“Ratijananaµµhena ratana½. Apica–

Citt²kata½ mahagghañca, atula½ dullabhadassana½;
anomasattaparibhoga½, ratana½ tena vuccati.
“Cakkaratanassa ca nibbattak±lato paµµh±ya añña½ devaµµh±na½ n±ma na hoti, sabbepi gandhapupph±d²hi tasseva p³jañca abhiv±dan±d²ni ca karont²ti citt²kataµµhena ratana½. Cakkaratanassa ca ettaka½ n±ma dhana½ agghat²ti aggho natthi, iti mahagghaµµhenapi ratana½. Cakkaratanañca aññehi loke vijjam±naratanehi asadisanti atulaµµhena ratana½. Yasm± pana yasmi½ kappe buddh± uppajjanti, tasmi½yeva cakkavattino uppajjanti, buddh± ca kad±ci karahaci uppajjanti, tasm± dullabhadassanaµµhenapi ratana½. Tadeta½ j±tir³pakula-issariy±d²hi anomassa u¼±rasattasseva uppajjati, na aññass±ti anomasattaparibhogaµµhenapi ratana½. Yath± ca cakkaratana½, eva½ ses±nip²”ti.

Tatr±ya½ taµµ²k±ya, aññattha ca vuttanayena atthavibh±van±– idañhi “citt²katan”ti-±divacana½ nibbacanatthavasena vutta½ na hoti, atha kinti ce? Loke “ratanan”ti sammatassa vatthuno garuk±tabbabh±vena vutta½. Sar³pato paneta½ lokiyamah±janena sammata½ hiraññasuvaºº±dika½, cakkavattirañño uppanna½ cakkaratan±dika½, kataññukatavedipuggal±dika½, sabbukkaµµhaparicchedavasena buddh±disaraºattayañca daµµhabba½. “Aho manoharan”ti citte kattabbat±ya citt²kata½, sv±ya½ citt²k±ro tassa p³jan²yat±y±ti katv± p³jan²yanti attha½ vadanti. Keci pana “vicitrakataµµhena citt²katan”ti bhaºanti, ta½ na gahetabba½ idha cittasaddassa hadayav±cakatt± “citt²katv± suº±tha me”ti (bu. va½. 1.80) ±haccabh±sitap±¼iya½ viya. Tath± c±hu “yath±rahamivaºº±gamo bh³kares³”ti. “Passa citt²kata½ r³pa½, maºin± kuº¹alena c±”ti-±d²su (ma. ni. 2.302) pana pubbe avicitra½ id±ni vicitra½ katanti citt²katanti attho gahetabbo tattha cittasaddassa vicitrav±cakatt±. Mahanta½ vipula½ aparimita½ agghat²ti mahaggha½. Natthi etassa tul± upam±, tula½ v± sadisanti atula½. Kad±cideva uppajjanato dukkhena laddhabbadassanatt± dullabhadassana½. Anomehi u¼±raguºeheva sattehi paribhuñjitabbato anomasattaparibhoga½.

Id±ni nesa½ citt²kat±di-atth±na½ savisesa½ cakkaratane labbham±nata½ dassetv± itaresupi te atidisitu½ “yath± ca cakkaratanan”ti-±di ±raddha½. Tattha añña½ devaµµh±na½ n±ma na hoti rañño anaññas±dh±raºissariy±disampattipaµil±bhahetuto, aññesa½ satt±na½ yathicchitatthapaµil±bhahetuto ca. Aggho natthi ativiya u¼±rasamujjalaratanatt±, acchariyabbhutadhammat±ya ca. Yadaggena ca mahaggha½, tadaggena atula½. Satt±na½ p±pajigucchanena vigatak±¼ako puññapasutat±ya maº¹abh³to y±diso k±lo buddhupp±d±raho, t±dise eva cakkavatt²nampi sambhavoti ±ha “yasm± pan±”ti-±di. Kad±ci karahac²ti pariy±yavacana½, “kad±c²”ti v± yath±vuttak±la½ sandh±ya vutta½, “karahac²”ti jambusirid²pasaªkh±ta½ desa½. Ten±ha–

“K±la½ d²pañca desañca, kula½ m±tarameva ca;
ime pañca viloketv±, uppajjati mah±yaso”ti. (Dha. pa. aµµha. 1.1.10).

Upam±vasena ceta½ vutta½. Upamopameyy±nañca na accantameva sadisat±, tasm± yath± buddh± kad±ci karahaci uppajjanti, na tath± cakkavattino, cakkavattino pana anekad±pi buddhupp±dakappe uppajjant²ti attho gahetabbo. Eva½ santepi cakkavattivattap³raºassa dukkarabh±vato dullabhupp±doyev±ti imin± dullabhupp±dat±s±maññena tesa½ dullabhadassanat± vutt±ti veditabba½. K±ma½ cakkaratan±nubh±vena samijjham±no guºo cakkavattipariv±rajanas±dh±raºo, tath±pi cakkavatt² eva na½ s±mibh±vena visavit±ya paribhuñjat²ti vattabbata½ arahati tadatthameva uppajjanatoti dassento “tadetan”ti-±dim±ha. Yath±vutt±na½ pañcanna½, channampi v± atth±na½ sesaratanesupi labbhanato “eva½ ses±nip²”ti vutta½.

