Niccad±na-anukulayaññavaººan±

349. Uµµh±y±ti d±ne uµµh±nav²riyam±ha, samuµµh±y±ti tassa s±taccakiriya½. Kasiv±ºijj±dikamm±ni akaronto daliddiy±di-anatth±pattiy± nassissat²ti adhipp±yo. Appasambh±rataro ceva mahapphalataro c±ti saªkhepato aµµhakath±ya½ vutto p±¼iya½ pana “appatthataro ca appasam±rambhataro ca mahapphalataro ca mah±nisa½sataro c±”ti p±µho. Tattha appasambh±rataroti ativiya parittasambh±ro, asam±rabbhiyasambh±ro. Appatthataroti pana ativiya appakicco, attho cettha kicca½, ttha-k±rassa µµha-k±ra½ katv± “appaµµhataro”tipi p±µho. Samm± ±rabh²yati yañño eten±ti sam±rambho, sambh±rasambharaºavasena pavattasattap²¼±, appo sam±rambho etass±ti tath±, aya½ pan±tisayen±ti appasam±rambhataro. Vip±kasaññita½ mahanta½ sadisa½ phalametass±ti mahapphalo, aya½ pan±tisayen±ti mahapphalataro. Udayasaññita½ mahanta½ nissand±diphalametass±ti mah±nisa½so, aya½ pan±tisayen±ti mah±nisa½sataro. Dhuvad±n±n²ti dhuv±ni thir±ni avicchinn±ni katv± d±tabbad±n±ni. Niccabhatt±n²ti ettha bhattas²sena catupaccayaggahaºa½. Anukulayaññ±n²ti anukula½ kul±nukkama½ up±d±ya d±tabbad±n±ni Ten±ha “amh±kan”ti-±di. Y±ni pavattetabb±ni, t±ni anukulayaññ±ni n±m±ti yojetabba½. Nibaddhad±n±n²ti nibandhetv± niyametv± paveº²vasena pavattitad±n±ni.

Hatthidantena kat± dantamayasal±k±, yattha d±yak±na½ n±ma½ aªkanti, imin± ta½ niccabhatta½ sal±kad±navasen±ti dasseti. Ta½ kulanti an±thapiº¹ikakula½. D±liddiyen±ti daliddabh±vena. “Ekasal±kato uddha½ d±tu½ n±sakkh²”ti imin± ekenapi sal±kad±nena nibaddhad±na½ upacchinditumadatv± anurakkhaºam±ha. Raññoti setav±hanarañño.

¾d²ni vatv±ti ettha ±disaddena “kasm± seno viya ma½sapesi½ pakkhanditv± gaºh±s²”ti evam±d²na½ samasamad±ne ussukkanavacan±na½ saªgaho. Galagg±h±ti galaggahaº±. “Kammacchedavasen±”ti imin± attano attano kammok±s±d±nampi p²¼±yev±ti dasseti. Sam±rambhasaddo cettha p²¼anatthoti ±ha “p²¼±saªkh±to sam±rambho”ti. Pubbacetan±muñcacetan±-aparacetan±sampattiy± d±yakavasena t²ºi aªg±ni, v²tar±gat±v²tadosat±v²tamohat±paµipattiy± dakkhiºeyyavasena ca t²º²ti eva½ cha¼aªgasamann±gat± hoti dakkhiº±, cha¼aªguttare nandam±t±suttañca (a. ni. 6.37) tassatthassa s±dhaka½. Apar±para½ uppajjanakacetan±vasena mah±nad² viya, mahogho viya ca ito cito ca abhisanditv± pakkhanditv± pavattito puññameva puññ±bhisando. Tath±vidhanti pam±ºassa k±tu½ asukarattam±ha. K±raºamahattena phalamahattampi veditabba½ upari najj± vuµµhiy± mahogho viy±ti vutta½ “tasm±”ti-±di.

