Makkhaligos±lav±davaººan±

168. Ubhayen±ti hetupaccayapaµisedhavacanena. “Vijjam±namev±”ti imin± sabh±vato vijjam±nasseva paµikkhipane tassa aññ±ºameva k±raºanti dasseti. Sa½kilesapaccayanti sa½kilissanassa mal²nassa k±raºa½ Visuddhipaccayanti sa½kilesato visuddhiy± vod±nassa paccaya½. Attak±reti paccattavacanassa e-k±ravasena padasiddhi yath± “vanappagumbe yath± phusitagge”ti, (khu. p±. 13; su. ni. 236) paccattatthe v± bhummavacana½ yath± “idampissa hoti s²lasmin”ti (d². ni. 1.194), tadevattha½ dasseti “attak±ro”ti imin±. So ca tena tena sattena attan± k±tabbakamma½, attan± nipph±detabbapayogo v±. Ten±ha “yen±”ti-±di. Sabbaññutanti samm±sambodhi½. Tanti attan± katakamma½. Dutiyapaden±ti “natthi parak±re”ti padena. Parak±ro ca n±ma parassa v±has± ijjhanakapayogo. Tena vutta½ “ya½ parak±ran”ti-±di. Ov±d±nus±saninti ov±dabh³tamanus±sani½, paµhama½ v± ov±do, pacch± anus±san². “Parak±ran”ti padassa upalakkhaºavasena atthadassanañceta½, lokuttaradhamme parak±r±vassayo natth²ti ±ha “µhapetv± mah±sattan”ti. Atthevesa lokiyadhamme yath± ta½ amh±ka½ bodhisattassa ±¼±rudake niss±ya pañc±bhiññ±lokiyasam±pattil±bho, tañca pacchimabhavikamah±satta½ sandh±ya vutta½, paccekabodhisattassapi ettheva saªgaho tesampi tadabh±vato. Manussasobhagyatanti manussesu subhagabh±va½. Evanti vuttappak±rena kammav±dassa, kiriyav±dassa ca paµikkhipanena. Jinacakketi “atthi bhikkhave kamma½ kaºha½ kaºhavip±kan”ti-±di (a. ni. 4.232) nayappavatte kamm±na½, kammaphal±nañca atthit±parid²pane buddhas±sane. Paccan²kakathana½ pah±rad±nasadisanti “pah±ra½ deti n±m±”ti.

Yath±vutta-attak±raparak±r±bh±vato eva satt±na½ paccattapurisak±ro n±ma koci natth²ti sandh±ya “natthipurisak±re”ti tassa paµikkhipana½ dassetu½ “yen±”ti-±di vutta½. “Devattamp²”ti-±din±, “manussasobhagyatan”ti-±din± ca vuttappak±r±. “Bale patiµµhit±”ti vatv± v²riyamevidha balanti dassetu½ “v²riya½ katv±”ti vutta½. Satt±nañhi diµµhadhammikasampar±yika nibb±nasampatti-±vaha½ v²riyabala½ natth²ti so paµikkhipati, nidassanamattañceta½ vod±niyabalassa paµikkhipana½ sa½kilesikass±pi balassa tena paµikkhipanato. Yadi v²riy±d²ni purisak±ravevacan±ni, atha kasm± tesa½ visu½ gahaºanti ±ha “ida½ no v²riyen±”ti-±di. Ida½ no v²riyen±ti ida½ phala½ amh±ka½ v²riyena pavatta½. Pavattavacanapaµikkhepakaraºavasen±ti aññesa½ pavattavoh±ravacanassa paµikkhepakaraºavasena V²riyath±maparakkamasambandhanena pavattabalav±d²na½ v±dassa paµikkhepakaraºavasena “natthi balan”ti padamiva sabb±nipet±ni tena ±d²yant²ti adhipp±yo. Tañca vacan²yatthato vutta½, vacanatthato pana tass± tass± kiriy±ya ussannaµµhena bala½. S³rav²rabh±v±vahaµµhena v²riya½. Tadeva da¼habh±vato, porisadhura½ vahantena pavattetabbato ca purisath±mo. Para½ para½ µh±na½ akkamanavasena pavattiy± purisaparakkamoti veditabba½.

