Buddhaguºakath±vaººan±

304. T±disehi mah±nubh±vehi saddhi½ yugagg±havasena µhapanampi na m±dis±na½ paº¹itaj±t²namanucchavika½, kuto pana ukka½savasena µhapananti ida½ br±hmaºassa na yuttar³panti dassento “na kho pana metan”ti-±dim±ha. Tattha yepi guº± attano guºehi sadis±, tepi guºe uttaritareyeva maññam±no pak±set²ti sambandho. Sadis±ti ca ekadesena sadis±. Na hi buddh±na½ guºehi sabbath± sadis± kecipi guº± aññesu labbhanti. “Ko c±han”ti-±di uttaritar±k±radassana½. Ahañca k²diso n±ma hutv± sadiso bhaviss±mi, samaºassa…pe… guº± ca k²dis± n±ma hutv± sadis± bhavissant²ti s±dhipp±yayojan±. Keci nava½ p±µha½ karonti, ayameva m³lap±µho yath± ta½ ambaµµhasutte “ko c±ha½ bho gotama s±cariyako, k± ca anuttar± vijj±caraºasampad±”ti. Itareti attano guºehi asadise guºe, “pak±set²”ti imin±va sambandho. Ekantenev±ti sadisaguº±na½ viya pasaªg±bh±vena.

Eva½ niy±mento soºadaº¹o ida½ atthaj±ta½ d²peti. Yath± h²ti ettha hi-saddo k±raºe. Ten±ha “tasm± mayameva arah±m±”ti. Gopadakanti g±viy± khuraµµh±ne µhita-udaka½. Guºeti sadisaguºepi, pageva asadisaguºe.

Saµµhikulasatasahassanti saµµhisahass±dhika½ kulasatasahassa½. Dhammapadaµµhakath±d²su (dha. pa. aµµha. 16) pana katthaci bhagavato as²tikulasahassat±vacana½ ekekapakkhameva sandh±y±ti veditabba½.

Sudh±maµµhapokkharaºiyoti sudh±ya parikammakat± pokkharaºiyo. Sattaratan±nanti sattahi ratanehi. P³rayoge hi karaºatthe bahula½ chaµµh²vacana½. P±s±daniy³h±dayoti uparip±s±de µhitatul±s²s±dayo. “Sattaratan±nan”ti adhik±ro, abhedepi bhedavoh±ro esa. Kulapariy±yen±ti suddhodanamah±r±jassa asambhinnakhattiyakul±nukkamena. Tesup²ti cat³su nidh²supi. Gahita½ gahita½ µh±na½ p³ratiyeva dhanena p±katikameva hoti, na ³na½.

Bhaddaken±ti sundarena. Pacchimavaye vuttanayena paµhamavayo veditabbo. M±t±pit³na½ anicch±ya pabbajj±va an±daro tena yutte atthe s±mivacananti vutta½ hoti. Etesanti m±t±pit³na½. Kanditv±ti “kaha½ piyaputtak±”ti-±din± paridevitv±.

Aparim±ºoyev±ti “ettako eso”ti kenaci paricchinditumasakkuºeyyat±ya aparicchinnoyeva. Dve ve¼³ adhokaµimattakameva hont²ti ±ha “dvinna½ ve¼³na½ upari kaµimattamev±”ti. P±ramit±nubh±vena br±hmaºassa eva paññ±yati, bhagav± pana tad± pakatippam±ºov±ti dassetu½ “paññ±yam±no”ti vuttamiva dissati, v²ma½sitv± gahetabba½. “Na h²”ti-±din± p±ramit±baleneva eva½ aparim±ºat±, na iddhibalen±ti dasset²”ti vadanti. Atuloti asadiso. “Dhammapade g±tham±h±”ti katthaci p±µho ayuttova. Na hi dhammapade aya½ g±th± dissati. Sudh±piº¹iyatther±pad±n±d²su (apa. 1.10.sudh±piº¹iyatther±pad±na) pan±ya½ g±th± ±gat±, s± ca kho aññavatthusmi½ eva, na imasmi½ vatthumhi, tasm± p±¼ivasena saªg²timan±ru¼h± pakiººakadesan±yev±ya½ g±th±ti daµµhabba½.

Tattha te t±diseti pariy±yavacanameta½ “appa½ vassasata½ ±yu, id±netarahi vijjat²”ti-±d²su (bu. va½. 27.21) viya, “et±dise”tipi paµhanti, tadasundara½ apad±n±d²su tath± adissanato. Kilesaparinibb±nena parinibbute kutocipi abhaye te t±dise p³jayato ettha ida½ puñña½ kenaci mah±nubh±vena api saªkh±tu½ na sakk±ti attho.

