Ajjeva kiccam±tappa½, ko jańń± maraŗa½ suve;
na hi no saŖgara½ tena, mah±senena maccun±ti. (Ma. ni. 3.272; netti. 103).
Kasm± pan±ya½ j²vitantar±yameva t±va purakkharoti? Nimittańńut±ya adiµµhakosallena v±ti keci. Apare devat±ya santike j²vitantar±yassa sutatt±ti vadanti. Antimabhavikatt± pana upanissayasampattiy± codiyam±no evam±ha. Na hi tesa½ appatta-arahatt±na½ j²vitakkhayo hoti. Ki½ pana k±raŗ± bhagav± tassa dhamma½ desetuk±mova dvikkhattu½ paµikkhipi? Eva½ kirassa ahosi imassa ma½ diµµhak±lato paµµh±ya sakalasar²ra½ p²tiy± nirantara½ phuµa½, atibalav± p²tivego, dhamma½ sutv±pi na t±va sakkhissati paµivijjhitu½. Y±va pana majjhattupekkh± saŗµh±ti, t±va tiµµhatu, v²sayojanasata½ magga½ ±gatatt± darathopissa k±ye balav±, sopi t±va paµippassambhat³ti. Tasm± dvikkhattu½ paµikkhipi. Keci pana dhammassavane ±darajananattha½ bhagav± evamak±s²ti vadanti. Tatiyav±ra½ y±cito pana majjhattupekkha½ darathappaµipassaddhi½ paccupaµµhitańcassa j²vitantar±ya½ disv± id±ni dhammadesan±ya k±loti cintetv± tasm± tih±ti-±din± dhammadesana½ ±rabhi. Tattha tasm±ti yasm± tva½ ussukkaj±to hutv± ativiya ma½ y±casi, yasm± v± j²vitantar±y±na½ dujj±nata½ vadasi, indriy±ni ca te parip±ka½ gat±ni, tasm±. Tih±ti nip±tamatta½. Teti tay± evanti id±ni vattabb±k±ra½ vadati. Sikkhitabbanti adhis²lasikkh±d²na½ tissannampi sikkh±na½ vasena sikkhana½ k±tabba½. Yath± pana sikkhitabba½, ta½ dassento diµµhe diµµhamatta½ bhavissat²ti-±dim±ha. Tattha diµµhe diµµhamattanti r³p±yatane cakkhuvińń±ŗena diµµhamatta½. Yath± hi cakkhuvińń±ŗa½ r³pe r³pamattameva passati, na anicc±disabh±va½, evameva sesa½. Cakkhudv±rikavińń±ŗena hi me diµµhamattameva bhavissat²ti sikkhitabbanti attho. Atha v± diµµhe diµµha½ n±ma cakkhuvińń±ŗena r³pavij±nananti attho. Mattanti pam±ŗa½. Diµµh± matt± etass±ti diµµhamatta½, cakkhuvińń±ŗamattameva citta½ bhavissat²ti attho. Ida½ vutta½ hoti yath± ±p±thagate r³pe cakkhuvińń±ŗa½ na rajjati, na dussati, na muyhati, eva½ r±g±divirahena cakkhuvińń±ŗamattameva me javana½ bhavissati, cakkhuvińń±ŗappam±ŗeneva javana½ µhapess±m²ti. Atha v± diµµha½ n±ma cakkhuvińń±ŗena diµµha½ r³pa½, diµµhamatta½ n±ma tattheva uppanna½ sampaµicchanasant²raŗavoµµhabbanasaŖkh±ta½ cittattaya½. Yath± ta½ na rajjati, na dussati, na muyhati, eva½ ±p±thagate r³pe teneva sampaµicchan±dippam±ŗena javana½ upp±dess±mi, n±ha½ ta½ pam±ŗa½ atikkamitv± rajjan±divasena uppajjitu½ dass±m²ti evamettha attho daµµhabbo. Eseva nayo sutamute Mutanti tad±rammaŗavińń±ŗehi saddhi½ gandharasaphoµµhabb±yatana½ veditabba½. Vińń±te vińń±tamattanti ettha pana vińń±ta½ n±ma manodv±r±vajjanena vińń±t±rammaŗa½. Tasmi½ vińń±te vińń±tamattanti ±vajjanappam±ŗa½. Yath± ±vajjana½ na rajjati, na dussati, na muyhati, eva½ rajjan±divasena ca uppajjitu½ adatv± ±vajjanappam±ŗeneva citta½ µhapess±m²ti ayamettha attho. Evańhi te, b±hiya, sikkhitabbanti eva½ im±ya paµipad±ya tay±, b±hiya, tissanna½ sikkh±na½ anuvattanavasena sikkhitabba½. Iti bhagav± b±hiyassa sa½khittarucit±ya chahi vińń±ŗak±yehi saddhi½ cha¼±rammaŗabhedabhinna½ vipassan±ya visaya½ diµµh±d²hi cat³hi koµµh±sehi vibhajitv± tatthassa ń±tat²raŗaparińńa½ dasseti. Katha½? Ettha hi r³p±yatana½ passitabbaµµhena diµµha½ n±ma, cakkhuvińń±ŗa½ pana saddhi½ ta½dv±rikavińń±ŗehi dassanaµµhena, tadubhayampi yath±paccaya½ pavattam±na½ dhammamattameva, na ettha koci katt± v± k±ret± v±, yato ta½ hutv± abh±vaµµhena anicca½, udayabbayappaµip²¼anaµµhena dukkha½, avasavattanaµµhena anatt±ti kuto tattha paŗ¹itassa rajjan±d²na½ ok±soti? Ayamettha adhipp±yo sut±d²supi. Id±ni ń±tat²raŗaparińń±su patiµµhitassa upari saha maggaphalena pah±naparińńa½ dassetu½, yato kho te, b±hiy±ti-±di ±raddha½. Tattha yatoti yad±, yasm± v±. Teti tava. Tatoti tad±, tasm± v±. Ten±ti tena diµµh±din±, diµµh±dipaµibaddhena r±g±din± v±. Ida½ vutta½ hoti b±hiya, tava yasmi½ k±le yena v± k±raŗena diµµh±d²su may± vuttavidhi½ paµipajjantassa avipar²tasabh±v±vabodhena diµµh±dimatta½ bhavissati, tasmi½ k±le tena v± k±raŗena diµµh±dipaµibaddhena r±g±din± saha na bhavissasi, ratto v± duµµho v± m³¼ho v± na bhavissasi, pah²nar±g±dikatt± tena v± diµµh±din± saha paµibaddho na bhavissas²ti. Tato tva½, b±hiya, na tatth±ti yad± yasm± v± tva½ tena r±gena v± ratto dosena v± duµµho mohena v± m³¼ho na bhavissasi, tad± tasm± v± tva½ tattha diµµh±dike na bhavissasi, tasmi½ diµµhe v± sutamutavińń±te v± eta½ mama, esohamasmi, eso me att±ti taŗh±m±nadiµµh²hi all²no patiµµhito na bhavissasi. Ett±vat± pah±naparińńa½ matthaka½ p±petv± kh²ŗ±savabh³mi dassit±. Tato tva½, b±hiya, nevidha na hura½ na ubhayamantaren±ti yad± tva½, b±hiya, tena r±g±din± tattha diµµh±d²su paµibaddho na bhavissasi, tad± tva½ neva idhaloke na paraloke na ubhayatth±pi. Esevanto dukkhass±ti kilesadukkhassa ca vaµµadukkhassa ca ayameva hi anto aya½ parivaµumabh±voti ayameva hi ettha attho. Ye pana ubhayamantaren±ti pada½ gahetv± antar±bhava½ n±ma icchanti, tesa½ ta½ micch±. Antar±bhavassa hi bh±vo abhidhamme paµikkhittoyeva. Antaren±ti vacana½ pana vikappantarad²pana½, tasm± ayamettha attho neva idha na hura½, aparo vikappo na ubhayanti. Atha v± antaren±ti vacana½ pana vikappantar±bh±vad²pana½. Tassattho neva idha