“Vin±sayati assaddha½, saddha½ va¹¹heti s±sane;
eva½ me sutamicceva½, vada½ gotamas±vako”ti.
Ekanti gaºanaparicchedaniddeso. Samayanti paricchinnaniddeso. Eka½ samayanti aniyamitaparid²pana½. Tattha samayasaddo–
“Samav±ye khaºe k±le, sam³he hetudiµµhisu;
paµil±bhe pah±ne ca, paµivedhe ca dissati”.
Tath± hissa “appeva n±ma svepi upasaªkameyy±ma k±lañca samayañca up±d±y±”ti evam±d²su (d². ni. 1.447) samav±yo attho. “Ekova kho, bhikkhave, khaºo ca samayo ca brahmacariyav±s±y±”ti-±d²su (a. ni. 8.29) khaºo. “Uºhasamayo pari¼±hasamayo”ti-±d²su (p±ci. 358) k±lo. “Mah±samayo pavanasmin”ti-±d²su (d². ni. 2.332) sam³ho. “Samayopi kho te, bhadd±li, appaµividdho ahosi, bhagav± kho s±vatthiya½ viharati, bhagav±pi ma½ j±nissati– ‘bhadd±li, n±ma bhikkhu satthus±sane sikkh±ya aparip³rak±r²’ti. Ayampi kho te bhadd±li, samayo appaµividdho ahos²”ti-±d²su (ma. ni. 2.135) hetu. “Tena kho pana samayena ugg±ham±no paribb±jako samaºamuº¹ik±putto samayappav±dake tinduk±c²re ekas±lake mallik±ya ±r±me paµivasat²”ti-±d²su (ma. ni. 2.260) diµµhi.
“Diµµhe dhamme ca yo attho, yo cattho sampar±yiko;
atth±bhisamay± dh²ro, paº¹itoti pavuccat²”ti.–
¾d²su (sa½. ni. 1.129) paµil±bho. “Samm± m±n±bhisamay± antamak±si dukkhass±”ti-±d²su (ma. ni. 1.28) pah±na½. “Dukkhassa p²¼anaµµho saªkhataµµho sant±paµµho vipariº±maµµho abhisamayaµµho”ti-±d²su (paµi. ma. 2.8) paµivedho. Idha panassa k±lo attho. Tena sa½vacchara-utu-m±sa¹¹ham±sa-ratti-diva-pubbaºha-majjhanhika-s±yanha-paµhamamajjhimapacchimay±ma-muhutt±d²su k±lappabhedabh³tesu samayesu eka½ samayanti d²peti.
Tattha kiñc±pi etesu sa½vacchar±d²su samayesu ya½ ya½ sutta½ yasmi½ yasmi½ sa½vacchare utumhi m±se pakkhe rattibh±ge divasabh±ge v± vutta½, sabba½ ta½ therassa suvidita½ suvavatth±pita½ paññ±ya. Yasm± pana “eva½ me suta½ asukasa½vacchare asuka-utumhi asukam±se asukapakkhe asukarattibh±ge asukadivasabh±ge v±”ti eva½ vutte na sakk± sukhena dh±retu½ v± uddisitu½ v± uddis±petu½ v±, bahu ca vattabba½ hoti, tasm± ekeneva padena tamattha½ samodh±netv± “eka½ samayan”ti ±ha. Ye v± ime gabbhokkantisamayo j±tisamayo sa½vegasamayo abhinikkhamanasamayo dukkarak±rikasamayo m±ravijayasamayo abhisambodhisamayo diµµhadhammasukhavih±rasamayo desan±samayo parinibb±nasamayoti evam±dayo bhagavato devamanussesu ativiya suppak±s± anekak±lappabhed± eva samay±. Tesu samayesu