3. Kosalasa½yutta½

1. Paµhamavaggo

1. Daharasuttavaººan±

112. Kosalasa½yuttassa paµhame bhagavat± saddhi½ sammod²ti yath± khaman²y±d²ni pucchanto bhagav± tena, eva½ sopi bhagavat± saddhi½ samappavattamodo ahosi. S²todaka½ viya uºhodakena sammodita½ ek²bh±va½ agam±si. Y±ya ca– “kacci, bho gotama, khaman²ya½, kacci y±pan²ya½, kacci bhoto ca gotamassa s±vak±nañca app±b±dha½ app±taªka½ lahuµµh±na½ bala½ ph±suvih±ro”ti-±dik±ya kath±ya sammodi, ta½ p²tip±mojjasaªkh±tasammodajananato sammoditu½ yuttabh±vato ca sammodan²ya½, atthabyañjanamadhurat±ya cirampi k±la½ s±retu½ nirantara½ pavattetu½ arahar³pato saritabbabh±vato ca s±raº²ya½. Suyyam±nasukhato ca sammodan²ya½, anussariyam±nasukhato s±raº²ya½. Tath± byañjanaparisuddhat±ya sammodan²ya½, atthaparisuddhat±ya s±raº²yanti eva½ anekehi pariy±yehi sammodan²ya½ katha½ s±raº²ya½ v²tis±retv± pariyos±petv± niµµhapetv± ito pubbe tath±gatassa adiµµhatt± guº±guºavasena gambh²rabh±va½ v± utt±nabh±va½ v± aj±nanto ekamanta½ nis²di, ekamanta½ nisinno kho ya½ ovaµµikas±ra½ katv± ±gato lokanissaraºabhavokkantipañha½ satthu samm±sambuddhata½ pucchitu½ bhavampi noti-±dim±ha.
Tattha bhavamp²ti pi-k±ro sampiº¹anatthe nip±to, tena ca cha satth±re sampiº¹eti. Yath± p³raº±dayo “samm±sambuddhamh±”ti paµij±nanti, eva½ bhavampi nu paµij±n±t²ti attho. Ida½ pana r±j± na attano laddhiy±, loke mah±janena gahitapaµiññ±vasena pucchati. Atha bhagav± buddhas²han±da½ nadanto ya½ hi ta½ mah±r±j±ti-±dim±ha. Tattha aha½ hi mah±r±j±ti anuttara½ sabbaseµµha½ sabbaññutaññ±ºasaªkh±ta½ samm±sambodhi½ aha½ abhisambuddhoti attho. Samaºabr±hmaº±ti pabbajj³pagamanena samaº±, j±tivasena br±hmaº±. Saªghinoti-±d²su pabbajitasam³hasaªkh±to saªgho etesa½ atth²ti saªghino. Sveva gaºo etesa½ atth²ti gaºino. ¾c±rasikkh±panavasena tassa gaºassa ±cariy±ti gaº±cariy±. ѱt±ti paññ±t± p±kaµ±. “Appicch± santuµµh± appicchat±ya vatthampi na niv±sent²”ti eva½ samuggato yaso etesa½ atth²ti yasassino. Titthakar±ti laddhikar±. S±dhusammat±ti “santo sappuris±”ti eva½ sammat±. Bahujanass±ti assutavato andhab±laputhujjanassa. P³raºoti-±d²ni tesa½ n±magott±ni. P³raºoti hi n±mameva. Tath±, makkhal²ti. So pana gos±l±ya j±tatt± gos±loti vutto. N±µaputtoti n±µassa putto. Belaµµhaputtoti belaµµhassa putto. Kacc±yanoti pakudhassa gotta½. Kesakambalassa dh±raºato ajito kesakambaloti vutto.