na hura½, ubhayamantare pana na ańńaµµh±na½ atth²ti. Yepi ca antar±parinibb±y² sambhaves²ti ca imesa½ suttapad±na½ attha½ ayoniso gahetv± atthiyeva antar±bhavoti vadanti, tepi yasm± avih±d²su tattha tattha ±yuvemajjha½ anatikkamitv± antar± aggamagg±dhigamena anavasesakilesaparinibb±nena parinibb±yat²ti antar±parinibb±y², na antar±bhavabh³toti purimassa suttapadassa attho. Pacchimassa ca ye bh³t± eva, na bhavissanti, te kh²ŗ±sav± purimapade bh³t±ti vutt±. Tabbiruddhat±ya sambhavamesant²ti sambhavesino, appah²nabhavasa½yojanatt± sekh± puthujjan± ca. Cat³su v± yon²su aŗ¹ajajal±bujasatt± y±va aŗ¹akosa½ vatthikosańca na bhindanti, t±va sambhaves² n±ma, aŗ¹akosato vatthikosato ca bahi nikkhant± bh³t± n±ma. Sa½sedaj± opap±tik± ca paµhamacittakkhaŗe sambhaves² n±ma, dutiyacittakkhaŗato paµµh±ya bh³t± n±ma. Yena v± iriy±pathena j±yanti, y±va tato ańńa½ na p±puŗanti, t±va sambhavesino, tato para½ bh³t±ti attho. Tasm± natth²ti paµikkhipitabb±. Sati hi ujuke p±¼i-anugate atthe ki½ aniddh±ritas±matthiyena antar±bhavena parikappitena payojananti. Ye pana sant±navasena pavattam±n±na½ dhamm±na½ avicchedena desantaresu p±tubh±vo diµµho, yath± ta½ v²hi-±di-avińń±ŗakasant±ne, eva½ savińń±ŗakasant±nepi avicchedena desantaresu p±tubh±vena bhavitabba½. Ayańca nayo sati antar±bhave yujjati, na ańńath±ti yutti½ vadanti. Tena hi iddhimato cetovasippattassa citt±nugatika½ k±ya½ adhiµµhahantassa khaŗena brahmalokato idh³pasaŖkamane ito v± brahmalokagamane yutti vattabb±. Yadi sabbattheva avicchinnadese dhamm±na½ pavatti icchit±, yadipi siy± iddhimant±na½ iddhivisayo acinteyyoti. Ta½ idh±pi sam±na½ kammavip±ko acinteyyoti vacanato. Tasm± ta½ tesa½ matimattameva. Acinteyyasabh±v± hi sabh±vadhamm±, te katthaci paccayavasena vicchinnadese p±tubhavanti, katthaci avicchinnadese. Tath± hi mukhaghos±d²hi paccayehi ańńasmi½ dese ±d±sapabbatappades±dike paµibimbapaµighos±dika½ paccayuppanna½ nibbattam±na½ dissati, tasm± na sabba½ sabbattha upanetabbanti ayamettha saŖkhepo. Vitth±ro pana paµibimbassa ud±haraŗabh±vas±dhan±diko antar±bhavakath±vic±ro kath±vatthupakaraŗassa (kath±. 505; kath±. aµµha. 505) µ²k±ya½ gahetabbo. Apare pana idh±ti k±mabhavo, huranti ar³pabhavo, ubhayamantaren±ti r³pabhavo vuttoti. Ańńe idh±ti ajjhattik±yatan±ni, huranti b±hir±yatan±ni, ubhayamantaren±ti cittacetasik±ti. Idh±ti v± paccayadhamm±, huranti paccayuppannadhamm±, ubhayamantaren±ti paŗŗattidhamm± vutt±ti vadanti. Ta½ sabba½ aµµhakath±su natthi. Eva½ t±va diµµhe diµµhamatta½ bhavissat²ti-±din± diµµh±divasena catudh± tebh³makadhamm± saŖgahetabb±. Tattha subhasukhanicca-attagg±haparivajjanamukhena asubhadukkh±nicc±natt±nupassan± dassit±ti heµµhim±hi visuddh²hi saddhi½ saŖkhepeneva vipassan± kathit±. Tato tva½, b±hiya, na ten±ti imin± r±g±d²na½ samucchedassa adhippetatt± maggo. Tato tva½, b±hiya, na tatth±ti imin± phala½. Nevidh±ti-±din± anup±dises± parinibb±nadh±tu kathit±ti daµµhabba½. Tena vutta½ atha kho b±hiyassa
