Eva˝ attasanniyy±tan±d˛ni ekena pak±rena dassetv± id±ni aparehipi pak±rehi dassetu˝ “apic±”ti-±di ±raddha˝, etena attasanniyy±tanatappar±yaşat±d˛na˝ catunna˝ pariy±yantarehipi attasanniyy±tanatappar±yaşat±di katameva hoti atthassa abhinnatt± yath± ta˝ “sikkh±paccakkh±na-abhłt±rocan±n˛”ti dasseti. J˛vitapariyantikanti bh±vanapu˝sakavacana˝, y±vaj˛va˝ gacch±m˛ti attho. Mah±kassapo kira sayameva pabbajitavesa˝ gahetv± mah±titthabr±hmaşag±mato nikkhamitv± gacchanto tig±vutamagga˝ paccuggamana˝ katv± antar± ca r±jagaha˝, antar± ca n±Ľanda˝ bahuputtakanigrodharukkhamłle ekakameva nisinna˝ bhagavanta˝ passitv± “aya˝ bhagav± araha˝ samm±sambuddho”ti aj±nantoyeva “satth±rańca vat±ha˝ passeyya˝, bhagavantameva passeyyan”ti-±din± (sa˝. ni. 2.154) saraşagamanamak±si. Tena vutta˝ “mah±kassapassa saraşagamana˝ viy±”ti. Vitth±ro kassapasa˝yuttaµµhakath±ya˝ (sa˝. ni. aµµha. 2.2.154) gahetabbo. Tattha satth±rańcavat±ha˝ passeyya˝, bhagavantameva passeyyanti sace aha˝ satth±ra˝ passeyya˝, ima˝ bhagavanta˝yeva passeyya˝. Na hi me ito ańńena satth±r± bhavitu˝ sakk±. Sugatańca vat±ha˝ passeyya˝, bhagavantameva passeyyanti sace aha˝ samm±paµipattiy± suµµhu gatatt± sugata˝ n±ma passeyya˝, ima˝ bhagavanta˝yeva passeyya˝. Na hi me ito ańńena sugatena bhavitu˝ sakk±. Samm±sambuddhańca vat±ha˝ passeyya˝, bhagavantameva passeyyanti sace aha˝ samm± s±mańca sacc±ni buddhatt± samm±sambuddha˝ n±ma passeyya˝, ima˝ bhagavanta˝yeva passeyya˝, na hi me ito ańńena samm±sambuddhena bhavitu˝ sakk±ti ayamettha aµµhakath±. Sabbattha ca-saddo, vata-saddo ca padapłraşamatta˝, ce-saddena v± bhavitabba˝ “sace”ti aµµhakath±ya˝ (sa˝. ni. aµµha. 2.2.154) vuttatt±. Vata-saddo ca passituk±mat±ya eka˝sattha˝ d˛pet˛tipi yujjati.
“So ahan”ti-±di suttanip±te ±Ľavakasutte. Tattha kińc±pi maggeneva tassa saraşagamanam±gata˝, sot±pannabh±vadassanattha˝, pana pas±d±nurłpadassanatthańca eva˝ v±ca˝ bhindat˛ti tadaµµhakath±ya˝ (su. ni. aµµha. 1.181) vutta˝. G±m± g±manti ańńasm± devag±m± ańńa˝ devag±ma˝, devat±na˝ v± khuddaka˝, mahantańca g±mantipi attho. Pur± puranti etth±pi eseva nayo. Dhammassa ca sudhammatanti buddhassa subuddhata˝, dhammassa sudhammata˝, saŞghassa suppaµipannatańca abhitthavitv±ti saha samuccayena, p±µhasesena ca attho, sambuddha˝ namassam±no dhammaghosako hutv± vicariss±m˛ti vutta˝ hoti.
