2. Maµµhakuº¹al²vatthu
2. Manopubbaªgam± dhamm±ti dutiyag±th±pi s±vatthiya½yeva maµµhakuº¹ali½ ±rabbha bh±sit±.
S±vatthiya½ kira adinnapubbako n±ma br±hmaºo ahosi. Tena kassaci kiñci na dinnapubba½, tena ta½ “adinnapubbako”tveva sañj±ni½su. Tassa ekaputtako ahosi piyo man±po. Athassa pilandhana½ k±retuk±mo “sace suvaººak±re k±ress±mi, bhattavetana½ d±tabba½ bhavissat²”ti sayameva suvaººa½ koµµetv± maµµh±ni kuº¹al±ni katv± ad±si. Tenassa putto maµµhakuº¹al²tveva paññ±yittha. Tassa so¼asavassikak±le paº¹urogo udap±di. Tassa m±t± putta½ oloketv±, “br±hmaºa, puttassa te rogo uppanno, tikicch±pehi nan”ti ±ha. “Bhoti sace vejja½ ±ness±mi, bhattavetana½ d±tabba½ bhavissati; ki½ tva½ mama dhanaccheda½ na olokessas²”ti? “Atha na½ ki½ karissasi, br±hmaº±”ti? “Yath± me dhanacchedo na hoti, tath± kariss±m²”ti. So vejj±na½ santika½ gantv± “asukarogassa n±ma tumhe ki½ bhesajja½ karoth±”ti pucchi. Athassa te ya½ v± ta½ v± rukkhatac±di½ ±cikkhanti. So tam±haritv± puttassa bhesajja½ karoti. Ta½ karontassevassa rogo balav± ahosi, atekicchabh±va½ up±gami. Br±hmaºo tassa dubbalabh±va½ ñatv± eka½ vejja½ pakkosi. So ta½ oloketv±va “amh±ka½ eka½ kicca½ atthi, añña½ vejja½ pakkositv± tikicch±peh²”ti ta½ pah±ya nikkhami. Br±hmaºo tassa maraºasamaya½ ñatv± “imassa dassanatth±ya ±gat± antogehe s±pateyya½ passissanti, bahi na½ kariss±m²”ti putta½ n²haritv± bahi-±¼inde nipajj±pesi. Ta½ divasa½ bhagav± balavapacc³sasamaye mah±karuº±sam±pattito vuµµh±ya pubbabuddhesu kat±dhik±r±na½ ussannakusalam³l±na½ veneyyabandhav±na½ dassanattha½ buddhacakkhun± loka½ volokento dasasahassacakkav±¼esu ñ±ºaj±la½ patthari. Maµµhakuº¹al² bahi-±¼inde nipann±k±reneva tassa anto paññ±yi. Satth± ta½ disv± tassa antogeh± n²haritv± tattha nipajj±pitabh±va½ ñatv± “atthi nu kho mayha½ ettha gatapaccayena attho”ti upadh±rento ida½ addasa– aya½ m±ºavo mayi citta½ pas±detv± k±la½ katv± t±vati½sadevaloke ti½sayojanike kanakavim±ne nibbattissati, acchar±sahassapariv±ro bhavissati, br±hmaºopi ta½ jh±petv± rodanto ±¼±hane vicarissati. Devaputto tig±vutappam±ºa½ saµµhisakaµabh±r±laªk±rapaµimaº¹ita½ acchar±sahassapariv±ra½ attabh±va½ oloketv± “kena nu kho kammena may± aya½ sirisampatti laddh±”ti oloketv± mayi cittappas±dena laddhabh±va½ ñatv± “aya½ br±hmaºo dhanacchedabhayena mama bhesajjamakatv± id±ni ±¼±hana½ gantv± rodati, vippak±rappatta½ na½ kariss±m²”ti pitari rodante maµµhakuº¹alivaººena ±gantv± ±¼±hanass±vid³re nipajjitv± rodissati. Atha na½ br±hmaºo “kosi tvan”ti pucchissati. “Aha½ te putto maµµhakuº¹al²”ti ±cikkhissati. “Kuhi½ nibbattos²”ti? “T±vasi½sabhavane”ti. “Ki½ kamma½ katv±”ti vutte mayi cittappas±dena nibbattabh±va½ ±cikkhissati. Br±hmaºo “tumhesu citta½ pas±detv± sagge nibbatto n±ma atth²”ti ma½ pucchissati. Athass±ha½ “ettak±ni sat±ni v± sahass±ni v± satasahass±ni v±ti na sakk± gaºan± paricchinditun”ti vatv± dhammapade g±tha½ bh±siss±mi. G±th±pariyos±ne catur±s²tiy± p±ºasahass±na½ dhamm±bhisamayo bhavissati, maµµha kuº¹al² sot±panno bhavissati. Tath± adinnapubbako br±hmaºo. Iti ima½ kulaputta½ niss±ya mah±dhamm±bhisamayo bhavissat²ti disv± punadivase katasar²rapaµijaggano mah±bhikkhusaªghaparivuto s±vatthi½ piº¹±ya pavisitv± anupubbena br±hmaºassa gehadv±ra½ gato. Tasmi½ khaºe maµµhakuº¹al² antogeh±bhimukho nipanno hoti. Athassa satth± attano apassanabh±va½ ñatv± eka½ rasmi½ vissajjesi. M±ºavo “ki½ obh±so n±meso”ti parivattetv± nipannova satth±ra½ disv±, “andhab±lapitara½ niss±ya evar³pa½ buddha½ upasaªkamitv± k±yaveyy±vaµika½ v± k±tu½ d±na½ v± d±tu½ dhamma½ v± sotu½ n±lattha½, id±ni me hatth±pi anadhipateyy±, añña½ kattabba½ natth²”ti manameva pas±desi. Satth± “ala½ ettakena cittappas±dena imass±”ti pakk±mi. So tath±gate cakkhupatha½ vijahanteyeva pasannamano k±la½ katv± suttappabuddho viya devaloke ti½sayojanike kanakavim±ne nibbatti. Br±hmaºopissa sar²ra½ jh±petv± ±¼±hane rodanapar±yaºo ahosi, devasika½ ±¼±hana½ gantv± rodati– “kaha½ ekaputtaka, kaha½ ekaputtak±”ti. Devaputtopi attano sampatti½ oloketv±, “kena me kammena laddh±”ti upadh±rento “satthari manopas±den±”ti ñatv± “aya½ br±hmaºo mama aph±sukak±le bhesajjamak±retv± id±ni ±¼±hana½ gantv± rodati, vippak±rappattameva na½ k±tu½ vaµµat²”ti maµµhakuº¹alivaººena ±gantv± ±¼±hanass±vid³re b±h± paggayha rodanto aµµh±si. Br±hmaºo ta½ disv± “aha½ t±va puttasokena rod±mi, esa kimattha½ rodati, pucchiss±mi nan”ti pucchanto ima½ g±tham±ha–
“Alaªkato maµµhakuº¹al²,
m±ladh±r² haricandanussado;
b±h± paggayha kandasi,
vanamajjhe ki½ dukkhito tuvan”ti. (Vi. va. 1207; pe va. 186).
So m±ºavo ±ha–
“Sovaººamayo pabhassaro,
uppanno rathapañjaro mama;
tassa cakkayuga½ na vind±mi,
tena dukkhena jah±mi j²vitan”ti. (Va. 1208; pe va. 187).
Atha na½ br±hmaºo ±ha–
“Sovaººamaya½ maºimaya½,
lohitakamaya½ atha r³piyamaya½;
±cikkha me bhadda m±ºava,
cakkayuga½ paµip±day±mi te”ti. (Vi. va. 1209; pe va. 188).
Ta½ sutv± m±ºavo “aya½ br±hmaºo puttassa bhesajjamakatv± puttapatir³paka½ ma½ disv± rodanto ‘suvaºº±dimaya½ rathacakka½ karom²’ti vadati, hotu niggaºhiss±mi nan”ti cintetv± “k²va mahanta½ me cakkayuga½ karissas²”ti vatv± “y±va mahanta½ ±kaªkhasi, t±va mahanta½ kariss±m²”ti vutte “candimas³riyehi me attho, te me deh²”ti y±canto ±ha–
“So m±ºavo tassa p±vadi,
candas³riy± ubhayettha dissare;
sovaººamayo ratho mama,
tena cakkayugena sobhat²”ti. (Vi. va. 1210; pe va. 189).
Atha na½ br±hmaºo ±ha–
“B±lo kho tva½ asi m±ºava,
yo tva½ patthayase apatthiya½;
maññ±mi tuva½ marissasi,
na hi tva½ lacchasi candas³riye”ti. (Vi. va. 1211; pe va. 190).