B±hantaranti dvinna½ b±h³namantara½. Dv±dasa yojanasat±n²ti dv±das±dhik±ni yojanasat±ni. Bahalantaren±ti samant± sar²rapariº±happam±ºena. Puthulatoti vitth±rato. Aªgulipabb±n²ti ekek±ni aªgulipabb±ni. Bhamukantaranti dvinna½ bhamuk±namantara½. Mukha½ vitth±rato dviyojanasata½ parimaº¹alato visu½ vuttatt±. “Ediso bhagav±”ti y± parehi vutt± kath±, tass± anur³panti yath±katha½, imin± aññehi vutta½ bhagavato vaººakatha½ sutv± oloketuk±mat±ya ±gatoti dasseti, yath±kathanti v± k²disa½. “Yath±katha½ pana tumhe bhikkhave samagg± sammodam±n± avivadam±n± ph±suka½ vassa½ vasitth±”ti-±d²su (p±r±. 194) viya hi pucch±ya½ esa nip±tasamud±yo, eko v± nip±to.

Gandhakuµipariveºeti gandhakuµiy± pariveºe, gandhakuµito bahi pariveºabbhantareti attho. Tatth±ti mañcake. “S²haseyya½ kappes²”ti yath± r±hu asurindo ±y±mato, vitth±rato, ubbedhato ca bhagavato r³pak±yassa pariccheda½ gahetu½ na sakkoti, tath± r³pa½ iddh±bhisaªkh±ra½ abhisaªkharonto s²haseyya½ kappes²”ti (d². ni. µ². 1.304) eva½ ±cariyena vutta½, “tadeta½ ‘na may± asurinda adhomukhena p±ramiyo p³rit±, uddhaggameva katv± d±na½ dinnan”ti aµµhakath±vacanena accantameva viruddha½ hoti. Etañhi gandhakuµidv±ravivaraº±d²su viya p±ramit±nubh±vasiddhidassana½, aññath± tadeva vacana½ vattabba½ bhaveyy±”ti vadanti, v²ma½sitv± sampaµicchitabba½. Adhomukhen±ti osakkitav²riyata½ sandh±ya vutta½, uddhaggamev±ti anosakkitav²riyata½, ubbhakoµika½ katv±ti attho. Tad± r±hu up±sakabh±va½ paµivedes²ti ±ha “ta½ divasan”ti-±di.

Kilesehi ±rakatt± ariya½ niruttinayena, atoyeva uttamat± parisuddhat±ti vutta½ “uttama½ parisuddhan”ti. Anavajjaµµhena kusala½, na sukhavip±kaµµhena tassa arahatamasambhavato. Kusalas²len±ti anavajjeneva viddhastasav±sanakilesena s²lena. Evañca katv± padacatukkampeta½ adhippetatthato visiµµha½ hoti, saddatthamatta½ pana sandh±ya “idamassa vevacanan”ti vutta½.

Katthaci catur±s²tip±ºasahass±ni, katthaci aparim±º±pi devamanuss±ti attha½ sandh±ya “bhagavato ekek±ya dhammadesan±y±”ti-±dim±ha. Mah±samayasutta (d². ni. 2.331 ±dayo) maªgalasutta- (khu. p±. 5.1 ±dayo; su. ni. 261 ±dayo) desan±d²su hi catuv²satiy± µh±nesu asaªkhyeyy± aparimeyy± devamanuss± maggaphal±mata½ pivi½su. Koµisatasahass±diparim±ºenapi bah³ eva, nidassanavasena paneva½ vutta½. Tasm± anuttarasikkh±pakabh±vena bhagav± bah³na½ ±cariyo, tesa½ ±cariyabh³t±na½ s±vak±nam±cariyabh±vena s±vakaveneyy±na½ p±cariyo. Bhagavat± hi dinnanaye µhatv± s±vak± veneyya½ vinenti, tasm± bhagav±va tesa½ padh±no ±cariyoti.

Vadantass±dhippetova attho pam±ºa½, na lakkhaºah±r±divisayoti ±ha “br±hmaºo pan±”ti-±di. “Imassa v± p³tik±yass±”ti p±µh±vas±ne peyy±la½ katv± “kelan± paµikelan±”ti vutta½. Ayañhi khuddakavatthuvibhaªgap±¼i (vibha. 854) “b±hir±na½ v± parikkh±r±na½ maº¹an±”ti-±di peyy±lavasena gayhati. Tattha imassa v± p³tik±yass±ti imassa v± manussasar²rassa. Yath± hi tadahuj±topi siªg±lo “jarasiªg±lo” tveva, ³ruppam±º±pi ca galocilat± “p³tilat±” tveva saªkhya½ gacchati, eva½ suvaººavaººopi manussasar²ro “p³tik±yo” tveva, tassa maº¹an±ti attho. Kelan±ti k²¼an±. “Kel±yan±”tipi paµhanti. Paµikelan±ti paµik²¼an±. Capalassa bh±vo c±palya½, c±palla½ v±, yena samann±gato puggalo vassasatikopi sam±no tadahuj±tad±rako viya hoti, tassedamadhivacananti veditabba½.