Tepi may±ti kappakol±hala½ buddhakol±hala½ cakkavattikol±halanti t²ºi kol±hal±ni. Tattha “vassasatasahassamatthake kappuµµh±na½ bhavissat²”ti kappakol±hala½ n±ma hoti– “ito vassasatasahassamatthake loko vinassissati, metta½ m±ris±, bh±vetha, karuºa½ mudita½ upekkhan”ti manussappathe devat± ghosentiyo vicaranti. “Vassasahassamatthake pana buddho uppajjissat²”ti buddhakol±hala½ n±ma hoti– “ito vassasahassamatthake buddho uppajjitv± dhamm±nudhammapaµipada½ paµipannena saªgharatanena pariv±rito dhamma½ desento vicarissat²”ti devat± ugghosenti. “Vassasatamatthake pana cakkavatt² uppajjissat²”ti cakkavattikol±hala½ n±ma hoti– “ito vassasatamatthake sattaratanasampanno catudd²pissaro sahassa puttapariv±ro veh±saªgamo cakkavattir±j± uppajjissat²”ti devat± ugghosenti.
Imesu t²su kol±halesu ime cha satth±ro buddhakol±hala½ sutv± ±cariye payirup±sitv± cint±m±ºivijj±d²ni uggaºhitv±– “maya½ buddhamh±”ti paµiñña½ katv± mah±janaparivut± janapada½ vicarant± anupubbena s±vatthiya½ patt±. Tesa½ upaµµh±k± r±j±na½ upasaªkamitv±, “mah±r±ja, p³raºo kassapo…pe… ajito kesakambalo buddho kira sabbaññ³ kir±”ti ±rocesu½. R±j± “tumheva ne nimantetv± ±neth±”ti ±ha Te gantv± tehi, “r±j± vo nimanteti. Rañño gehe bhikkha½ gaºhath±”ti vutt± gantu½ na ussahanti, punappuna½ vuccam±n± upaµµh±k±na½ citt±nurakkhaºatth±ya adhiv±setv± sabbe ekatova agama½su. R±j± ±san±ni paññ±petv± “nis²dant³”ti ±ha. Nigguº±na½ attabh±ve r±jusm± n±ma pharati, te mah±rahesu ±sanesu nis²ditu½ asakkont± phalakesu ceva bh³miya½ ca nis²di½su.
R±j± “ettakeneva natthi tesa½ anto sukkadhammo”ti vatv± ±h±ra½ adatv±va t±lato patita½ muggarena pothento viya “tumhe buddh±, na buddh±”ti pañha½ pucchi. Te cintayi½su– “sace ‘buddhamh±’ti vakkh±ma, r±j± buddhavisaye pañha½ pucchitv± kathetu½ asakkonte ‘tumhe maya½ buddh±ti mah±jana½ vañcetv± ±hiº¹ath±’ti jivhampi chind±peyya, aññampi anattha½ kareyy±”ti sakapaµiññ±ya eva ‘na maya½ buddh±’ti vadi½su. Atha ne r±j± gehato nika¹¹h±pesi. Te r±jagharato nikkhante upaµµh±k± pucchi½su– “ki½ ±cariy± r±j± tumhe pañha½ pucchitv± sakk±rasamm±na½ ak±s²”ti? R±j± “buddh± tumhe”ti pucchi, tato maya½– “sace aya½ r±j± buddhavisaye pañha½ kathiyam±na½ aj±nanto amhesu mana½ padosessati, bahu½ apuñña½ pasavissat²”ti rañño anukamp±ya ‘na maya½ buddh±’ti vadimh±, maya½ pana buddh± eva, amh±ka½ buddhabh±vo, udakena dhovitv±pi haritu½ na sakk±ti. Iti bahiddh± ‘buddhamh±’ti ±ha½su– rañño santike ‘na maya½ buddh±’ti vadi½s³ti, ida½ gahetv± r±j± evam±ha. Tattha ki½ pana bhava½ gotamo daharo ceva j±tiy±, navo ca pabbajj±y±ti ida½ attano paµiñña½ gahetv± vadati. Tattha kinti paµikkhepavacana½. Ete j±timahallak± ca cirapabbajit± ca “buddhamh±”ti na paµij±nanti, bhava½ gotamo j±tiy± ca daharo pabbajj±ya ca navo ki½ paµij±n±ti? M± paµij±n±h²ti attho.