ľĽavak±d˛nanti ±di-saddena s±t±girahemavat±d˛nampi saŞgaho. Nanu ca ete ±Ľavak±dayo adhigatamaggatt± maggeneva ±gatasaraşagaman±, kasm± tesa˝ tappar±yaşat±saraşagamana˝ vuttanti? Maggen±gatasaraşagamanehipi tehi tappar±yaşat±k±rassa paveditatt±. “So aha˝ vicariss±mi…pe… sudhammata˝, (sa˝. ni. 1.246; su. ni. 194) te maya˝ vicariss±ma, g±m± g±ma˝ nag± naga˝…pe… sudhammatan”ti (su. ni. 182) ca hi etehi tappar±yaşat±k±ro pavedito. Tasm± saraşagamanavisesamanapekkhitv± pavedan±k±ramatta˝ upadisantena eva˝ vuttanti daµµhabba˝. Ath±ti “katha˝ kho br±hmaşo hot˛”ti-±din± puµµhassa aµµhavidhapańhassa “pubbeniv±sa˝ yo ved˛”ti-±din± by±karaşapariyos±nak±le. Idańhi majjhimapaşş±sake brahm±yusutte (ma. ni. 2.394) paricumbat˛ti pariphusati Parisamb±hat˛ti parimajjati. Evampi paşip±to daµµhabboti evampi paramanipaccak±rena paşip±to daµµhabbo.
So panes±ti paşip±to. ѱti…pe… vasen±ti ettha ń±tivasena, bhayavasena, ±cariyavasena, dakkhişeyyavasen±ti pacceka˝ yojetabba˝ dvandaparato suyyam±natt±. Tattha ń±tivasen±ti ń±tibh±vavasena. Bh±vappadh±naniddeso hi aya˝, bh±valopaniddeso v± tabbh±vasseva adhippetatt±. Eva˝ sesesupi paşip±tapadena cetesa˝ sambandho tabbasena paşip±tassa catubbidhatt±. Ten±ha “dakkhişeyyapaşip±ten±”ti, dakkhişeyyat±hetukena paşip±tenev±ti attho. Itareh˛ti ń±tibh±v±dihetukehi paşip±tehi. “Seµµhavasenev±”ti-±di tassevatthassa samatthana˝ Id±ni “na itareh˛”ti-±din± vuttameva atthattaya˝ yath±kkama˝ vitth±rato dassetu˝ “tasm±”ti-±di vutta˝. “S±kiyo v±”ti pitupakkhato ń±tikuladassana˝, “koliyo v±”ti pana m±tupakkhato. Vandat˛ti paşip±tassa upalakkhaşavacana˝. R±japłjitoti r±jłhi, r±jłna˝ v± płjito yath± “g±mapłjito”ti. Płj±vacanapayoge hi kattari s±mivacanamicchanti saddavidł. Bhagavatoti bodhisattabhłtassa, buddhabhłtassa v± bhagavato. Uggahitanti sikkhitasippa˝.
“Catudh±”ti-±di siŞg±lov±dasutte (d˛. ni. 3.265) gharam±vasanti ghare vasanto, kammappavacan˛yayogato cettha bhummatthe upayogavacana˝. Kamma˝ payojayeti kasiv±şijj±dikamma˝ payojeyya. Kul±nańhi na sabbak±la˝ ekasadisa˝ vattati, kad±ci r±j±divasena ±pad±pi uppajjati, tasm± “±pad±su uppann±su bhavissat˛”ti eva˝ manasi katv± nidh±peyy±ti ±ha “±pad±su bhavissat˛”ti. Imesu pana catłsu koµµh±sesu “ekena bhoge bhuńjeyy±”ti vuttakoµµh±satoyeva gahetv± bhikkhłnampi kapaşaddhik±d˛nampi d±na˝ d±tabba˝, pesak±ranh±pitak±d˛nampi vetana˝ d±tabbanti aya˝ bhogapariggahaş±nus±san˛, evarłpa˝ anus±sani˝ uggahetv±ti attho. Idańhi diµµhadhammika˝yeva sandh±ya vadati, sampar±yika˝, pana niyy±nika˝ v± anus±sani˝ pacc±sisantopi dakkhişeyyapaşip±tameva karoti n±m±ti daµµhabba˝. “Yo pan±”ti-±di “seµµhavaseneva…pe… gaşh±t˛”ti vuttassatthassa vitth±ravacana˝.