pe
±savehi citta½ vimucc²ti. Im±ya sa½khittapad±ya desan±ya t±vadev±ti tasmi½yeva khaŗe, na k±lantare. Anup±d±y±ti aggahetv±. ¾saveh²ti ±bhavagga½ ±gotrabhu½ savanato pavattanato cirap±riv±siyaµµhena madir±di-±savasadisat±ya ca ±sav±ti laddhan±mehi k±mar±g±d²hi. Vimucc²ti samucchedavimuttiy± paµippassaddhivimuttiy± ca vimucci nissajji. So hi satthu dhamma½ suŗanto eva s²l±ni sodhetv± yath±laddha½ cittasam±dhi½ niss±ya vipassana½ paµµhapetv± khipp±bhińńat±ya t±vadeva sabb±save khepetv± saha paµisambhid±hi arahatta½ p±puŗi. So sa½s±rasota½ chinditv± katavaµµapariyanto antimadehadharo hutv± ek³nav²satiy± paccavekkhaŗ±su pavatt±su dhammat±ya codiyam±no bhagavanta½ pabbajja½ y±ci. Paripuŗŗa½ te pattac²varanti puµµho na paripuŗŗanti ±ha. Atha na½ satth± tena hi pattac²vara½ pariyes±ti vatv± pakk±mi. Tena vutta½ atha kho bhagav±
pe
pakk±m²ti. So kira kassapadasabalassa s±sane v²savassasahass±ni samaŗadhamma½ karonto bhikkhun± n±ma attan± paccaye labhitv± yath±d±na½ karontena attan±va paribhuńjitu½ vaµµat²ti ekassa bhikkhussapi pattena v± c²varena v± saŖgaha½ n±k±si, tenassa ehibhikkhu-upasampad±ya upanissayo n±hosi. Keci pan±hu so kira buddhasuńńe loke coro hutv± dhanukal±pa½ sannayhitv± arańńe corika½ karonto eka½ paccekabuddha½ disv± pattac²varalobhena ta½ usun± vijjhitv± pattac²vara½ gaŗhi, tenassa iddhimayapattac²vara½ na uppajjissat²ti, satth± ta½ ńatv± ehibhikkhubh±vena pabbajja½ na ad±s²ti. Tampi pattac²varapariyesana½ caram±na½ ek± dhenu vegena ±patant² paharitv± j²vitakkhaya½ p±pesi. Ta½ sandh±ya vutta½ atha kho acirapakkantassa bhagavato b±hiya½ d±ruc²riya½ g±v² taruŗavacch± adhipatitv± j²vit± voropes²ti. Tattha acirapakkantass±ti na cira½ pakkantassa bhagavato. G±v² taruŗavacch±ti ek± yakkhin² taruŗavacchadhenur³p±. Adhipatitv±ti abhibhavitv± madditv±. J²vit± voropes²ti purimasmi½ attabh±ve laddh±gh±tat±ya diµµhamatteneva vericitta½ upp±detv± siŖgena paharitv± j²vit± voropesi. Satth± piŗ¹±ya caritv± katabhattakicco sambahulehi bhikkh³hi saddhi½ nagarato nikkhamanto b±hiyassa sar²ra½ saŖk±raµµh±ne patita½ disv± bhikkh³ ±ŗ±pesi bhikkhave, ekasmi½ gharadv±re µhatv± mańcaka½ ±har±petv± ida½ sar²ra½ nagarato n²haritv± jh±petv± th³pa½ karoth±ti, bhikkh³ tath± aka½su. Katv± ca pana vih±ra½ gantv± satth±ra½ upasaŖkamitv± attan± katakicca½ ±rocetv± tassa abhisampar±ya½ pucchi½su. Atha nesa½ bhagav± tassa parinibbutabh±va½ ±cikkhi. Bhikkh³ tumhe, bhante, b±hiyo d±ruc²riyo arahatta½ pattoti vadatha, kad± so arahatta½ pattoti pucchi½su. Mama dhamma½ sutak±leti ca vutte kad± panassa tumhehi dhammo kathitoti? Piŗ¹±ya carantena ajjeva antarav²thiya½ µhatv±ti. Appamattako so, bhante, tumhehi antarav²thiya½ µhatv± kathitadhammo, katha½ so t±vatakena visesa½ nibbattes²ti? Ki½, bhikkhave, mama dhamma½ appa½ v± bahu½ v±ti pamiŗatha, anek±ni g±th±sahass±nipi anatthasa½hit±ni na seyyo, atthanissita½ pana ekampi g±th±pada½ seyyoti dassento
Sahassamapi ce g±th±, anatthapadasańhit±;
eka½ g±th±pada½ seyyo, ya½ sutv± upasammat²ti. (Dha. pa. 101)
Dhammapade ima½ g±tha½ vatv± na kevala½ so parinibb±namattena, atha kho mama s±vak±na½ bhikkh³na½ khipp±bhińń±na½ aggabh±venapi p³j±rahoti dassento etadagga½, bhikkhave, mama s±vak±na½ bhikkh³na½ khipp±bhińń±na½, yadida½ b±hiyo d±ruc²riyoti (a. ni. 1.216) ta½ ±yasmanta½ etadagge µhapesi. Ta½ sandh±ya vutta½ atha kho bhagav± s±vatthiya½ piŗ¹±ya caritv±
pe
parinibbuto, bhikkhave, b±hiyo d±ruc²riyoti.
Tattha pacch±bhattanti bhattakiccato pacch±. Piŗ¹ap±tapaµikkantoti piŗ¹ap±tapariyesanato paµinivatto. Padadvayen±pi katabhattakiccoti vutta½ hoti. N²haritv±ti nagarato bahi netv±. Jh±peth±ti dahatha. Th³pańcassa karoth±ti assa b±hiyassa sar²radh±tuyo gahetv± cetiyańca karotha Tattha k±raŗam±ha sabrahmac±r² vo, bhikkhave, k±lakatoti. Tassattho ya½ tumhe seµµhaµµhena brahma½ adhis²l±dipaµipattidhamma½ sandiµµha½ caratha, ta½ so tumhehi sam±na½ brahma½ acar²ti sabrahmac±r² maraŗak±lassa pattiy±va k±lakato, tasm± ta½ mańcakena n²haritv± jh±petha, th³pańcassa karoth±ti. Tassa k± gat²ti pańcasu gat²su tassa katam± gati upapatti bhavabh³t±, gat²ti nipphatti, ariyo puthujjano v±ti k± niµµh±ti attho. Abhisampar±yoti pecca bhavuppatti bhavanirodho v±. Kińc±pi tassa th³pakaraŗ±ŗattiy±va parinibbutabh±vo atthato pak±sito hoti, ye pana bhikkh³ tattakena na j±ni½su, te tassa k± gat²ti pucchi½su. P±kaµatara½ v± k±r±petuk±m± tath± bhagavanta½ pucchi½su. Paŗ¹itoti aggamaggapańń±ya adhigatatt± paŗ¹ena ito gato pavattoti paŗ¹ito. Paccap±d²ti paµipajji. Dhammass±ti lokuttaradhammassa. Anudhammanti s²lavisuddhi-±dipaµipad±dhamma½. Atha v± dhammass±ti nibb±nadhammassa. Anudhammanti ariyamaggaphaladhamma½. Na ca ma½ dhamm±dhikaraŗanti dhammadesan±hetu na ca ma½ vihesesi yath±nusiµµha½ paµipannatt±. Yo hi satthu santike dhamma½ sutv± kammaµµh±na½ v± gahetv± yath±nusiµµha½ na paµipajjati, so satth±ra½ viheseti n±ma. Ya½ sandh±ya vutta½ vihi½sasańń² paguŗa½ na bh±si½, dhamma½ paŗ²ta½ manujesu brahmeti (mah±va. 9; ma. ni. 1.283; 2.339). Atha v± na ca ma½ dhamm±dhikaraŗanti na ca ima½ dhamm±dhikaraŗa½. Ida½ vutta½ hoti vaµµadukkhato niyy±nahetubh³ta½ ima½ mama s±sanadhamma½ suppaµipannatt± na viheseti. Duppaµipanno hi s±sana½ bhindanto satthu hammasar²re pah±ra½ deti n±ma. Aya½ pana samm±paµipatti½ matthaka½ p±petv± anup±dises±ya nibb±nadh±tuy± parinibb±yi. Tena vutta½ parinibbuto, bhikkhave, b±hiyo d±ruc²riyoti. Etamattha½ viditv±ti eta½ therassa b±hiyassa anup±dises±ya nibb±nadh±tuy± parinibbutabh±va½, tath± parinibbut±nańca kh²ŗ±sav±na½ gatiy± pacurajanehi dubbińńeyyabh±va½ sabb±k±rato viditv±. Ima½ ud±nanti ima½ appatiµµhitaparinibb±n±nubh±vad²paka½ ud±na½ ud±nesi. Tattha yatth±ti yasmi½ nibb±ne ±po ca na g±dhati, pathav² ca tejo ca v±yo ca na g±dhati, na patiµµh±ti. Kasm±? Nibb±nassa asaŖkhatasabh±vatt±. Na hi tattha saŖkhatadhamm±na½ lesopi sambhavati. Sukk±ti sukkavaŗŗat±ya sukk±ti laddhan±m± gahanakkhattat±rak±. Na jotant²ti na bh±santi. ¾dicco nappak±sat²ti t²su d²pesu ekasmi½ khaŗe ±lokapharaŗasamattho ±diccopi ±bh±vasena na dibbati. Na tattha candim± bh±t²ti satipi bh±surabh±ve kantas²talakiraŗo candopi tasmi½ nibb±ne abh±vato eva attano juŗh±vibh±sanena na virocati. Yadi tattha candimas³riy±dayo natthi, lokantaro viya niccandhak±rameva ta½ bhaveyy±ti ±saŖka½ sandh±y±ha tamo tattha na vijjat²ti. Sati hi r³p±bh±ve tamo n±ma na siy±. Yad± ca attan± vedi, muni monena br±hmaŗoti catusaccamunanato monanti laddhan±mena maggań±ŗena k±yamoneyy±d²hi ca samann±gatatt± mun²ti laddhan±mo ariyas±vakabr±hmaŗo teneva monasaŖkh±tena paµivedhań±ŗena yad± yasmi½ k±le aggamaggakkhaŗe attan± sayameva anussav±dike pah±ya attapaccakkha½ katv± nibb±na½ vedi paµivijjhi. Aved²tipi p±µho, ańń±s²ti attho. Atha r³p± ar³p± ca, sukhadukkh± pamuccat²ti ath±ti tassa nibb±nassa j±nanato pacch±. R³p±ti r³padhamm±, tena pańcavok±rabhavo ekavok±rabhavo ca gahito hoti. Ar³p±ti ar³padhamm±, tena r³pen±miss²kato ar³pabhavo gahito hoti. So catuvok±rabhavotipi vuccati. Sukhadukkh±ti sabbattha uppajjanakasukhadukkhatopi vaµµato. Atha v± r³p±ti r³palokapaµisandhito. Ar³p±ti ar³palokapaµisandhito. Sukhadukkh±ti k±m±vacarapaµisandhito. K±mabhavo hi by±missasukhadukkho. Evametasm± sakalatopi vaµµato accantameva muccat²ti g±th±dvayenapi bhagav± mayha½ puttassa b±hiyassa evar³p± nibb±nagat²ti dasseti.
Dasamasuttavaŗŗan± niµµhit±.
Niµµhit± ca bodhivaggavaŗŗan±.