3. Maghadevasuttavaººan±
308. Eva½ me sutanti maghadevasutta½. Tattha maghadeva-ambavaneti pubbe maghadevo n±ma r±j± ta½ ambavana½ ropesi. Tesu rukkhesu palujjam±nesu aparabh±ge aññepi r±j±no ropesu½yeva. Ta½ pana paµhamavoh±ravasena maghadevambavananteva saªkha½ gata½. Sita½ p±tv±k±s²ti s±yanhasamaye vih±rac±rika½ caram±no ramaº²ya½ bh³mibh±ga½ disv±– “vasitapubba½ nu kho me imasmi½ ok±se”ti ±vajjanto– “pubbe aha½ maghadevo n±ma r±j± hutv± ima½ ambavana½ ropesi½, ettheva pabbajitv± catt±ro brahmavih±re bh±vetv± brahmaloke nibbatti½. Ta½ kho paneta½ k±raºa½ bhikkhusaªghassa ap±kaµa½, p±kaµa½ kariss±m²”ti aggaggadante dassento sita½ p±tu ak±si. Dhammo assa atth²ti dhammiko. Dhammena r±j± j±toti dhammar±j±. Dhamme µhitoti dasakusalakammapathadhamme µhito. Dhamma½ carat²ti sama½ carati Tatra br±hmaºagahapatikes³ti yopi so pubbar±j³hi br±hmaº±na½ dinnaparih±ro, ta½ ah±petv± pakatiniy±meneva ad±si, tath± gahapatik±na½. Ta½ sandh±yeta½ vutta½. Pakkhass±ti imin± p±µih±rikapakkhopi saªgahito. Aµµham²-uposathassa hi paccuggaman±nuggamanavasena sattamiyañca navamiyañca, c±tuddasapannaras±na½ paccuggaman±nuggamanavasena terasiyañca p±µipade c±ti ime divas± p±µih±rikapakkh±ti veditabb±. Tesupi uposatha½ upavasi. 309. Devad³t±ti devoti maccu, tassa d³t±ti devad³t±. Sirasmiñhi palitesu p±tubh³tesu maccur±jassa santike µhito viya hoti, tasm± palit±ni maccudevassa d³t±ti vuccanti. Dev± viya d³t±tipi devad³t±. Yath± hi alaªkatapaµiyatt±ya devat±ya ±k±se µhatv± “asukadivase marissat²”ti vutte ta½ tatheva hoti, eva½ sirasmi½ palitesu p±tubh³tesu devat±by±karaºasadisameva hoti. Tasm± palit±ni devasadis± d³t±ti vuccanti. Visuddhidev±na½ d³t±tipi devad³t±. Sabbabodhisatt± hi jiººaby±dhitamatapabbajite disv±va sa½vegam±pajjitv± nikkhamma pabbajanti. Yath±ha–
“Jiººañca disv± dukhitañca by±dhita½,
matañca disv± gatam±yusaªkhaya½;
k±s±yavattha½ pabbajitañca disv±,
tasm± aha½ pabbajitomhi r±j±”ti.
Imin± pariy±yena palit±ni visuddhidev±na½ d³tatt± devad³t±ti vuccanti.
Kappakassa g±mavara½ datv±ti satasahassuµµh±naka½ jeµµhakag±ma½ datv±. Kasm± ad±si? Sa½viggam±nasatt±. Tassa hi añjalismi½ µhapit±ni palit±ni disv±va sa½vego uppajjati. Aññ±ni catur±s²tivassasahass±ni ±yu atthi, eva½ santepi maccur±jassa santike µhita½ viya att±na½ maññam±no sa½viggo pabbajja½ roceti. Tena vutta½–
“Sire disv±na palita½, maghadevo disampati;
sa½vega½ alabh² dh²ro, pabbajja½ samarocay²”ti.
Aparampi vutta½–
“Uttamaªgaruh± mayha½, ime j±t± vayohar±;
p±tubh³t± devad³t±, pabbajj±samayo mam±”ti.