350. Navanavoti sabbad± abhinavo, divase divase d±yakassa by±p±r±pajjanato kiccapariyos±na½ natth²ti vutta½ “eken±”ti-±di. Yath±raddhassa ±v±sassa katipayen±pi k±lena parisam±petabbato kiccapariyos±na½ atth²ti ±ha “paººas±lan”ti-±di. Mah±vih±repi kiccapariyos±nassa atthit±-up±ya½ dassetu½ “ekav±ra½ dhanaparicc±ga½ katv±”ti vutta½. Suttantapariy±yen±ti sabb±savasuttant±dip±¼inayena. Nav±nisa½s±ti s²tapaµigh±t±dayo paµisall±n±r±mapariyos±n± yath±paccavekkhaºa½ gaºit± nava uday±, appamattat±ya cete vutt±.

Yasm± pana ±v±sa½ dentena n±ma sabbampi paccayaj±ta½ dinnameva hoti. Yath±ha sa½yutt±gamavaralañchake “so ca sabbadado hoti yo dad±ti upassayan”ti (sa½. ni. 1.42), sad± puññapava¹¹han³p±yañca eta½. Vuttañhi tattheva “ye dadanti upassaya½, tesa½ div± ca ratto ca, sad± puñña½ pava¹¹hat²”ti (sa½. ni. 1.47) tath± hi dve tayo g±me piº¹±ya caritv± kiñci aladdh± ±gatass±pi ch±y³dakasampanna½ ±r±ma½ pavisitv± nah±yitv± patissaye muhutta½ nipajjitv± uµµh±ya nisinnassa k±ye bala½ ±haritv± pakkhitta½ viya hoti. Bahi vicarantassa ca k±ye vaººadh±tu v±t±tapehi kilamati, patissaya½ pavisitv± dv±ra½ pidh±ya muhutta½ nipannassa visabh±gasantati v³pasammati, sabh±gasantati patiµµh±ti, vaººadh±tu ±haritv± pakkhitt± viya hoti. Bahi vicarantassa ca p±de kaºµako vijjhati, kh±ºu paharati, sar²sap±diparissay± ceva corabhayañca uppajjati, patissaya½ pavisitv± dv±ra½ pidh±ya nipannassa sabbe te parissay± na honti, sajjh±yantassa dhammap²tisukha½, kammaµµh±na½ manasi karontassa upasamasukhañca uppajjati bahiddh± vikkhep±bh±vato. Bahi vicarantassa ca k±ye sed± muccanti akkh²ni phandanti, sen±sana½ pavisanakkhaºe mañcap²µh±d²ni na paññ±yanti, muhutta½ nipannassa pana akkhipas±do ±haritv± pakkhitto viya hoti, dv±rav±tap±namañcap²µh±d²ni paññ±yanti. Etasmiñca ±v±se vasanta½ disv± manuss± cat³hi paccayehi sakkacca½ upaµµhahanti. Tena vutta½ “±v±sa½ dentena…pe… hot²”ti “sad± puññapava¹¹han³p±yañca etan”ti ca, tasm± ete yath±vutt± sabbepi ±nisa½s± veditabb±.

Khandhakapariy±yen±ti sen±sanakkhandhake (c³¼ava. 294) ±gatavinayap±¼inayena. Tattha hi ±gat±–

“S²ta½ uºha½ paµihanti, tato v±¼amig±ni ca;
sar²sape ca makase, sisire c±pi vuµµhiyo.
Tato v±t±tapo ghoro, sañj±to paµihaññati;
leºatthañca sukhatthañca, jh±yituñca vipassitu½.
Vih±rad±na½ saªghassa, agga½ buddhena vaººita½;
tasm± hi paº¹ito poso, sampassa½ atthamattano.
Vih±re k±raye ramme, v±sayettha bahussute;
tesa½ annañca p±nañca, vatthasen±san±ni ca.
Dadeyya ujubh³tesu, vippasannena cetas±;
te tassa dhamma½ desenti, sabbadukkhapan³dana½;
ya½ so dhamma½ idhaññ±ya, parinibb±ti an±savo”ti.–

R±jagahaseµµh±d²na½ vih±rad±nena anumodan±g±th±yo peyy±lavasena dassit±. Tattha s²ta½ uºhanti utuvisabh±gavasena vutta½. Sisire c±pi vuµµhiyoti ettha sisiroti samphusitakav±to vuccati. Vuµµhiyoti ujukameghavuµµhiyo eva. Et±ni sabb±ni “paµihant²”ti imin±va padena yojetabb±ni.