Na uññ±tabb±ti na avaj±nitabb±. Na paribhotabb±ti na paribhavitabb±. Katame catt±roti kathetukamyat±pucch±. Khattiyoti r±jakum±ro. Uragoti ±s²viso. Agg²ti aggiyeva. Bhikkh³ti imasmi½ pana pade desan±kusalat±ya att±na½ abbhantara½ katv± s²lavanta½ pabbajita½ dasseti. Ettha ca dahara½ r±jakum±ra½ disv±, ukkamitv± magga½ adento, p±rupana½ anapanento, nisinn±sanato anuµµhahanto, hatthipiµµh±d²hi anotaranto, heµµh± katv± maññanavasena aññampi evar³pa½ an±c±ra½ karonto khattiya½ avaj±n±ti n±ma. “Bhaddako vat±ya½ r±jakum±ro, mah±kaº¹o mahodaro– ki½ n±ma ya½kiñci cor³paddava½ v³pasametu½ yattha katthaci µh±ne rajja½ anus±situ½ sakkhissat²”ti-±d²ni vadanto paribhoti n±ma. Añjanisal±kamattampi ±s²visapotaka½ kaºº±d²su pi¼andhanto aªgulimpi jivhampi ¹a½s±pento uraga½ avaj±n±ti n±ma “Bhaddako vat±ya½ ±s²viso udakade¹¹ubho viya ki½ n±ma kiñcideva ¹a½situ½ kassacideva k±ye visa½ pharitu½ sakkhissat²”ti-±d²ni vadanto paribhoti n±ma. Khajjopanakamattampi aggi½ gahetv± hatthena k²¼anto bhaº¹ukkhalik±ya khipanto c³¼±ya v± sayanapiµµhas±µakapasibbak±d²su v± µhapento aggi½ avaj±n±ti n±ma. “Bhaddako vat±ya½ aggi katara½ nu kho y±gubhatta½ pacissati, katara½ macchama½sa½, kassa s²ta½ vinodessat²”ti-±d²ni vadanto paribhoti n±ma. Daharas±maºerampi pana disv± ukkamitv± magga½ adentoti r±jakum±re vutta½ an±c±ra½ karonto bhikkhu½ avaj±n±ti n±ma. “Bhaddako vat±ya½ s±maºero mah±kaºµho mahodaro ya½kiñci buddhavacana½ uggahetu½ ya½kiñci arañña½ ajjhog±hetv± vasitu½ sakkhissati, saªghattherak±le man±po bhavissat²”ti-±d²ni vadanto paribhoti n±ma. Ta½ sabbampi na k±tabbanti dassento na uññ±tabbo na paribhotabboti ±ha.
Etadavoc±ti eta½ g±th±bandha½ avoca. G±th± ca n±met± tadatthad²pan±pi honti visesatthad²pan±pi, tatrim± tadatthampi visesatthampi d²pentiyeva. Tattha khattiyanti khett±na½ adhipati½. Vuttañheta½ “khett±na½ adhipat²ti kho, v±seµµha, ‘khattiyo khattiyo’tveva dutiya½ akkhara½ upanibbattan”ti (d². ni. 3.131). J±tisampannanti t±yeva khattiyaj±tiy± j±tisampanna½. Abhij±tanti t²ºi kul±ni atikkamitv± j±ta½.
Ýh±na½ h²ti k±raºa½ vijjati. Manujindoti manussajeµµhako. R±jadaº¹en±ti rañño uddhaµadaº¹ena, so appako n±ma na hoti, dasasahassav²satisahassappam±ºo hotiyeva. Tasmi½ pakkamate bhusanti tasmi½ puggale balava-upakkama½ upakkamati. Rakkha½ j²vitamattanoti attano j²vita½ rakkham±no ta½ khattiya½ parivajjeyya na ghaµµeyya.