R³p±d²su sattavisattat±ya satt±. Assasanapassasanavasena pavattiy± p±ºanato p±º±ti imin± atthena sam±nepi padadvaye ekindriy±divasena p±ºe vibhajitv± sattato visesa½ katv± esa vadat²ti ±ha “ekindriyo”ti-±di. Bhavant²ti bh³t±ti sattap±ºapariy±yepi sati aº¹akos±d²su sambhavanaµµhena tato vises±va, tena vutt±ti dasseti “aº¹a…pe… vadat²”ti imin±. Vatthikoso gabbh±sayo. J²vanato p±ºa½ dh±rento viya va¹¹hanato j²v±. Ten±ha “s±liyav±”ti-±di. ¾disaddena viru¼hadhamm± tiºarukkh± gahit±. Natthi etesa½ sa½kilesavisuddh²su vaso s±matthiyanti avas±. Tath± abal± av²riy±. Ten±ha “tesan”ti-±di. Niyat±ti niyaman±, achejjasutt±vutassa abhejjamaºino viya niyatappavattit±ya gatij±tibandh±pavaggavasena niy±moti attho. Tattha tatth±ti t±su t±su j±t²su. Channa½ abhij±t²na½ sambandh²bh³t±na½ gamana½ samav±yena sam±gamo. Sambandh²nirapekkhopi bh±vasaddo sambandh²sahito viya pakatiyatthav±cakoti ±ha “sabh±voyev±”ti, yath± kaºµakassa tikkhat±, kapitthaphal±d²na½ parimaº¹alat±, migapakkh²na½ vicitt±k±rat± ca, eva½ sabbass±pi lokassa hetupaccayamantarena tath± tath± pariº±mo akuttimo sabh±voyev±ti attho. Tena vutta½ “yen±”ti-±di. Pariºamana½ n±nappak±rat±patti. Yen±ti sattap±º±din±. Yath± bhavitabba½, tathev±ti sambandho.

Cha¼abhij±tiyo parato vitth±r²yissanti. “Sukhañca dukkhañca paµisa½vedent²”ti vadanto makkhali adukkhamasukhabh³mi½ sabbena sabba½ na j±n±t²ti vutta½ “aññ± adukkhamasukhabh³mi natth²ti dasset²”ti. Aya½ “sukhañca dukkhañca paµisa½vedent²”ti vacana½ karaºabh±vena gahetv± vutt± ±cariyassa mati. Potthakesu pana “aññ± sukhadukkhabh³mi natth²ti dasset²”ti ayameva p±µho diµµho, na “adukkhamasukhabh³m²”ti. Eva½ sati “chasvev±bhij±t²s³”ti vacana½ adhikaraºabh±vena gahetv± chasu eva abhij±t²su sukhadukkhapaµisa½vedana½, na tehi aññattha, t±yeva sukhadukkhabh³mi, na tadaññ±ti dasset²ti vuttanti veditabba½. Ayameva ca yuttataro paµikkhepitabbassa atthassa bh³mivasena vuttatt±. Yadi hi “sukhañca dukkhañca paµisa½vedent²”ti vacanena paµikkhepitabbassa dassana½ siy±, atha “aññ± adukkhamasukh± natth²”ti dasseyya, na “adukkhamasukhabh³m²”ti dassanahetuvacanassa bh³mi-atth±bh±vato. Dasseti ceta½ t±sa½ bh³miy± abh±vameva, tena viññ±yati aya½ p±µho, ayañcattho yuttataroti.