Paµihaññat²ti vih±rena paµihaññati. Leºatthanti nil²yanattha½. Sukhatthanti s²t±diparissay±bh±vena sukhavih±rattha½. “Jh±yituñca vipassitun”ti idampi padadvaya½ “sukhatthañc±”ti imin±va padena yojetabba½. Idañhi vutta½ hoti– sukhatthañca vih±rad±na½, katamasukhattha½? Jh±yitu½, vipassituñca ya½ sukha½ tadattha½. Atha v± parapadenapi yojetabba½– jh±yituñca vipassituñca vih±rad±na½, “idha jh±yissati vipassissat²”ti dadato vih±rad±na½ saªghassa agga½ buddhena vaººita½. Vuttañheta½ “so ca sabbadado hoti, yo dad±ti upassayan”ti (sa½. ni. 1.42).

Yasm± ca agga½ vaººita½, tasm± hi paº¹ito posoti g±th±. V±sayettha bahussuteti ettha vih±re pariyattibahussute ca paµivedhabahussute ca v±seyya. Tesa½ annañc±ti ya½ tesa½ anucchavika½ annañca p±nañca vatth±ni ca mañcap²µh±disen±san±ni ca, ta½ sabba½ tesu ujubh³tesu akuµilacittesu. Dadeyy±ti nidaheyya. Tañca kho vippasannena cetas±, na cittappas±da½ vir±dhetv±. Eva½ vippasannacittassa hi te tassa dhamma½ desenti…pe… parinibb±ti an±savoti ayamettha aµµhakath±nayo.

Aya½ pana ±cariyadhammap±lattherena (d². ni. µ². 1.350) ceva ±cariyas±riputtattherena (s±rattha. µ². 3.295) ca sa½vaººito µ²k±nayo– s²tanti ajjhatta½ dh±tukkhobhavasena v± bahiddh± utuvipariº±mavasena v± uppajjanakas²ta½. Uºhanti aggisant±pa½, tassa vana¹±h±d²su sambhavo daµµhabbo. Paµihant²ti paµib±dhati yath± tadubhayavasena k±yacitt±na½ b±dhana½ na hoti, eva½ karoti. S²tuºhabbh±hate hi sar²re vikkhittacitto bhikkhu yoniso padahitu½ na sakkoti, v±¼amig±n²ti s²habyaggh±dicaº¹amige Guttasen±sanañhi ±raññakampi pavisitv± dv±ra½ pidh±ya nisinnassa te parissay± na honti. Sar²sapeti ye keci sarante gacchante d²ghaj±tike sapp±dike. Makaseti nidassanamattameta½, µa½s±d²nampi eteneva saªgaho daµµhabbo. Sisireti sisirak±lavasena, satt±havaddalik±divasena ca uppanne sisirasamphasse. Vuµµhiyoti yad± tad± uppann± vassavuµµhiyo paµihant²ti yojan±.

V±t±tapo ghoroti rukkhagacch±d²na½ umm³labhañjan±divasena pavattiy± ghoro saraja-araj±dibhedo v±to ceva gimhapari¼±hasamayesu uppattiy± ghoro s³riy±tapo ca paµihaññati paµib±h²yati. Leºatthanti n±n±rammaºato citta½ nivattetv± paµisall±n±r±mattha½. Sukhatthanti vuttaparissay±bh±vena ph±suvih±rattha½. Jh±yitunti aµµhati½s±ya ±rammaºesu yattha katthaci citta½ upanibandhitv± upanijjh±yitu½. Vipassitunti anicc±dito saªkh±re sammasitu½.