Ucc±vaceh²ti n±n±vidhehi. Vaººeh²ti saºµh±nehi. Yena yena hi vaººena caranto gocara½ labhati, yadi sappavaººena, yadi de¹¹ubhavaººena, yadi dhamanivaººena, antamaso kalandakavaººenapi caratiyeva. ¾sajj±ti patv±. B±lanti yena b±lena ghaµµito, ta½ b±la½ nara½ v± n±ri½ v± ¹a½seyya.
Pah³tabhakkhanti bahubhakkha½. Aggissa hi abhakkha½ n±ma natthi. J±linanti j±lavanta½. P±vakanti aggi½. P±vagantipi p±µho. Kaºhavattaninti vattan²ti maggo, aggin± gatamaggo kaºho hoti k±¼ako, tasm± “kaºhavattan²”ti vuccati.
Mah± hutv±n±ti mahanto hutv±. Aggi hi ekad± y±vabrahmalokappam±ºopi hoti. J±yanti tattha p±roh±ti tattha aggin± da¹¹havane p±roh± j±yanti. P±roh±ti tiºarukkh±dayo vuccanti. Te hi aggin± da¹¹haµµh±ne m³lamattepi avasiµµhe p±dato rohanti j±yanti va¹¹hanti, tasm± “p±roh±”ti vuccanti. Puna rohanatthena v± p±roh±. Ahoratt±namaccayeti rattindiv±na½ atikkame. Nid±ghepi deve vuµµhamatte j±yanti.
Bhikkhu ¹ahati tejas±ti ettha akkosanta½ paccakkosanto bhaº¹anta½ paµibhaº¹anto paharanta½ paµipaharanto bhikkhu n±ma kiñci bhikkhutejas± ¹ahitu½ na sakkoti. Yo pana akkosanta½ na paccakkosati, bhaº¹anta½ na paµibhaº¹ati. Paharanta½ na paµipaharati, tasmi½ vippaµipanno tassa s²latejena ¹ayhati. Teneveta½ vutta½. Na tassa putt± pasavoti tassa puttadh²taropi gomahi½sakukkuµas³kar±dayo pasavopi na bhavanti, vinassant²ti attho. D±y±d± vindare dhananti tassa d±y±d±pi dhana½ na vindanti. T±l±vatth³ bhavanti teti te bhikkhutejas± da¹¹h± vatthumatt±vasiµµho matthakacchinnat±lo viya bhavanti, puttadh²t±divasena na va¹¹hant²ti attho.
Tasm±ti yasm± samaºatejena da¹¹h± matthakacchinnat±lo viya aviru¼hidhamm± bhavanti, tasm±. Sammadeva sam±careti samm± sam±careyya. Samm± sam±carantena pana ki½ k±tabbanti? Khattiya½ t±va niss±ya laddhabba½ g±manigamay±nav±han±di-±nisa½sa½, uraga½ niss±ya tassa k²¼±panena laddhabba½ vatthahiraññasuvaºº±di-±nisa½sa½ aggi½ niss±ya tass±nubh±vena pattabba½ y±gubhattapacanas²tavinodan±di-±nisa½sa½, bhikkhu½ niss±ya tassa vasena pattabba½ asutasavanasutapariyodapana-saggamagg±dhigam±di-±nisa½sa½ sampassam±nena “ete niss±ya pubbe vuttappak±ro ±d²navo atthi. Ki½ imeh²”ti? Na sabbaso pah±tabb±. Issariyatthikena pana vuttappak±ra½ avaj±nanañca paribhavanañca akatv± pubbuµµh±yipacch±nip±tit±d²hi up±yehi khattiyakum±ro tosetabbo, eva½ tato issariya½ adhigamissati. Ahituº¹ikena urage viss±sa½ akatv± n±gavijja½ parivattetv± ajapadena daº¹ena g²v±ya gahetv± visaharena m³lena d±µh± dhovitv± pe¼±ya½ pakkhipitv± k²¼±pentena caritabba½. Eva½ ta½ niss±ya gh±sacch±dan±d²ni labhissati. Y±gupacan±d²ni kattuk±mena aggi½ viss±sena bhaº¹ukkhalik±d²su apakkhipitv± hatthehi an±masantena gomayacuºº±d²hi j±letv± y±gupacan±d²ni kattabb±ni, eva½ ta½ niss±ya ±nisa½sa½ labhissati. Asutasavan±d²ni patthayantenapi bhikkhu½ ativiss±sena vejjakammanavakamm±d²su ayojetv± cat³hi paccayehi sakkacca½ upaµµh±tabbo, eva½ ta½ niss±ya asutapubba½ buddhavacana½ asutapubba½ pañh±vinicchaya½ diµµhadhammikasampar±yika½ attha½ tisso kulasampattiyo cha k±masagg±ni nava ca brahmaloke patv± amatamah±nibb±nadassanampi labhissat²ti imamattha½ sandh±ya sammadeva sam±careti ±ha.