Atha na½ m±ºavo ±ha– “Ki½ pana paññ±yam±nassatth±ya rodanto b±lo hoti, ud±hu apaññ±yam±nassatth±y±”ti vatv±–
“Gaman±gamanampi dissati,
vaººadh±tu ubhayattha v²thiy±;
peto k±lakato na dissati,
ko nidha kandata½ b±lyataro”ti. (Vi. va. 1212; pe va. 191).
Ta½ sutv± br±hmaºo “yutta½ esa vadat²”ti sallakkhetv±–
“Sacca½ kho vadesi m±ºava,
ahameva kandata½ b±lyataro;
canda½ viya d±rako ruda½,
peta½ k±lakat±bhipatthayin”ti. (Vi. va. 1213; pe va. 192)–
Vatv± tassa kath±ya nissoko hutv± m±ºavassa thuti½ karonto im± g±th± abh±si–
“¾ditta½ vata ma½ santa½, ghatasitta½va p±vaka½;
v±rin± viya osiñca½, sabba½ nibb±paye dara½.
“Abbah² vata me salla½, soka½ hadayanissita½;
yo me sokaparetassa, puttasoka½ ap±nudi.
“Sv±ha½ abb³¼hasallosmi, s²tibh³tosmi nibbuto;
na soc±mi na rod±mi, tava sutv±na m±ºav±”ti. (Vi. va. 1214-1216; pe va. 193-195).
Atha na½ “ko n±ma tvan”ti pucchanto–
“Devat±nusi gandhabbo, adu sakko purindado;
ko v± tva½ kassa v± putto, katha½ j±nemu ta½ mayan”ti. (Vi. va. 1217; pe va. 196)–
¾ha. Athassa m±ºavo–
“Yañca kandasi yañca rodasi,
putta½ ±¼±hane saya½ dahitv±;
sv±ha½ kusala½ karitv± kamma½,
tidas±na½ sahabyata½ gato”ti. (Vi. va. 1218; pe va. 197)–
¾cikkhi Atha na½ br±hmaºo ±ha–
“Appa½ v± bahu½ v± n±ddas±ma,
d±na½ dadantassa sake ag±re;
uposathakamma½ v± t±disa½,
kena kammena gatosi devalokan”ti. (Vi. va. 1219; pe va. 198).
M±ºavo ±ha–
“¾b±dhikoha½ dukkhito gil±no,
±t³rar³pomhi sake nivesane;
buddha½ vigataraja½ vitiººakaªkha½,
addakkhi½ sugata½ anomapañña½.
“Sv±ha½ muditadhano pasannacitto,
añjali½ akari½ tath±gatassa;
t±ha½ kusala½ karitv±na kamma½,
tidas±na½ sahabyata½ gato”ti. (Vi. va. 1220-1221; pe va. 199-200).
Tasmi½ kathenteyeva br±hmaºassa sakalasar²ra½ p²tiy± parip³ri. So ta½ p²ti½ pavedento–
“Acchariya½ vata abbhuta½ vata,
añjalikammassa ayam²diso vip±ko;
ahampi pamuditamano pasannacitto,
ajjeva buddha½ saraºa½ vaj±m²”ti. (Vi. va. 1222; pe va. 201)–
¾ha. Atha na½ m±ºavo–
“Ajjeva buddha½ saraºa½ vaj±hi,
dhammañca saªghañca pasannacitto;
tatheva sikkh±pad±ni pañca,
akhaº¹aphull±ni sam±diyassu.
P±º±tip±t± viramassu khippa½,
loke adinna½ parivajjayassu;
amajjapo m± ca mus± bhaº±hi,
sakena d±rena ca hohi tuµµho”ti. (Vi. va. 1223-1224; pe va. 202-203)–
¾ha So “s±dh³”ti sampaµicchitv± im± g±th± abh±si–
“Atthak±mosi me yakkha, hitak±mosi devate;
karomi tuyha½ vacana½, tva½si ±cariyo mama.
“Upemi saraºa½ buddha½, dhammañc±pi anuttara½;
saªghañca naradevassa, gacch±mi saraºa½ aha½.
“P±º±tip±t± viram±mi khippa½,
loke adinna½ parivajjay±mi;
amajjapo no ca mus± bhaº±mi,
sakena d±rena ca homi tuµµho”ti. (Vi. va. 1225-1227; pe va. 204-206).