Purisayugeti va½sasambhave purise. Kesamassu½ oh±retv±ti t±pasapabbajja½ pabbajant±pi hi paµhama½ kesamassu½ oh±retv± pabbajanti, tato paµµh±ya va¹¹hite kese bandhitv± jaµ±kal±padhar± hutv± vicaranti. Bodhisattopi t±pasapabbajja½ pabbaji. Pabbajito pana anesana½ ananuyuñjitv± r±jagehato ±haµabhikkh±ya y±pento brahmavih±ra½ bh±vesi. Tasm± so mett±sahagaten±ti-±di vutta½. Kum±rak²¼ita½ k²¼²ti aªkena aªka½ parihariyam±no k²¼i. M±l±kal±pa½ viya hi na½ ukkhipitv±va vicari½su. Rañño maghadevassa putto…pe… pabbaj²ti imassa pabbajitadivase pañca maªgal±ni ahesu½. Maghadevarañño matakabhatta½, tassa rañño pabbajitamaªgala½, tassa puttassa chattuss±panamaªgala½, tassa puttassa uparajjamaªgala½, tassa puttassa n±makaraºamaªgalanti ekasmi½yeva samaye pañca maªgal±ni ahesu½, sakalajambud²patale unnaªgalamahosi. 311. Puttapaputtak±ti putt± ca puttaputt± c±ti eva½ pavatt± tassa parampar±. Pacchimako ahos²ti pabbajj±pacchimako ahosi. Bodhisatto kira brahmaloke nibbatto– “pavattati nu kho ta½ may± manussaloke nihata½ kaly±ºavattan”ti ±vajjanto addasa– “ettaka½ addh±na½ pavattati, id±ni na pavattissat²”ti. Na kho pan±ha½ mayha½ paveºiy± ucchijjitu½ dass±m²ti attano va½se j±taraññoyeva aggamahesiy± kucchismi½ paµisandhi½ gahetv± attano va½sassa nemi½ ghaµento viya nibbatto, tenevassa nim²ti n±ma½ ahosi. Iti so pabbajitar±j³na½ sabbapacchimako hutv± pabbajitoti pabbajj±pacchimako ahosi. Guºehi pana atirekataro. Tassa hi sabbar±j³hi atirekatar± dve guº± ahesu½ Cat³su dv±resu satasahassa½ satasahassa½ vissajjetv± devasika½ d±na½ ad±si, anuposathikassa ca dassana½ niv±resi. Anuposathikesu hi r±j±na½ passiss±m±ti gatesu dov±riko pucchati “tumhe uposathik± no v±”ti. Ye anuposathik± honti, te niv±reti “anuposathik±na½ r±j± dassana½ na det²”ti. “Maya½ janapadav±sino k±le bhojana½ kuhi½ labhiss±m±”tipi tattha vacanok±so natthi. Cat³su hi dv±resu r±jaªgaºe ca anek±ni bhattac±µisahass±ni paµiyatt±neva honti. Tasm± mah±jano icchiticchitaµµh±ne massu½ k±retv± nh±yitv± vatth±ni parivattetv± yath±rucita½ bhojana½ bhuñjitv± uposathaªg±ni adhiµµh±ya rañño gehadv±ra½ gacchati. Dov±rikena “uposathik± tumhe”ti pucchitapucchit± “±ma ±m±”ti vadanti. Tena hi ±gacchath±ti pavesetv± rañño dasseti. Iti imehi dv²hi guºehi atirekataro ahosi. 312. Dev±na½ t±vati½s±nanti t±vati½sabhavane nibbattadev±na½. Te kira dev± videharaµµhe mithilanagarav±sino rañño ov±de µhatv± pañca s²l±ni rakkhitv± uposathakamma½ katv± tattha nibbatt± rañño guºakatha½ kathenti. Te sandh±ya vutta½ “dev±na½ t±vati½s±nan”ti. Nisinno hot²ti p±s±davarassa uparigato d±nañca s²lañca upaparikkham±no nisinno hoti. Eva½ kirassa ahosi– “d±na½ nu kho mahanta½ ud±hu s²la½, yadi d±na½ mahanta½, ajjhottharitv± d±nameva dass±mi. Atha s²la½, s²lameva p³riss±m²”ti. Tassa “ida½ mahanta½ ida½ mahantan”ti nicchitu½ asakkontasseva sakko gantv± purato p±turahosi. Tena vutta½ atha kho, ±nanda,…pe… sammukhe p±turahos²ti. Eva½ kirassa ahosi– “rañño kaªkh± uppann±, tassa kaªkhacchedanattha½ pañhañca kathess±mi, idh±gamanatth±ya paµiññañca gaºhiss±m²”ti Tasm± gantv± sammukhe p±turahosi. R±j± adiµµhapubba½ r³pa½ disv± bh²to ahosi lomahaµµhaj±to. Atha na½ sakko– “m± bh±yi, mah±r±ja, vissattho pañha½ puccha, kaªkha½ te paµivinodess±m²”ti ±ha. R±j±
“Pucch±mi ta½ mah±r±ja, sabbabh³t±namissara;
d±na½ v± brahmacariya½ v±, katama½ su mahapphalan”ti.–
Pañha½ pucchi. Sakko– “d±na½ n±ma ki½, s²lameva guºavisiµµhat±ya mahanta½. Ahañhi pubbe, mah±r±ja, dasavassasahass±ni dasanna½ jaµilasahass±na½ d±na½ datv± pettivisayato na mutto, s²lavant± pana mayha½ d±na½ bhuñjitv± brahmaloke nibbatt±”ti vatv± im± g±th± avoca–
“H²nena brahmacariyena, khattiye upapajjati;
majjhimena ca devatta½, uttamena visujjhati.