Etadavoc±ti dhammadesana½ sutv± pasanno pas±da½ ±vikaronto eta½ “abhikkantan”ti-±divacana½ avoca. Tattha abhikkantanti abhikanta½ ati-iµµha½ atiman±pa½, atisundaranti attho. Ettha ekena abhikkantasaddena desana½ thometi “abhikkanta½, bhante, yadida½ bhagavato dhammadesan±”ti. Ekena attano pas±da½ “abhikkanta½, bhante, yadida½ bhagavato dhammadesana½ ±gamma mama pas±do”ti.
Tato para½ cat³hi upam±hi desana½yeva thometi. Tattha nikkujjitanti adhomukhaµhapita½, heµµh±mukhaj±ta½ v±. Ukkujjeyy±ti uparimukha½ kareyya. Paµicchannanti tiºapaºº±dich±dita½. Vivareyy±ti uggh±µeyya. M³¼hass±ti dis±m³¼hassa. Magga½ ±cikkheyy±ti hatthe gahetv± “esa maggo”ti vadeyya. Andhak±reti k±¼apakkhac±tuddas² a¹¹harattaghanavanasaº¹a meghapaµalehi caturaªge tame. Ida½ vutta½ hoti– yath± koci nikkujjita½ ukkujjeyya, eva½ saddhammavimukha½ asaddhamme patita½ ma½ asaddhamm± vuµµh±pentena, yath± paµicchanna½ vivareyya, eva½ kassapassa bhagavato s±sanantaradh±n± pabhuti micch±diµµhigahanapaµicchanna½ s±sana½ vivarantena, yath± m³¼hassa magga½ ±cikkheyya, eva½ kummaggamicch±maggapaµipannassa me saggamokkhamagga½ ±vikarontena, yath± andhak±re telapajjota½ dh±reyya, eva½ mohandhak±re nimuggassa me buddh±diratanar³p±ni apassato tappaµicch±dakamohandhak±raviddha½sakadesan±pajjota½ dh±rentena mayha½ bhagavat± etehi pariy±yehi pak±sitatt± anekapariy±yena dhammo pak±sitoti.
Eva½ desana½ thometv± im±ya desan±ya ratanattaye pasannacitto pasann±k±ra½ karonto es±hanti-±dim±ha. Tattha es±hanti eso aha½. Bhagavanta½ saraºa½ gacch±mi dhammañca bhikkhusaªghañc±ti bhagavantañca dhammañca bhikkhusaªghañc±ti ima½ ratanattaya½ saraºa½ gacch±mi. Up±saka½ ma½, bhante, bhagav± dh±ret³ti ma½ bhagav± ‘up±sako ayan’ti eva½ dh±retu, j±n±t³ti attho. Ajjataggeti ajjata½ ±di½ katv±. Ajjadaggeti v± p±µho, da-k±ro padasandhikaro, ajja agga½ katv±ti attho. P±ºupetanti p±ºehi upeta½ y±va me j²vita½ pavattati, t±va upeta½ anaññasatthuka½ t²hi saraºagamanehi saraºa½ gata½ up±saka½ kappiyak±raka½ ma½ bhagav± dh±ret³ti ayamettha saªkhepo, vitth±ro pana sumaªgalavil±siniy± d²ghanik±yaµµhakath±ya s±maññaphalasutte sabb±k±rena vuttoti. Paµhama½.