Pamukhayon²nanti manussesu khattiyabr±hmaº±divasena, tiracch±n±d²su s²habyaggh±divasena padh±nayon²na½, padh±nat± cettha uttamat±. Ten±ha “uttamayon²nan”ti. Saµµhi sat±n²ti cha sahass±ni. “Pañca ca kammuno sat±n²”ti padassa atthadassana½ “pañca kammasat±ni c±”ti. “Eseva nayo”ti imin± “kevala½ takkamattakena niratthaka½ diµµhi½ d²pet²”ti imamevatthamatidisati. Ettha ca “takkamattaken±”ti vadanto yasm± takkik± avassayabh³tatathatthaggahaºa-aªkusanayamantarena niraªkusat±ya parikappanassa ya½ kiñci attan± parikappita½ s±rato maññam±n± tatheva abhinivissa tattha ca diµµhig±ha½ gaºhanti, tasm± na tesa½ diµµhivatthusmi½ viññ³hi vic±raº± k±tabb±ti imamadhipp±ya½ vibh±veti. Kec²ti uttaravih±rav±sino. Pañcindriyavasen±ti cakkh±dipañcindriyavasena. Te hi “cakkhusotagh±najivh±k±yasaªkh±t±ni im±ni pañcindriy±ni ‘pañca kamm±n²’ti titthiy± paññapent²”ti vadanti “k±yavac²manokamm±ni ca ‘t²ºi kamm±n²’ti”. Kammanti laddh²ti tadubhaya½ o¼±rikatt± paripuººakammanti laddhi. Manokamma½ ano¼±rikatt± upa¹¹hakammanti laddh²ti yojan±. “Dv±saµµhi paµipad±”ti vattabbe sabh±vanirutti½ aj±nanto “dvaµµhipaµipad±”ti vadat²ti ±ha “dv±saµµhi paµipad±”ti. Saddaracak± pana “dv±saµµhiy± salopo, attam±”ti vadanti, tadayuttameva sabh±vaniruttiy± yogato asiddhatt± Yadi hi s± yogena siddh± assa, eva½ sabh±vaniruttiyeva siy±, tath± ca sati ±cariy±na½ matena virujjhat²ti vadanti. “Cull±s²ti sahass±n²”ti-±dik± pana aññatra diµµhapayog± sabh±vaniruttiyeva. Dissati hi visuddhimagg±d²su–

“Cull±s²ti sahass±ni, kapp± tiµµhanti ye mar³;
na tveva tepi tiµµhanti, dv²hi cittehi samohit±”ti. (Visuddhi. 2.715; mah±ni. 10, 39).

Ekasmi½ kappeti catunnamasaªkhyeyyakapp±na½ aññatarabh³te ekasmi½ asaªkhyeyyakappe. Tatth±pi ca vivaµµaµµh±y²saññita½ ekameva sandh±ya “dvaµµhantarakapp±”ti vutta½. Na hi so assutas±sanadhammo itare j±n±ti b±hirak±namavisayatt±, aj±nanto evam±h±ti attho.

Urabbhe hananti, hantv± v± j²vita½ kappent²ti orabbhik±. Esa nayo s±kuºik±d²supi. Ludd±ti vutt±vasesak± ye keci c±tuppadaj²vik± nes±d±. M±gavikapadasmiñhi rohit±dimigaj±tiyeva gahit±. Bandhan±g±re niyojent²ti bandhan±g±rik±. Kur³rakammant±ti d±ruºakammant±. Aya½ sabbopi kaºhakammapasutat±ya kaºh±bhij±t²ti vadati kaºhassa dhammassa abhij±ti abbhuppatti yass±ti katv±. Bhikkh³ti buddhas±sane bhikkh³. Kaºµaketi chandar±ge. Saññogavasena tesa½ pakkhipana½. Kaºµakasadisachandar±gena saññutt± bhuñjant²ti hi adhipp±yena “kaºµake pakkhipitv±”ti vutta½. Kasm±ti ce? Yasm± “te paº²tapaº²te paccaye paµisevant²”ti tassa micch±g±ho, tasm± ñ±yaladdhepi paccaye bhuñjam±n± ±j²vakasamayassa vilomag±hit±ya paccayesu kaºµake pakkhipitv± kh±danti n±m±ti vadati kaºµakavuttik±ti kaºµakena yath±vuttena saha j²vik±. Ayañhissa p±¼iyev±ti aya½ makkhalissa v±dad²pan± attan± racit± p±¼iyev±ti yath±vuttamattha½ samattheti. Kaºµakavuttik± eva n±ma eke apare pabbajit± b±hirak± santi, te n²l±bhij±t²ti vadat²ti attho. Te hi savisesa½ attakilamath±nuyogamanuyutt±. Tath± hi te kaºµake vattant± viya bhavant²ti kaºµakavuttik±ti vutt±. N²lassa dhammassa abhij±ti yass±ti n²l±bhij±ti. Evamitaresupi.