Imehi pana ratanehi r±j± cakkavatt² kimattha½ paccanubhoti, nanu vin±pi tesu kenaci raññ± cakkavattin± bhavitabbanti codan±ya tassa tehi hath±rahamatthapaccanubhavanadassanena kenacipi avin±bh±vita½ vibh±vetu½ “imesu pan±”ti-±di ±raddha½. Ajita½ puratthim±didis±ya khattiyamaº¹ala½ jin±ti mahesakkhat±sa½vattaniyakammanissandabh±vato. Yath±sukha½ anuvicarati hatthiratana½, assaratanañca abhiruhitv± tesa½ ±nubh±vena antop±tar±sa½yeva samuddapariyanta½ pathavi½ anupariy±yitv± r±jadh±niy± eva pacc±gamanato. Pariº±yakaratanena vijitamanurakkhati tattha tattha kattabbakiccasa½vidahanato. Avasesehi maºiratana-itthiratanagahapatiratanehi upabhuñjanena pavatta½ upabhogasukha½ anubhavati yath±raha½ tehi tath±nubhavanasiddhito. So hi maºiratanena yojanappam±ºe padese andhak±ra½ vidhametv± ±lokadassan±din± sukhamanubhavati, itthiratanena atikkantam±nusakar³padassan±divasena, gahapatiratanena icchiticchitamaºikanakarajat±didhanapaµil±bhavasena sukhamanubhavati.

Id±ni sattiy±, sattiphalena ca yath±vuttamattha½ vibh±vetu½ “paµhamen±”ti-±di vutta½. Tividh± hi sattiyo “sakkonti samatthenti r±j±no et±y±”ti katv±. Yath±hu–

“Pabh±vuss±hamant±na½, vas± tisso hi sattiyo;
pabh±vo daº¹ajo tejo, pat±po tu ca kosajo.
Manto ca mantana½ so tu, catukkaººo dvigocaro;
tigocaro tu chakkaººo, rahassa½ guyhamuccate”ti.

Tattha v²riyabala½ uss±hasatti. Paµhamena cassa cakkaratanena tadanuyogo paripuººo hoti. Kasm±ti ce? Tena uss±hasattiy± pavattetabbassa appaµihat±º±cakkabh±vassa siddhito. Paññ±bala½ mantasatti. Pacchimena cassa pariº±yakaratanena tadanuyogo. Kasm±ti ce Tassa sabbar±jakiccesu kusalabh±vena mantasattiy± viya avirajjhanapayogatt±. Damanena, dhanena ca pabhutta½ pabh³satti. Hatthi-assagahapatiratanehi cassa tadanuyogo paripuººo hoti. Kasm±ti ce? Hatthi-assaratan±na½ mah±nubh±vat±ya, gahapatiratanato paµiladdhakosasampattiy± ca pabh±vasattiy± viya pabh±vasamiddhisiddhito. Itthimaºiratanehi tividhasattiyogaphala½ paripuººa½ hot²ti sambandho, yath±vutt±hi tividh±hi satt²hi payujjanato ya½ phala½ laddhabba½. Ta½ sabba½ tehi paripuººa½ hot²ti attho. Kasm±ti ce? Teheva upabhogasukhassa sijjhanato.

Duvidhasukhavasenapi yath±vuttamattha½ vibh±vetu½ “so itthimaºirataneh²”ti-±di kathita½. Bhogasukhanti sam²pe katv± paribhogavasena pavattasukha½. Seseh²ti tadavasesehi cakk±dipañcaratanehi. Apaccatthikat±vasena pavattasukha½ issariyasukha½. Id±ni tesa½ sampannahetuvasenapi kenaci avin±bh±vitameva vibh±vetu½ “visesato”ti-±dim±ha. Adosakusalam³lajanitakamm±nubh±ven±ti adosasaªkh±tena kusalam³lena sahaj±t±dipaccayavasena upp±ditakammassa ±nubh±vena sampajjanti sommatararatanaj±tikatt±. Kammaphalañhi yebhuyyena kammasarikkhaka½. Majjhim±ni maºi-itthigahapatiratan±ni alobhakusalam³lajanitakamm±nubh±vena sampajjanti u¼±radhanassa, u¼±radhanapaµil±bhak±raºassa ca paricc±gasampad±hetukatt±. Pacchima½ pariº±yakaratana½ amohakusalam³lajanitakamm±nubh±vena sampajjati mah±paññeneva cakkavattir±jakiccassa parinetabbatt±, mah±paññabh±vassa ca amohakusalam³lajanitakammanissandabh±vato. Bojjhaªgasa½yutteti mah±vagge dutiye bojjhaªgasa½yutte (sa½. ni. 5.223). Ratanasuttass±ti tattha pañcamavagge saªg²tassa dutiyassa ratanasuttassa (sa½. ni. 5.223). Upadeso n±ma savisesa½ sattanna½ ratan±na½ vic±raºavasena pavatto nayo.