desan±samayasaªkh±ta½ eka½ samayanti d²peti. Yo c±ya½ ñ±ºakaruº±kiccasamayesu karuº±kiccasamayo, attahitaparahitapaµipattisamayesu parahitapaµipattisamayo sannipatit±na½ karaº²yadvayasamayesu dhammikath±samayo, desan±paµipattisamayesu desan±samayo, tesupi samayesu aññatara½ sandh±ya “eka½ samayan”ti ±ha. Kasm± panettha yath± abhidhamme “yasmi½ samaye k±m±vacaran”ti ca ito aññesu suttapadesu “yasmi½ samaye, bhikkhave, bhikkhu vivicceva k±meh²”ti ca bhummavacanena niddeso kato, vinaye ca “tena samayena buddho bhagav±”ti karaºavacanena, tath± akatv± “eka½ samayan”ti upayogavacanena niddeso katoti. Tattha tath±, idha ca aññath± atthasambhavato. Tattha hi abhidhamme ito aññesu suttapadesu ca adhikaraºattho bh±venabh±valakkhaºattho ca sambhavati. Adhikaraºañhi k±lattho sam³hattho ca samayo, tattha vutt±na½ phass±didhamm±na½ khaºasamav±yahetusaªkh±tassa ca samayassa bh±vena tesa½ bh±vo lakkh²yati. Tasm± tadatthajotanattha½ tattha bhummavacananiddeso kato. Vinaye ca hetu-attho karaºattho ca sambhavati. Yo hi so sikkh±padapaññattisamayo s±riputt±d²hipi dubbiññeyyo, tena samayena hetubh³tena karaºabh³tena ca sikkh±pad±ni paññ±payanto sikkh±padapaññattihetuñca apekkham±no bhagav± tattha tattha vih±si. Tasm± tadatthajotanattha½ tattha karaºavacanena niddeso kato. Idha pana aññasmi½ ca eva½j±tike accantasa½yogattho sambhavati. Yañhi samaya½ bhagav± ima½ añña½ v± suttanta½ desesi, accantameva ta½ samaya½ karuº±vih±rena vih±si. Tasm± tadatthajotanattha½ idha upayogavacananiddeso katoti. Teneta½ vuccati–
“Ta½ ta½ atthamapekkhitv±, bhummena karaºena ca;
aññatra samayo vutto, upayogena so idh±”ti.
Por±º± pana vaººayanti– “tasmi½ samaye”ti v± “tena samayen±”ti v± “eka½ samayan”ti v± abhil±pamattabhedo esa, sabbattha bhummameva atthoti. Tasm± “eka½ samayan”ti vuttepi “ekasmi½ samaye”ti attho veditabbo. Bhagav±ti garu. Garu½ hi loke “bhagav±”ti vadanti. Ayañca sabbaguºavisiµµhat±ya sabbasatt±na½ garu, tasm± “bhagav±”ti veditabbo. Por±ºehipi vutta½–
“Bhagav±ti vacana½ seµµha½, bhagav±ti vacanamuttama½;
garu g±ravayutto so, bhagav± tena vuccat²”ti. (Visuddhi. 1.142).
Apica–
“Bhagyav± bhaggav± yutto, bhagehi ca vibhattav±;
bhattav± vantagamano, bhavesu bhagav± tato”ti.–
Imiss± g±th±ya vasenassa padassa vitth±rato attho veditabbo. So ca visuddhimagge (visuddhi. 1.144) buddh±nussatiniddese vuttoyeva.