Na hete sulabh± k±y±, y±cayogena kenaci;
ye k±ye upapajjanti, an±g±r± tapassino”ti. (J±. 2.22.429-430).
Eva½ rañño kaªkha½ vinodetv± devalokagaman±ya paµiññ±gahaºattha½ l±bh± te mah±r±j±ti-±dim±ha. Tattha avikampam±noti abh±yam±no. Adhiv±ses²ti aha½ mah±jana½ kusala½ sam±dapemi, puññavant±na½ pana vasanaµµh±na½ disv± ±gatena manussapathe sukha½ kathetu½ hot²ti adhiv±sesi. 313. Eva½ bhaddantav±ti eva½ hotu bhaddaka½ tava vacananti vatv±. Yojetv±ti ekasmi½yeva yuge sahassa-ass±j±n²ye yojetv±. Tesa½ pana p±µiyekka½ yojanakicca½ natthi, mana½ ±gamma yutt±yeva honti. So pana dibbaratho diya¹¹hayojanasatiko hoti, naddhito paµµh±ya rathas²sa½ paññ±sayojan±ni, akkhabandho paºº±sayojan±ni, akkhabandhato paµµh±ya pacch±bh±go paºº±sayojan±ni, sabbo sattavaººaratanamayo. Devaloko n±ma uddha½, manussaloko adho, tasm± heµµh±mukha½ ratha½ peses²ti na sallakkhetabba½. Yath± pana pakatimagga½ peseti, evameva manuss±na½ s±yam±sabhatte niµµhite candena saddhi½ yuganaddha½ katv± pesesi, yamakacand± uµµhit± viya ahesu½. Mah±jano disv± “yamakacand± uggat±”ti ±ha. ¾gacchante ±gacchante na yamakacand±, eka½ vim±na½, na vim±na½, eko rathoti. Rathopi ±gacchanto ±gacchanto pakatirathappam±ºova, ass±pi pakati-assappam±º±va ahesu½. Eva½ ratha½ ±haritv± rañño p±s±da½ padakkhiºa½ katv± p±c²nas²hapañjaraµµh±ne ratha½ nivattetv± ±gatamagg±bhimukha½ katv± s²hapañjare µhatv±va ±rohanasajja½ µhapesi. Abhiruha mah±r±j±ti r±j±– “dibbay±na½ me laddhan”ti na t±vadeva abhiruhi, n±gar±na½ pana ov±da½ ad±si “passatha t±t±, ya½ me sakkena devaraññ± dibbaratho pesito, so ca kho na j±tigotta½ v± kulappadesa½ v± paµicca pesito, mayha½ pana s²l±c±raguºe pas²ditv± pesito. Sace tumhepi s²la½ rakkhissatha, tumh±kampi pesessati, eva½ rakkhitu½ yutta½ n±meta½ s²la½. N±ha½ devaloka½ gantv± cir±yiss±mi, appamatt± hoth±”ti mah±jana½ ovaditv± pañcasu s²lesu patiµµh±petv± ratha½ abhiruhi. Tato m±tali saªg±hako “ahampi mah±r±jassa mam±nucchavika½ kariss±m²”ti ±k±samhi dve magge dassetv± apica mah±r±j±ti-±dim±ha. Tattha katamen±ti, mah±r±ja, imesu maggesu eko niraya½ gacchati, eko devaloka½, tesu ta½ katamena nemi. Yen±ti yena maggena gantv± yattha p±pakammant± p±pak±na½ kamm±na½ vip±ka½ paµisa½vediyanti, ta½ µh±na½ sakk± hoti passitunti attho. Dutiyapadepi eseva nayo. J±takepi–
“Kena ta½ nemi maggena, r±jaseµµha disampati;
yena v± p±pakammant±, puññakamm± ca ye nar±”ti. (J±. 2.22.450)–
G±th±ya ayamevattho. Tenev±ha–
“Niraye t±va pass±mi, ±v±se p±pakammina½;
µh±n±ni luddakamm±na½, duss²l±nañca y± gat²”ti. (J±. 2.22.451).