Ap±pe pure karoti, na v± p±pa½ pure karot²ti ap±papurekkh±roti yutt±yuttasam±sena duvidhamattha½ dassetu½ “ap±pe navalokuttaradhamme”ti-±di vutta½. Ap±peti ca p±papaµipakkhe, p±pavirahite v±. Brahmani seµµhe bhagavati bhav± tassa dhammadesan±vasena ariy±ya j±tiy± j±tatt±, brahmuno v± bhagavato apacca½ garukaraº±din±, yath±nusiµµha½ paµipattiy± ca, brahma½ v± seµµha½ ariyamagga½ j±n±t²ti brahmaññ±, ariyas±vakasaªkh±t± paj±. Ten±ha “s±riputtamoggall±n±”ti-±di. Br±hmaºapaj±y±ti bahitap±papaj±ya. “Ap±papurekkh±ro”ti ettha “purekkh±ro”ti padamadhik±roti dasseti “etiss±ya ca paj±ya purekkh±ro”ti imin±. Ca-saddo samuccayattho “na kevala½ ap±papurekkh±ro eva, atha kho brahmaññ±ya ca paj±ya sambandhabh³t±ya purekkh±ro”ti. “Ayañh²”ti-±di adhipp±yamattadassana½. “Ap±papurekkh±ro”ti ida½ “brahmaññ±ya paj±y±”ti imin±va sambandhitabba½, na ca paccekamatthad²paka½, pakatibr±hmaºaj±tivasenapi cetassa attho veditabboti dassento “apic±”ti-±dim±ha. Ayuttasam±so c±ya½. P±panti p±pakamma½, ahita½ dukkhanti attho. Tassa sambandhipekkhatt± kass± ap±papurekkh±roti pucch±ya evam±h±ti dassetu½ “kass±”ti-±di vutta½. “Attan±”ti-±di tadatthavivaraºa½. Br±hmaºapaj±y±ti br±hmaºaj±tipaj±ya.

Rañjanti aµµa½ bhajanti r±j±no eten±ti raµµha½, ekassa rañño rajjabh³tak±sikosal±dimah±janapad±. Jan± pajjanti sukhaj²vika½ p±puºanti etth±ti janapado, ekassa rañño rajje ekekakoµµh±sabh³t± uttarapathadakkhiºapath±dikhuddakajanapad±. Tatth±ti tath± ±gatesu. Pucch±y±ti attan± abhisaªkhat±ya pucch±ya. Vissajjan±sampaµicchaneti vissajjan±ya attano ñ±ºena sampaµiggahaºe. Kesañci upanissayasampatti½, ñ±ºaparip±ka½, citt±c±rañca ñatv± bhagav±va pucch±ya uss±ha½ janetv± vissajjet²ti adhipp±yo.

“Tattha katama½ s±khalyan”ti-±di nikkhepakaº¹ap±¼i (dha. sa. 1350). Addh±nadarathanti d²ghamagg±gamanaparissama½. Ass±ti bhagavato, mukhapadumanti sambandho. B±l±tapasamphassanenev±ti abhinavuggatas³riyara½sisamphassanena iva. Tath± hi s³riyo “padmabandh³”ti loke p±kaµo, cando pana “kumudabandh³”ti. Puººacandassa siriy± sam±n± sir² etass±ti puººacandasassirika½. Katha½ nikkujjitasadisat±ti ±ha “sampatt±y±”ti-±di. Ettha pana “ehi sv±gatav±d²”ti imin± sukhasambh±sapubbaka½ piyav±dita½ dasseti, “sakhilo”ti imin± saºhav±cata½, “sammodako”ti imin± paµisandh±rakusalata½, “abbh±kuµiko”ti imin± sabbattheva vippasannamukhata½, “utt±namukho”ti imin± sukhasall±pata½, “pubbabh±s²”ti imin± dhamm±nuggahassa ok±sakaraºena hitajjh±sayata½ dasset²ti veditabba½.