Ett±vat± cettha eva½ me sutanti vacanena yath±suta½ dhamma½ dassento bhagavato dhammasar²ra½ paccakkha½ karoti. Tena “nayida½ atikkantasatthuka½ p±vacana½, aya½ vo satth±”ti satthu adassanena ukkaºµhita½ jana½ samass±seti. Eka½ samaya½ bhagav±ti vacanena tasmi½ samaye bhagavato avijjam±nabh±va½ dassento r³pak±yaparinibb±na½ s±dheti. Tena “eva½vidhassa n±ma ariyadhammassa desako dasabaladharo vajirasaªgh±tasam±nak±yo sopi bhagav± parinibbuto, kena aññena j²vite ±s± janetabb±”ti j²vitamadamatta½ jana½ sa½vejeti, saddhamme cassa uss±ha½ janeti. Evanti ca bhaºanto desan±sampatti½ niddisati. Me sutanti s±vakasampatti½. Eka½ samayanti k±lasampatti½. Bhagav±ti desakasampatti½. S±vatthiyanti eva½n±make nagare. Sam²patthe ceta½ bhummavacana½. Viharat²ti avisesena iriy±pathadibbabrahma-ariyavih±resu aññataravih±rasamaªg²parid²panameta½. Idha pana µh±nagamananisajj±sayanappabhedesu iriy±pathesu aññatara-iriy±pathasam±yogaparid²pana½ tena µhitopi gacchantopi nisinnopi say±nopi bhagav± viharaticceva veditabbo. So hi eka½ iriy±pathab±dhana½ aññena iriy±pathena vicchinditv± aparipatanta½ attabh±va½ harati pavatteti, tasm± “viharat²”ti vuccati. Jetavaneti jetassa r±jakum±rassa vane. Tañhi tena ropita½ sa½va¹¹hita½ parip±lita½ ahosi, tasm± “jetavanan”ti saªkha½ gata½. Tasmi½ jetavane. An±thapiº¹ikassa ±r±meti an±thapiº¹ikena gahapatin± catupaññ±sahiraññakoµiparicc±gena buddhappamukhassa bhikkhusaªghassa niyy±titatt± “an±thapiº¹ikassa ±r±mo”ti saªkha½ gate ±r±me. Ayamettha saªkhepo, vitth±ro pana papañcas³daniy± majjhimaµµhakath±ya sabb±savasuttavaººan±ya½ (ma. ni. aµµha. 1.14) vutto. Tattha siy±– yadi t±va bhagav± s±vatthiya½ viharati, “jetavane”ti na vattabba½. Atha tattha viharati, “s±vatthiyan”ti na vattabba½. Na hi sakk± ubhayattha eka½ samaya½ viharitunti. Na kho paneta½ eva½ daµµhabba½. Nanu avocumha “sam²patthe bhummavacanan”ti. Tasm± yath± gaªg±yamun±d²na½ sam²pe goy³th±ni carant±ni “gaªg±ya½ caranti, yamun±ya½ carant²”ti vuccati, evamidh±pi yadida½ s±vatthiy± sam²pe jetavana½, tattha viharanto vuccati “s±vatthiya½ viharati jetavane”ti. Gocarag±manidassanattha½ hissa s±vatthivacana½, pabbajit±nur³paniv±saµµh±nanidassanattha½ sesavacana½. Aññatar± devat±ti n±magottavasena ap±kaµ± ek± devat±ti attho. “Abhij±n±ti no, bhante, bhagav± ahu ñ±taññatarassa mahesakkhassa yakkhassa sa½khittena taºh±saªkhayavimutti½ bh±sit±”ti ettha pana abhiññ±to sakkopi devar±j± “aññataro”ti vutto. “Devat±”ti ca ida½ dev±nampi devadh²t±nampi s±dh±raºavacana½. Imasmi½ panatthe devo adhippeto, so ca kho r³p±vacar±na½ dev±na½ aññataro. Abhikkant±ya rattiy±ti ettha abhikkanta-saddo khayasundar±bhir³pa-abbh±numodan±d²su dissati Tattha “abhikkant±, bhante, ratti, nikkhanto paµhamo y±mo ciranisinno bhikkhusaªgho, uddisatu, bhante, bhagav± bhikkh³na½ p±timokkhan”ti evam±d²su (a. ni. 8.20; c³¼ava. 383) khaye dissati. “Aya½ imesa½ catunna½ puggal±na½ abhikkantataro ca paº²tataro c±”ti evam±d²su (a. ni. 4.100) sundare.