Vih±reti patissaye. K±rayeti k±r±peyya. Rammeti manorame niv±sasukhe. V±sayettha bahussuteti k±retv± pana ettha vih±re bahussute s²lavante kaly±ºadhamme niv±seyya, te niv±sento pana tesa½ bahussut±na½ yath± paccayehi kilamatho na hoti, eva½ annañca p±nañca vatthasen±san±ni ca dadeyya ujubh³tesu ajjh±sayasampannesu kammakammaphal±na½, ratanattayaguº±nañca saddahanena vippasannena cetas±.

Id±ni gahaµµhapabbajit±na½ aññamaññ³pak±rita½ dassetu½ “te tass±”ti g±tham±ha. Tattha teti bahussut±. Tass±ti up±sakassa. Dhamma½ desent²ti sakalavaµµadukkhapan³dana½ saddhamma½ desenti. Ya½ so dhamma½ idhaññ±y±ti so up±sako ya½ saddhamma½ imasmi½ s±sane samm±paµipajjanena j±nitv± aggamagg±dhigamanena an±savo hutv± parinibb±ti ek±dasaggiv³pasamena s²ti bhavat²ti.

S²tapaµigh±t±dik± vipassan±vas±n± terasa, ann±dil±bho, dhammassavana½, dhamm±vabodho, parinibb±nanti evamettha sattarasa ±nisa½s± vutt±.

Paµiggahaºak±na½ vih±ravasena uppannaphal±nur³pampi d±yak±na½ vih±rad±naphala½ veditabba½. Yebhuyyena hi kammasarikkhakaphala½ labhant²ti ±ha “tasm±”ti-±di. “Saªghassa pana pariccattatt±”ti imin± saªghikavih±rameva padh±navasena vadati, saªghikavih±ro n±mesa c±tuddisa½ saªgha½ uddissa katavih±ro, ya½ sandh±ya padabh±janiya½ vutta½ “saªghiko n±ma vih±ro saªghassa dinno hoti pariccatto”ti. Yattha hi cetiya½ patiµµhita½ hoti, dhammassavana½ kar²yati, cat³hi dis±hi bhikkh³ ±gantv± appaµipucchitv±yeva p±de dhovitv± kuñcik±ya dv±ra½ vivaritv± sen±sana½ paµijaggitv± yath±ph±suka½ gacchanti, so antamaso caturatanik±pi paººas±l± hotu, c±tuddisa½ saªgha½ uddissa katavih±rotveva vuccati.

351. Lobha½ niggaºhitu½ asakkontassa duppariccaj±. “Ekabhikkhussa v±’ti-±di up±sak±na½ tath± sam±d±ne ±ciººa½, da¼hatara½ sam±d±nañca dassetu½ vutta½, saraºa½ pana tesa½ s±ma½ sam±dinnampi sam±dinnameva hot²”ti vadanti. Saªghassa v± gaºassa v± santiketi yojan±. Tatth±ti yath±gahite saraºe, “tass±”tipi p±µho, yath±gahitasaraºass±ti attho. Natthi punappuna½ kattabbat±ti viññ³j±tike sandh±ya vutta½. Viññ³j±tik±nameva hi saraº±di-atthakosall±na½ suvaººaghaµe s²havas± viya akuppa½ saraºagamana½ tiµµhati. “J²vitaparicc±gamaya½ puññan”ti ca ida½ “sace tva½ yath±gahita½ saraºa½ na bhindissati, ev±ha½ ta½ m±rem²”ti k±ma½ koci tiºhena satthena j²vit± voropeyya, tath±pi “nev±ha½ buddha½ ‘na buddho’ti, dhamma½ ‘na dhammo’ti, saªgha½ ‘na saªgho’ti vad±m²”ti da¼hatara½ katv± gahitasaraºassa vasena vutta½. “Saggasampatti½ det²”ti nidassanamattameta½. Phal±nisa½s±ni panassa saraºagamanavaººan±ya½ (d². ni. aµµha. 1.250 saraºagamanakath±) vutt±neva.