“Evan”ti-±di pana “seµµhavasena ca bhijjat˛”ti vuttassa byatirekadassana˝. Atthavas± liŞgavibhattivipariş±moti katv± gahitasaraş±ya up±sik±ya v±tipi yojetabba˝. Evam˛disesu. Pabbajitamp˛ti pi-saddo sambh±vanatthoti vutta˝ “pageva apabbajitan”ti. Saraşagamana˝ na bhijjati seµµhavasena avanditatt±. Tath±ti anukaąąhanatthe nip±to “saraşagamana˝ na bhijjat˛”ti. Raµµhapłjitatt±ti raµµhe, raµµhav±s˛na˝ v± płjitatt±. Tayida˝ bhayavasena vanditabbabh±vasseva samatthana˝, na tu abhedassa k±raşadassana˝, tassa pana k±raşa˝ seµµhavasena avanditatt±ti veditabba˝. Vuttańhi “seµµhavasena ca bhijjat˛”ti. Seµµhavasen±ti loke aggadakkhişeyyat±ya seµµhabh±vavasen±ti attho. Ten±ha “aya˝ loke aggadakkhişeyyoti vandat˛”ti. Titthiyampi vandato na bhijjati, pageva itara˝. Saraşagamanappabhedoti saraşagamanavibh±go, tabbibh±gasambandhato cettha sakk± abhedopi sukhena dassetunti abhedadassana˝ kata˝.
Ariyamaggo eva lokuttarasaraşagamananti catt±ri s±mańńaphal±ni vip±kaphalabh±vena vutt±ni. Sabbadukkhakkhayoti sakalassa vaµµadukkhassa anupp±danirodho nibb±na˝. Ettha ca kammasadisa˝ vip±kaphala˝, tabbipar˛ta˝ ±nisa˝saphalanti daµµhabba˝. Yath± hi s±lib˛j±d˛na˝ phal±ni ta˝sadis±ni vipakk±ni n±ma honti, vip±kaniruttińca labhanti, na młlaŞkurapattakkhandhan±Ľ±ni, eva˝ kusal±kusal±na˝ phal±ni arłpadhammabh±vena, s±rammaşabh±vena ca sadis±ni vipakk±ni n±ma honti, vip±kaniruttińca labhanti, na tadańń±ni kammanibbatt±nipi kamma-asadis±ni, t±ni pana ±nisa˝s±ni n±ma honti, ±nisa˝saniruttimattańca labhant˛ti. “Vuttańhetan”ti-±din± dhammapade aggidattabr±hmaşavatthup±Ľim±haritv± dasseti.
Yo c±ti ettha ca-saddo byatireke, yo pan±ti attho. Tatr±yamadhipp±yo– byatirekatthad˛pane yadi “bahu˝ ve saraşa˝ yanti, pabbat±ni van±ni c±”ti-±din± (dha. pa. 188) vutta˝ khema˝ saraşa˝ na hoti, na uttama˝ saraşa˝, etańca saraşam±gamma sabbadukkh± na pamuccati, eva˝ sati ki˝ n±ma vatthu khema˝ saraşa˝ hoti, uttama˝ saraşa˝, ki˝ n±ma vatthu˝ saraşam±gamma sabbadukkh± pamuccat˛ti ce?
Yo ca buddhańca dhammańca, saŞghańca saraşa˝ gato…pe…
eta˝ kho saraşa˝ khema˝, eta˝ saraşamuttama˝;
eta˝ saraşam±gamma, sabbadukkh± pamuccat˛ti. (Dha. pa. 190-92).

Evam˛disesu. Lokiyassa saraşagamanassa ańńatitthiy±vandan±din± kuppanato, calanato ca akuppa˝ acala˝ lokuttarameva saraşagamana˝ pak±setu˝ “catt±ri ariyasacc±ni, sammappańń±ya passat˛”ti vutta˝. V±c±siliµµhatthańcettha samm±saddassa rassatta˝. “Dukkhan”ti-±di “catt±ri ariyasacc±n˛”ti vuttassa sarłpadassana˝. Dukkhassa ca atikkamanti dukkhanirodha˝. Dukkhłpasamag±minanti dukkhanirodhag±mi˝. “Etan”ti “catt±ri…pe… passat˛”ti (dha. pa. 190) eva˝ vutta˝ lokuttarasaraşagamanasaŞkh±ta˝ ariyasaccadassana˝. Kho-saddo avadh±raşattho padattayepi yojetabbo.