“Ko me vandati p±d±ni, iddhiy± yasas± jala½;
abhikkantena vaººena, sabb± obh±saya½ dis±”ti.–
Evam±d²su (vi. va. 857) abhir³pe. “Abhikkanta½ bho gotama, abhikkanta½ bho gotam±”ti evam±d²su (p±r±. 15) abbh±numodane. Idha pana khaye. Tena abhikkant±ya rattiy±, parikkh²º±ya rattiy±ti vutta½ hoti. Tatth±ya½ devaputto majjhimay±masamanantare ±gatoti veditabbo. Niy±mo hi kiresa devat±na½ yadida½ buddh±na½ v± buddhas±vak±na½ v± upaµµh±na½ ±gacchant± majjhimay±masamanantareyeva ±gacchanti.
Abhikkantavaºº±ti idha abhikkanta-saddo abhir³pe, vaººa-saddo pana chavithuti-kulavagga-k±raºa-saºµh±nappam±ºa-r³p±yatan±d²su dissati. Tattha “suvaººavaººosi bhagav±”ti evam±d²su (su. ni. 553) chaviy±. “Kad± saññ³¼h± pana te, gahapati, ime samaºassa vaºº±”ti evam±d²su (ma. ni. 2.77) thutiya½. “Catt±rome, bho gotama, vaºº±”ti evam±d²su (d². ni. 3.115) kulavagge. “Atha kena nu vaººena, gandhathenoti vuccat²”ti evam±d²su (sa½. ni. 1.234) k±raºe. “Mahanta½ hatthir±javaººa½ abhinimminitv±”ti evam±d²su (sa½. ni. 1.138) saºµh±ne. “Tayo pattassa vaºº±”ti evam±d²su (p±r±. 602) pam±ºe. “Vaººo gandho raso oj±”ti evam±d²su r³p±yatane. So idha chaviy± daµµhabbo. Tena abhikkantavaºº± abhir³pacchavi, iµµhavaºº± man±pavaºº±ti vutta½ hoti. Devat± hi manussaloka½ ±gaccham±n± pakativaººa½ pakati-iddhi½ jahitv± o¼±rika½ attabh±va½ katv± atirekavaººa½ atireka-iddhi½ m±petv± naµasamajj±d²ni gacchant± manuss± viya abhisaªkhatena k±yena ±gacchanti. Tattha k±m±vacar± anabhisaªkhatenapi ±gantu½ sakkonti, r³p±vacar± pana na sakkonti. Tesañhi atisukhumo attabh±vo, na tena iriy±pathakappana½ hoti. Tasm± aya½ devaputto abhisaªkhateneva ±gato. Tena vutta½ “abhikkantavaºº±”ti. Kevalakappanti ettha kevala-saddo anavasesa-yebhuyy±by±miss±natirekada¼hatthavisa½yog±di-anekattho. Tath± hissa “kevalaparipuººa½ parisuddha½ brahmacariyan”ti evam±d²su (p±r±. 1) anavasesatthamattho. “Kevalakapp± ca aªgamagadh± pah³ta½ kh±dan²yabhojan²ya½ ±d±ya upasaªkamissant²”ti evam±d²su (mah±va. 43) yebhuyyat±. “Kevalassa dukkhakkhandhassa samudayo hot²”ti evam±d²su (vibha. 225) aby±missat±. “Kevala½ saddh±mattaka½ n³na ayam±yasm±”ti evam±d²su (mah±va. 244) anatirekat±. “¾yasmato, bhante, anuruddhassa b±hiyo n±ma saddhivih±riko kevalakappa½ saªghabhed±ya µhito”ti evam±d²su (a. ni. 4.243) da¼hatthat±. “Keval² vusitav± uttamapurisoti vuccat²”ti evam±d²su (sa½. ni. 3.57) visa½yogo attho. Idha panassa anavasesattho adhippeto.