Amh±ka½ saññojanagaºµho natth²ti v±dino b±hirakapabbajit± nigaºµh±. Ekameva s±µaka½ paridahant± ekas±µak±. Kaºhato parisuddho n²lo, tato pana lohitoti-±din± yath±kkama½ tassa parisuddha½ v±da½ dassetu½ “ime kir±”ti-±di vutta½. Paº¹aratar±ti bhuñjananah±napaµikkhep±divatasam±yogena parisuddhatar± kaºhan²lamup±d±ya lohitass±pi parisuddhabh±vena vattabbato. Od±tavasan±ti od±tavatthaparidahan±. Acelakas±vak±ti ±j²vakas±vakabh³t±. Te kira ±j²vakaladdhiy± visuddhacittat±ya nigaºµhehipi paº¹aratar± halidd±bh±nampi purime up±d±ya parisuddhabh±vappattito. “Evan”ti-±din± tassa chand±gamana½ dasseti. Nand±d²na½ s±vakabh³t± pabbajit± ±j²vak±. Tath± ±j²vakiniyo. Nand±dayo kira tath±r³pa½ ±j²vakapaµipatti½ ukka½sa½ p±petv± µhit±, tasm± nigaºµhehi ±j²vakas±vakehi pabbajitehi paº¹aratar± vutt± paramasukk±bhij±t²ti aya½ tassa laddhi.

Purisabh³miyoti padh±naniddeso. Itth²nampi het± bh³miyo esa icchateva. Satta divaseti accantasaññogavacana½, ettakampi mand± mom³h±ti. Samb±dhaµµh±natoti m±tukucchi½ sandh±y±ha. Rodanti ceva viravanti ca tamanussaritv±. Khedana½, k²¼anañca khi¹¹±saddeneva saªgahetv± khi¹¹±bh³mi vutt±. Padassa nikkhipana½ padanikkhipana½. Yad± tath± pada½ nikkhipitu½ samattho, tad± padav²ma½sabh³mi n±m±ti bh±vo. Vat±vatassa j±nanak±le. Bhikkhu ca pannakoti-±dipi tesa½ b±hirak±na½ p±¼iyeva. Tattha pannakoti bhikkh±ya vicaraºako, tesa½ v± paµipattiy± paµipannako. Jinoti jiººo jar±vasena h²nadh±tuko, attano v± paµipattiy± paµipakkha½ jinitv± µhito. So kira tath±bh³to dhammampi kassaci na kathesi. Ten±ha “na kiñci ±h±”ti. Oµµhavadan±divippak±re katepi khamanavasena na kiñci kathet²tipi vadanti. Al±bhinti “so na kumbhimukh± paµiggaºh±t²”ti-±din± nayena mah±s²han±dasutte (d². ni. 1.394; ma. ni. 1.155) vutta-al±bhahetusam±yogena al±bhi½. Tatoyeva jighacch±dubbalaparetat±ya sayanapar±yanaµµhena samaºa½ pannabh³m²ti vadati.