Yattha kir±ti ettha kira-saddo arucis³cane–

“Khaºavatthuparittatt±, ±p±tha½ na vajanti ye;
te dhamm±rammaº± n±ma, ye’sa½ r³p±dayo kir±”ti.–

¾d²su (abhidhamm±vat±ra-aµµhakath±ya½ ±rammaºavibh±ge chaµµha-anucchede– 77) viya, tena bhagavat± adhivutthapadese na devat±nubh±vena manuss±na½ anupaddavat±, atha kho buddh±nubh±ven±ti dasseti. Buddh±nubh±veneva hi t± ±rakkha½ gaºhanti. Pa½supis±cak±dayoti pa½sunissitapis±cak±dayo ¾disaddena bh³tarakkhas±d²na½ gahaºa½. Id±ni buddh±nubh±vameva p±kaµa½ katv± dassetu½ “apic±”ti-±di vutta½.

Anus±sitabbo saªgho n±ma sabbopi veneyyajanasam³ho. Saya½ upp±dito saªgho n±ma nibbattita-ariyapuggalasam³ho. “T±diso”ti imin± “saya½ v± upp±dito”ti vuttavikappo eva pacc±maµµho anantarassa vidhi paµisedhov±ti katv±, tasm± “purimapadasseva v±”ti vikappantaragahaºanti ±cariyena (d². ni. µ². 1.304) vutta½. Tatr±yamadhipp±yo– k±ma½ “gaº²”ti ida½ “saªgh²”ti padasseva vevacana½, atthamatta½ pana dassetu½ yath±vuttavikappadvaye dutiyavikappameva pacc±masitv± “t±disovassa gaºo atth²”ti vuttatt± avasiµµhassapi paµhamavikappassa saªgahaºattha½ “purimapadasseva v± vevacanametan”ti vuttanti. Evampi vadanti– dhammasen±patitther±d²na½ paccekagaº²na½ gaºa½, suttantik±digaºa½ v± sandh±ya “t±diso”ti-±di vutta½. Tatth±pi hi sabbova bhikkhugaºo anus±sitabbo n±ma, nibbattita-ariyagaºo pana saya½ upp±dito n±ma, tasm± “t±diso”ti imin± vikappadvayass±pi pacc±masana½ upapanna½ hoti. Eva½ padadvayassa visesatthata½ dassetv± sabbath± sam±natthata½ dassetu½ “purimapadassev±”ti-±di vuttanti. P³raºamakkhali-±d²na½ bah³na½ titthakar±na½, niddh±raºe ceta½ s±mivacana½. Acelak±dimattakenapi k±raºen±ti nicco¼at±dimattakenapi appicchasantuµµhat±disam±ropanalakkhaºena k±raºena.

Navak±ti abhinav±. P±hunak±ti paheºaka½ paµiggaºhitumanucchavik±, etena duvidhesu ±gantukesu puretaram±gatavasena idha atithino, na bhojanavel±yam±gatavasena abbh±gat±ti dasseti. Pariy±puº±m²ti paricchinditu½ j±n±mi, dh±tvatthamatta½ pana dassetu½ “j±n±m²”ti vutta½.

Kappamp²ti ±yukappampi, bhaºeyya ceti sambandho. Cira½ cirak±le kappo kh²yetha, d²ghamantare d²ghak±lantarepi tath±gatassa vaººo na kh²yeth±ti yojan±. “Ciran”ti cettha vattabbepi chandah±nibhay± rassattha½ niggahitalopo, atid²ghak±la½ v± sandh±ya “cirad²ghamantare”ti vutta½, ubhayattha sambandhitabbameta½, kiriy±rah±diyoge viya ca antarayoge adhikakkharap±do anupavajjo, ayañca g±th± abh³taparikappan±vasena aµµhakath±su (d². ni. aµµha. 1.304; 3.141; ma. ni. aµµha. 2.425; ud±. aµµha. 53; bu. va½. aµµha. 4.4; cariy±. aµµha. nid±nakath±, pakiººakakath±; apa. aµµha. 2.7.20) vutt± tath± bh±sam±nassa abh±vato.

305. Nanti ±cariya½. Ala½-saddo idha arahattho “alameva nibbinditun”ti-±d²su (d². ni. 2.272; sa½. ni. 2.134, 143) viy±ti ±ha “yuttamev±”ti. Puµena netv± asitabbato paribhuñjitabbato puµosa½ vuccati p±theyya½. Itthambh³talakkhaºe karaºavacana½ dasseti “ta½ gahetv±”ti imin±. P±¼iya½ puµa½senapi kulaputten±ti sambandha½ dassetu½ “tena puµa½sen±”ti vutta½. “A½sen±”ti-±di adhipp±yamattadassana½, vahantena kulaputtena upasaªkamitu½ alamev±ti attho.