Saraºato paµipakkhavidhamanato s³r± sattivanto, nibbhay±vah±ti attho. Ten±ha “abh²rukaj±tik±”ti. Asure vijinitv± µhitatt± sakko dev±namindo dh²ro n±ma, tassa senaªgabh±vato devaputto “aªgan”ti vuccati, dh²rassa aªga½, tassa r³pamiva r³pa½ yesa½ te dh²raªgar³p±, tena vutta½ “devaputtasadisak±y±”ti. Eketi s±rasam±san±mak± ±cariy±, tadakkhamanto ±ha “aya½ panetth±”ti-±di. Sabh±voti sabh±vabh³to attho. Uttamas³r±ti uttamayodh±. S³rasaddo hi idha yodhattho. Evañhi purimanayato imassa visesat± hoti, “uttamattho s³rasaddo”tipi vadanti, “uttam± s³r± vuccant²”tipi hi p±µho dissati. V²r±nanti v²riyavant±na½. Aªganti k±raºa½ “aªg²yati ñ±yati phalameten±”ti katv±. Yena v²riyena “dh²r±”ti vuccanti, tadeva dh²raªga½ n±m±ti ±ha “v²riyanti vutta½ hot²”ti. R³panti sar²ra½. Tena vutta½ “v²riyamayasar²r± viy±”ti. V²riyameva v²riyamaya½ yath± “d±namayan”ti, (d². ni. 3.305; itivu. 60; netti. 34) tasm± v²riyasaªkh±tasar²r± viy±ti attho. V²riya½ pana na ekantar³panti viya-saddaggahaºa½ kata½. Apica dh²raªgena nibbatta½ dh²raªganti attha½ dassetu½ “v²riyamayasar²r± viy±”ti vutta½, evampi v²riyato r³pa½ na ekanta½ nibbattanti viya-saddena dasseti. Atha v± r³pa½ sar²rabh³ta½ dh²raªga½ v²riyametesanti yojetabba½, tath±pi v²riya½ n±ma kiñci saviggaha½ na hot²ti d²peti “v²riyamayasar²r± viy±”ti imin±, idh±pi mayasaddo sakattheyeva daµµhabbo, tasm± saviggahav²riyasadis±ti attho. Ida½ vutta½ hoti– saviggaha½ ce v²riya½ n±ma siy±, te cassa putt± ta½sadis±yeva bhaveyyunti ayameva cattho ±cariyena (d². ni. µ². 1.258) anumato. Mah±pad±naµµhakath±ya½ pana eva½ vutta½ “dh²raªga½ r³pametesanti dh²raªgar³p±, v²riyaj±tik± v²riyasabh±v± v²riyamay± akil±suno ahesu½, divasampi yujjhant± na kilamant²ti vutta½ hot²”ti, (d². ni. aµµha. 2.34) tadeta½ r³pasaddassa sabh±vatthata½ sandh±ya vuttanti daµµhabba½. Idha ceva aññattha katthaci “dhitaªgar³p±”ti p±µho dissati. V²riyatthopi hi dhitisaddo hoti “sacca½ dhammo dhiti c±go, diµµha½ so ativattat²”ti-±d²su (j±. 1.1.57) dhitisaddo viya. Katthaci pana “v²raªgan”ti p±µhova diµµho. Yath± ruccati, tath± gahetabba½.

Nanu ca rañño cakkavattissa paµisen± n±ma natthi, ya’massa putt± pamaddeyyu½, atha kasm± “parasenappamaddan±”ti vuttanti codana½ sodhento “sace”ti-±dim±ha, parasen± hotu v±, m± v±, “sace pana bhaveyy±”ti parikappan±mattena tesa½ evam±nubh±vata½ dassetu½ tath± vuttanti adhipp±yo, “parasenappamaddan±”ti vuttepi parasena½ pamadditu½ samatth±ti attho gahetabbo pakaraºatopi atthantarassa viññ±yam±natt±, yath± “sikkham±nena bhikkhave bhikkhun± aññ±tabba½ paripucchitabba½ paripañhitabban”ti (p±ci. 434) etassa padabh±jan²ye (p±ci. 436) “sikkhituk±men±”ti atthaggahaºanti imamattha½ dassetu½ “ta½ parimadditu½ samatth±”ti vutta½. Na hi te parasena½ pamaddant± tiµµhanti, atha kho pamaddanasamatth± eva honti Evamaññatrapi yath±raha½. Parasena½ pamaddan±ya samatthent²ti parasenappamaddan±ti attha½ dasset²tipi vadanti.