Ubhayeneva ma½ m±tali neh²ti m±tali dv²hi maggehi ma½ nehi, aha½ niraya½ passituk±mo devalokamp²ti. Paµhama½ katamena nem²ti. Paµhama½ nirayamaggena neh²ti. Tato m±tali attano ±nubh±vena r±j±na½ pañcadasa mah±niraye dassesi. Vitth±rakath± panettha–
“Dassesi m±tali rañño, dugga½ vetaraºi½ nadi½;
kuthita½ kh±rasa½yutta½, tatta½ aggisikh³paman”ti. (J±. 2.22.452)–
J±take vuttanayena veditabb±. Niraya½ dassetv± ratha½ nivattetv± devalok±bhimukha½ gantv± b²raº²devadh²t±ya soºadinnadevaputtassa gaºadevaputt±nañca vim±n±ni dassento devaloka½ nesi. Tatr±pi vitth±rakath±–
“Yadi te sut± b²raº² j²valoke,
±m±yad±s² ahu br±hmaºassa;
s± pattak±le atithi½ viditv±,
m±t±va putta½ sakim±bhinand²;
sa½yam± sa½vibh±g± ca,
s± vim±nasmi modat²”ti. (J±. 2.22.507)–
J±take vuttanayeneva veditabb±.
Eva½ gacchato pana tassa rathanemi vaµµiy± cittak³µadv±rakoµµhakassa umm±re pahatamatteva devanagare kol±hala½ ahosi. Sakka½ devar±j±na½ ekaka½yeva oh±ya devasaªgho mah±satta½ paccuggamanamak±si, ta½ devat±na½ ±dara½ disv± sakko citta½ sandh±retu½ asakkonto– “abhirama, mah±r±ja, devesu dev±nubh±ven±”ti ±ha. Eva½ kirassa ahosi– “aya½ r±j± ajja ±gantv± ekadivaseneva devagaºa½ attano abhimukhamak±si. Sace eka½ dve divase vasissati, na ma½ dev± olokessant²”ti. So us³yam±no, “mah±r±ja, tuyha½ imasmi½ devaloke vasitu½ puñña½ natthi, aññesa½ puññena vas±h²”ti imin± adhipp±yena evam±ha. Bodhisatto– “n±sakkhi jarasakko mana½ sandh±retu½, para½ niss±ya laddha½ kho pana y±citv± laddhabhaº¹aka½ viya hot²”ti paµikkhipanto ala½ m±ris±ti-±dim±ha. J±takepi vutta½–
“Yath± y±citaka½ y±na½, yath± y±citaka½ dhana½;
eva½sampadameve ta½, ya½ parato d±napaccay±;
na c±hametamicch±mi, ya½ parato d±napaccay±”ti. (J±. 2.22.585-586)–
Sabba½ vattabba½. Bodhisatto pana manussattabh±vena kativ±re devaloka½ gatoti. Catt±ro– mandh±tur±jak±le s±dhinar±jak±le guttilav²º±v±dakak±le nimimah±r±jak±leti. So mandh±tuk±le devaloke asaªkhyeyya½ k±la½ vasi, tasmiñhi vasam±neyeva chatti½sa sakk± cavi½su. S±dhinar±jak±le satt±ha½ vasi, manussagaºan±ya satta vassasat±ni honti. Guttilav²º±v±dakak±le ca nimir±jak±le ca muhuttamatta½ vasi, manussagaºan±ya satta divas±ni honti.
314. Tattheva mithila½ paµines²ti paµinetv± pakatisirigabbheyeva patiµµh±pesi. 315. Ka¼±rajanakoti tassa n±ma½. Ka¼±radantat±ya pana ka¼±rajanakoti vutto. Na so ag±rasm± anag±riya½ pabbaj²ti ettakamattameva na ak±si, sesa½ sabba½ p±katikameva ahosi. 316. Samucchedo hot²ti ettha kaly±ºavatta½ ko samucchindati, kena samucchinna½, ko pavatteti, kena pavattita½ n±ma hot²ti aya½ vibh±go veditabbo. Tattha s²lav± bhikkhu “na sakk± may± arahatta½ laddhun”ti v²riya½ akaronto samucchindati. Duss²lena samucchinna½ n±ma hoti. Satta sekh± pavattenti. Kh²º±savena pavattita½ n±ma hoti. Sesa½ sabbattha utt±namev±ti.
Papañcas³daniy± majjhimanik±yaµµhakath±ya
Maghadevasuttavaººan± niµµhit±.