Atha na½ devaputto, “br±hmaºa, te gehe bahu½ dhana½ atthi, satth±ra½ upasaªkamitv± d±na½ dehi, dhamma½ suº±hi, pañha½ pucch±h²”ti vatv± tattheva antaradh±yi. Br±hmaºopi geha½ gantv± br±hmaºi½ ±mantetv±, “bhadde, aha½ ajja samaºa½ gotama½ nimantetv± pañha½ pucchiss±mi, sakk±ra½ karoh²”ti vatv± vih±ra½ gantv± satth±ra½ neva abhiv±detv± na paµisanth±ra½ katv± ekamanta½ µhito, “bho gotama, adhiv±sehi ajjatan±ya bhatta½ saddhi½ bhikkhusaªghen±”ti ±ha. Satth± adhiv±sesi. So satthu adhiv±sana½ viditv± vegen±gantv± sake nivesane paº²ta½ kh±dan²ya½ bhojan²yañca paµiy±d±pesi. Satth± bhikkhusaªghaparivuto tassa geha½ gantv± paññatt±sane nis²di. Br±hmaºo sakkacca½ parivisi, mah±jano sannipati. Micch±diµµhikena kira tath±gate nimantite dve janak±y± sannipatanti micch±diµµhik± “ajja samaºa½ gotama½ pañha½ pucchan±ya viheµhiyam±na½ passiss±m±”ti sannipatanti, samm±diµµhik± “ajja buddhavisaya½ buddhal²¼a½ passiss±m±”ti sannipatanti. Atha kho br±hmaºo katabhattakicca½ tath±gatamupasaªkamitv± n²c±sane nisinno pañha½ pucchi– “bho gotama, tumh±ka½ d±na½ adatv± p³ja½ akatv± dhamma½ asutv± uposathav±sa½ avasitv± kevala½ manopas±damatteneva sagge nibbatt± n±ma hont²”ti? “Br±hmaºa, kasm± ma½ pucchasi, nanu te puttena maµµhakuº¹alin± mayi mana½ pas±detv± attano sagge nibbattabh±vo kathito”ti? “Kad±, bho gotam±”ti? Nanu tva½ ajja sus±na½ gantv± kandanto avid³re b±h± paggayha kandanta½ eka½ m±ºava½ disv± “alaªkato maµµhakuº¹al², m±ladh±r² haricandanussado”ti dv²hi janehi kathitakatha½ pak±sento sabba½ maµµhakuº¹alivatthu½ kathesi. Teneveta½ buddhabh±sita½ n±ma j±ta½. Ta½ kathetv± ca pana “na kho, br±hmaºa, ekasata½ v± na dvesata½, atha kho mayi mana½ pas±detv± sagge nibbatt±na½ gaºan± n±ma natth²”ti ±ha. Atha mah±jano na nibbematiko hoti, athassa anibbematikabh±va½ viditv± satth± “maµµhakuº¹alidevaputto vim±neneva saddhi½ ±gacchat³”ti adhiµµh±si. So tig±vutappam±ºeneva dibb±bharaºapaµimaº¹itena attabh±vena ±gantv± vim±nato oruyha satth±ra½ vanditv± ekamanta½ aµµh±si. Atha na½ satth± “tva½ ima½ sampatti½ ki½ kamma½ katv± paµilabh²”ti pucchanto–
“Abhikkantena vaººena, y± tva½ tiµµhasi devate;
obh±sent² dis± sabb±, osadh² viya t±rak±;
pucch±mi ta½ deva mah±nubh±va, manussabh³to kimak±si puññan”ti.–
G±tham±ha. “Devaputto aya½ me, bhante, sampatti tumhesu citta½ pas±detv± laddh±”ti. “Mayi citta½ pas±detv± laddh± te”ti? “¾ma, bhante”ti. Mah±jano devaputta½ oloketv± “acchariy± vata, bho, buddhaguº±, adinnapubbakabr±hmaºassa n±ma putto añña½ kiñci puñña½ akatv± satthari citta½ pas±detv± evar³pa½ sampatti½ paµilabh²”ti tuµµhi½ pavedesi.
