha½setv± tayo bhave;
dhamman±va½ sam±ruyha, sant±ressa½ sadevaka½.
“Ki½ me aññ±tavesena, dhamma½ sacchikatenidha;
sabbaññuta½ p±puºitv±, buddho hessa½ sadevake”ti. (Bu. va½. 2.55-58).

Ta½ paneta½ mah±paµiñña½ sakalass±pi buddhakaradhammasamud±yassa pavicaya paccavekkhaºasam±d±n±na½ k±raºabh³ta½ avisa½v±detv± lokan±yako yasm± mah±kapp±na½ satasahass±dhik±ni catt±ri asaªkhyeyy±ni sakkacca½ nirantara½ niravasesato d±nap±rami-±dayo samati½sap±ramiyo p³retv±, aªgaparicc±g±dayo pañca mah±paricc±ge pariccajitv±, sacc±dhiµµh±n±d²ni catt±ri adhiµµh±n±ni paribr³hetv±, puññañ±ºasambh±re sambharitv±, pubbayogapubbacariyadhammakkh±nañ±tatthacariy±dayo ukka½s±petv±, buddhicariya½ paramakoµi½ p±petv±, anuttara½ samm±sambodhi½ abhisambujjhi, tasm± tasseva s± mah±paµiññ± tath± avitath± anaññath±, na tassa v±laggamattampi vitatha½ atthi. Tath± hi d²paªkaradasabalo koº¹añño maªgalo…pe… kassapo bhagav±ti ime catuv²sati samm±sambuddh± paµip±µiy± uppann± “buddho bhavissat²”ti by±kari½su. Eva½ catuv²satiy± buddh±na½ santike laddhaby±karaºo ye te kat±bhin²h±rehi bodhisattehi laddhabb± ±nisa½s±, te labhitv±va ±gatoti t±ya yath±vutt±ya mah±paµiññ±ya tath±ya abhisambuddhabh±va½ ±gato adhigatoti tath±gato. Eva½ tath±ya ±gatoti tath±gato.