¾j²vavuttisat±n²ti satt±nam±j²vabh³t±ni j²vik±vuttisat±ni. “Paribb±jakasat±n²”ti vuccam±nepi cesa sabh±valiªgamaj±nanto “paribb±jakasate”ti vadati. Evamaññesupi. Ten±ha “paribb±jakapabbajj±sat±n²”ti. N±gabhavana½ n±gamaº¹ala½ yath± “mahi½sakamaº¹alan”ti. Param±ºu-±di rajo. Pasuggahaºena e¼akaj±ti gahit±. Migaggahaºena rurugavay±di migaj±ti. Gaºµhimh²ti pha¼umhi, pabbeti attho. C±tumah±r±jik±dibrahmak±yik±divasena, tesañca antarabhedavasena bah³ dev±. Tattha c±tumah±r±jik±na½ ekacca-antarabhedo mah±samayasuttena (d². ni. 2.331) d²petabbo. “So pan±”ti-±din± aj±nanto panesa bah³ devepi satta eva vadat²ti tassa appam±ºata½ dasseti. Manuss±pi anant±ti d²padesakulava½s±j²v±divibh±gavasena. Pis±c± eva pes±c±, te aparapet±divasena mahantamahant±, bahutar±ti attho. B±hirakasamaye pana “chaddantadahamand±kiniyo kuv±¼iyamucalindan±mena voharit±”ti (d². ni. µ². 1.168) ±cariyena vutta½.

Gaºµhik±ti pabbagaºµhik±. Pabbagaºµhimhi hi pavuµasaddo. Mah±pap±t±ti mah±taµ±. P±risesanayena khuddakapap±tasat±ni. Eva½ supinesupi. “Mah±kappino”ti ida½ “mah±kapp±nan”ti atthato veditabba½. Saddato panesa aj±nanto eva½ vadat²ti na vic±raºakkhama½. Tath± “cull±s²ti satasahass±n²”ti idampi. So hi “catur±s²ti satasahass±n²”ti vattumasakkonto eva½ vadati. Saddaracak± pana “catur±s²tiy± tulopo, cassa cu, rassa lo, dvittañc±”ti vadanti. Ettak± mah±sar±ti etappam±ºavat± mah±sarato, sattamah±saratoti vutta½ hoti. Kir±ti tassa v±d±nussavane nip±to. Paº¹itopi…pe… na gacchati, kasm±? Satt±na½ sa½saraºak±lassa niyatabh±vato.

“Acelakavatena v± aññena v± yena kenac²”ti vuttamatidisati “t±disenev±”ti imin±. Tapokammen±ti tapakaraºena. Etth±pi “t±disenev±”ti adhik±ro. Yo…pe… visujjhati, so aparipakka½ kamma½ parip±ceti n±m±ti yojan±. Antar±ti catur±s²timah±kappasatasahass±namabbhantare. Phussa phuss±ti patv± patv±. Vuttaparim±ºa½ k±lanti catur±s²timah±kappasatasahassapam±ºa½ k±la½. Ida½ vutta½ hoti– aparipakka½ sa½saraºanimitta½ kamma½ s²l±din± s²gha½yeva visuddhappattiy± parip±ceti n±ma. Paripakka½ kamma½ phussa phussa k±lena paripakkabh±v±n±p±danena byanti½ vigamana½ karoti n±m±ti. Doºen±ti pariminanadoºatumbena. R³pakavasenattho labbhat²ti vutta½ “mita½ viy±”ti. Na h±panava¹¹hana½ paº¹itab±lavasen±ti dasseti “na sa½s±ro”ti-±din±. Va¹¹hana½ ukka½so. H±pana½ avaka½so.

Katasuttagu¼eti katasuttavaµµiya½. Palet²ti pareti yath± “abhisampar±yo”ti, (mah±ni. 69; c³¼ani. 85; paµi. ma. 3.4) ra-k±rassa pana la-k±ra½ katv± eva½ vutta½ yath± “palibuddho”ti (c³¼ani. 15; mi. pa. 3.6). So ca cur±digaºavasena gatiyanti vutta½ “gacchat²”ti. Im±ya upam±ya cesa satt±na½ sa½s±ro anukkamena kh²yateva, na va¹¹hati paricchinnar³patt±ti imamattha½ vibh±vet²ti ±ha “sutte kh²ºe”ti-±di. Tatthev±ti kh²yanaµµh±neyeva.