Niccato anupagaman±divasen±ti “niccan”ti aggahaş±divasena, itin± niddisitabbehi to-saddamicchanti saddavidł. “Vuttańhetan”ti-±din± ń±şavibhaŞg±d˛su (ma. ni. 3.126; a. ni. 1.268) ±gata˝ p±Ľi˝ s±dhakabh±vena ±harati. Aµµh±nanti janakahetupaµikkhepo. Anavak±soti paccayahetupaµikkhepo. Ubhayen±pi k±raşameva paµikkhipati. Yanti yena k±raşena. Diµµhisampannoti maggadiµµhiy± sampanno sot±panno. Kańci saŞkh±ranti catubhłmakesu saŞkhatasaŞkh±resu ekampi saŞkh±ra˝. Niccato upagaccheyy±ti “nicco”ti gaşheyya. Sukhato upagaccheyy±ti “ekantasukh˛ att± hoti arogo para˝ maraş±”ti (d˛. ni. 1.76) eva˝ attadiµµhivasena “sukho”ti gaşheyya, diµµhivippayuttacittena pana ariyas±vako pariĽ±havłpasamattha˝ mattahatthiparitt±sito cokkhabr±hmaşo viya ukk±rabhłmi˝ kańci saŞkh±ra˝ sukhato upagacchati. Attav±re kasiş±dipaşşattisaŞgahaşattha˝ “saŞkh±ran”ti avatv± “dhamman”ti vutta˝. Yath±ha pariv±re–
“Anicc± sabbe saŞkh±r±, dukkh±natt± ca saŞkhat±;
nibb±nańceva pańńatti, anatt± iti nicchay±”ti. (Pari. 257).
Imesu pana t˛supi v±resu ariyas±vakassa catubhłmakavaseneva paricchedo veditabbo, tebhłmakavaseneva v±. Ya˝ yańhi puthujjano “nicca˝ sukha˝ att±”ti g±ha˝ gaşh±ti, ta˝ ta˝ ariyas±vako “anicca˝ dukkha˝ anatt±”ti gaşhanto g±ha˝ viniveµheti.
“M±taran”ti-±d˛su janik± m±t±, janako pit±, manussabhłto kh˛ş±savo arah±ti adhippeto. Ki˝ pana ariyas±vako tehi ańńampi p±şa˝ j˛vit± voropeyy±ti? Etampi aµµh±nameva. Cakkavattirajjasakaj˛vitahetupi hi so ta˝ j˛vit± na voropeyya, tath±pi puthujjanabh±vassa mah±s±vajjat±dassanattha˝ ariyabh±vassa ca balavat±pak±sanattha˝ eva˝ vuttanti daµµhabba˝. Paduµµhacittoti vadhakacittena padłsanacitto, padłsitacitto v±. Lohita˝ upp±deyy±ti j˛vam±nakasar˛re khuddakamakkhik±ya pivanamattampi lohita˝ upp±deyya. SaŞgha˝ bhindeyy±ti sam±nasa˝v±saka˝ sam±nas˛m±ya˝ µhita˝ saŞgha˝ pańcahi k±raşehi bhindeyya, vuttańheta˝ “pańcahup±li ±k±rehi saŞgho bhijjati kammena, uddesena, voharanto, anuss±vanena, sal±kagg±hen±”ti (pari. 458) ańńa˝ satth±ranti ito ańńa˝ titthakara˝ “aya˝ me satth±”ti eva˝ gaşheyya, neta˝ µh±na˝ vijjat˛ti attho. Bhavasampad±ti sugatibhavena sampad±, ida˝ vip±kaphala˝. Bhogasampad±ti manussabhogadevabhogehi sampad±, ida˝ pana ±nisa˝saphala˝. “Vuttańhetan”ti-±din± devat±sa˝yutt±dip±Ľi˝ (sa˝. ni. 1.37) s±dhakabh±vena dasseti.