Atha nesa½ kusal±kusalakammakaraºe manova pubbaªgamo, manova seµµho. Pasannena hi manena kata½ kamma½ devaloka½ manussaloka½ gacchanta½ puggala½ ch±y±va na vijahat²ti ida½ vatthu½ kathetv± anusandhi½ ghaµetv± patiµµh±pitamattika½ s±sana½ r±jamudd±ya lañchanto viya dhammar±j± ima½ g±tham±ha–
2. “Manopubbaªgam± dhamm±, manoseµµh± manomay±.
Manas± ce pasannena, bh±sati v± karoti v±.
Tato na½ sukhamanveti, ch±y±va anap±yin²”ti.
Tattha kiñc±pi manoti avisesena sabbampi catubh³mikacitta½ vuccati, imasmi½ pana pade niyamiyam±na½ vavatth±piyam±na½ paricchijjiyam±na½ aµµhavidha½ k±m±vacarakusalacitta½ labbhati. Vatthuvasena pan±hariyam±na½ tatopi somanassasahagata½ ñ±ºasampayuttacittameva labbhati. Pubbaªgam±ti tena paµhamag±min± hutv± samann±gat±. Dhamm±ti vedan±dayo tayo khandh±. Ete hi upp±dapaccayaµµhena somanassasampayuttamano pubbaªgamo etesanti manopubbaªgam± n±ma. Yath± hi bah³su ekato hutv± mah±bhikkhusaªghassa c²varad±n±d²ni v± u¼±rap³j±dhammassavan±d²ni v± m±l±gandhasakk±rakaraº±d²ni v± puññ±ni karontesu “ko etesa½ pubbaªgamo”ti vutte yo tesa½ paccayo hoti, ya½ niss±ya te t±ni puññ±ni karonti, so tisso v± phusso v± tesa½ pubbaªgamoti vuccati, eva½sampadamida½ veditabba½. Iti upp±dapaccayaµµhena mano pubbaªgamo etesanti manopubbaªgam±. Na hi te mane anuppajjante uppajjitu½ sakkonti, mano pana ekaccesu cetasikesu anuppajjantesupi uppajjatiyeva. Eva½ adhipativasena pana mano seµµho etesanti manoseµµh±. Yath± hi gaº±d²na½ adhipati puriso gaºaseµµho seºiseµµhoti vuccati, tath± tesampi manova seµµho. Yath± pana suvaºº±d²hi nipph±dit±ni bhaº¹±ni suvaººamay±d²ni n±ma honti, tath± etepi manato nipphannatt± manomay± n±ma. Pasannen±ti anabhijjh±d²hi guºehi pasannena. Bh±sati v± karoti v±ti evar³pena manena bh±santo catubbidha½ vac²sucaritameva bh±sati, karonto tividha½ k±yasucaritameva karoti, abh±santo akaronto t±ya anabhijjh±d²hi pasannam±nasat±ya tividha½ manosucarita½ p³reti. Evamassa dasa kusalakammapath± p±rip³ri½ gacchanti. Tato na½ sukhamanvet²ti tato tividhasucaritato na½ puggala½ sukha manveti. Idha tebh³mikampi kusala½ adhippeta½, tasm± tebh³mikasucarit±nubh±vena sugatibhave nibbatta½ puggala½, duggatiya½ v± sukh±nubhavanaµµh±ne µhita½ k±yavatthukampi itaravatthukampi avatthukamp²ti k±yikacetasika½ vip±kasukha½ anugacchati, na vijahat²ti attho veditabbo. Yath± ki½? Ch±y±va anap±yin²ti yath± hi ch±y± n±ma sar²rappaµibaddh± sar²re gacchante gacchati, tiµµhante tiµµhati nis²dante nis²dati, na sakkoti, “saºhena v± pharusena v± nivatt±h²”ti vatv± v± pothetv± v± nivatt±petu½. Kasm±? Sar²rappaµibaddhatt±. Evameva imesa½ dasanna½ kusalakammapath±na½ ±ciººasam±ciººakusalam³lika½ k±m±vacar±dibheda½ k±yikacetasikasukha½ gatagataµµh±ne anap±yin² ch±y± viya hutv± na vijahat²ti. G±th±pariyos±ne catur±s²tiy± p±ºasahass±na½ dhamm±bhisamayo ahosi, maµµhakuº¹alidevaputto sot±pattiphale patiµµhahi, tath± adinnapubbako br±hmaºo. So t±vamahanta½ vibhava½ buddhas±sane vippakir²ti.
Maµµhakuº¹al²vatthu dutiya½.