“Evan”ti-±din± “es±han”ti-±dip±µhassa sambandha½ dasseti. Pasannacittat±yapasann±k±ra½ karoti. Pasannacittat± ca ima½ desana½ sutv± ev±ti attha½ ñ±petu½ “im±ya desan±y±”ti-±di vutta½. Im±ya desan±ya hetubh³t±ya. Pasann±k±ranti pasannehi s±dhujanehi kattabbasakk±ra½. Saraºanti paµisaraºa½. Ten±ha “par±yaºan”ti. Par±yaºat± pana anatthanisedhanena, atthasamp±danena c±ti vutta½ “aghassa t±t±, hitassa ca vidh±t±”ti. Aghass±ti nissakke s±mivacana½, p±patoti attho. Dukkhatotipi vadanti keci. T±yati avassaya½ karot²ti t±t±. Hitass±ti upayogatthe s±mivacana½. Vidahati sa½vidh±na½ karot²ti vidh±t±. “Iti imin± adhipp±yen±”ti vadanto “itisaddo cettha luttaniddiµµho, so ca ±k±rattho”ti dasseti. Saraºanti gamana½. Hit±dhipp±yena bhajana½, j±nana½ v±, evañca katv± vinayaµµhakath±d²su “saraºanti gacch±m²”ti saheva itisaddena attho vuttoti. Ettha hi n±ya½ gami-saddo n²-sadd±dayo viya dvikammiko, tasm± yath± “aja½ g±ma½ net²”ti vuccati, eva½ “bhagavanta½ saraºa½ gacch±m²”ti vattu½ na sakk±, “saraºanti gacch±m²”ti pana vattabba½, tasm± ettha itisaddo luttaniddiµµhoti veditabba½, evañca katv± “yo buddha½ saraºa½ gacchati, so buddha½ v± gaccheyya saraºa½ v±”ti (khu. p±. aµµha. 1.gamat²yad²pan±) khuddakanik±yaµµhakath±ya uddhaµ± codan± anavak±s±. Na hi gami-sadda½ duh±diny±digaºika½ karonti akkharacintak±ti. Hotu t±va gami-saddassa ekakammabh±vo, tath±pi “gacchateva pubba½ disa½, gacchati pacchima½ disan”ti-±d²su (sa½. ni. 1.159; 3.87) viya “bhagavanta½, saraºan”ti padadvayassa sam±n±dhikaraºat± yutt±ti? Na, tassa padadvayassa sam±n±dhikaraºabh±v±nupapattito. Tassa hi sam±n±dhikaraºabh±ve adhippete paµihatacittopi bhagavanta½ upasaªkamanto buddha½ saraºa½ gato n±ma siy±. Yañhi ta½ “buddho”ti visesita½ saraºa½, tamevesa gatoti, na cettha anupapattikena atthena attho, tasm± “bhagavantan”ti gaman²yatthassa d²pana½, “saraºan”ti pana gaman±k±rass±ti vuttanayena itilopavaseneva attho gahetabboti. Dhammañca saªghañc±ti etth±pi eseva nayo. Honti cettha–

“Gamissa ekakammatt±, itilopa½ vij±niy±;
paµigh±tappasaªgatt±, na ca tulyatthat± siy±.
Tasm± gaman²yatthassa, pubbapada½va jotaka½;
gaman±k±rassa para½, ityutta½ saraºattaye”ti.

“Iti imin± adhipp±yena bhagavanta½ gacch±m²”ti pana vadanto aneneva adhipp±yena bhajana½, j±nana½ v± saraºagamana½ n±m±ti niyameti. Tattha “gacch±m²”ti-±d²su purimassa purimassa pacchima½ pacchima½ atthavacana½, “gacch±m²”ti etassa v± anaññas±dh±raºat±dassanavasena p±µiyekkameva atthavacana½ “bhaj±m²”ti-±dipadattaya½. Bhajanañhi saraº±dhipp±yena upasaªkamana½, sevana½ santik±vacarabh±vo, payirup±sana½ vattapaµivattakaraºena upaµµh±nanti eva½ sabbath±pi anaññas±dh±raºata½yeva dasseti. Eva½ “gacch±m²”ti padassa gati-attha½ dassetv± buddhi-atthampi dassetu½ “eva½ v±”ti-±dim±ha, tattha evanti “bhagav± me saraºan”ti-±din± adhipp±yena. Kasm± pana “gacch±m²”ti padassa “bujjh±m²”ti ayamattho labbhat²ti codana½ sodheti “yesañh²”ti-±din±, anena ca niruttinayamantarena sabh±vatova gamudh±tussa buddhi-atthoti d²peti. Dh±t³nanti m³lasaddasaªkh±t±na½ i, y±, kamu, gamu-icc±d²na½.

“Adhigatamagge sacchikatanirodhe”ti padadvayen±pi phalaµµh± eva dassit±, na maggaµµh±ti te dassento “yath±nusiµµha½ paµipajjam±ne c±”ti ±ha. Nanu ca kaly±ºaputhujjanopi “yath±nusiµµha½ paµipajjat²”ti vuccat²ti? Kiñc±pi vuccati, nippariy±yena pana maggaµµh± eva tath± vattabb±, na itaro niy±mokkaman±bh±vato. Tath± hi te eva “ap±yesu apatam±ne dh±ret²”ti vutt±. Sammattaniy±mokkamanena hi ap±yavinimuttisambhavoti. Eva½ anekehipi vinaya- (s±rattha. µ². 1.verañjakaº¹avaººan±) suttantaµ²k±k±reh² (d². ni. µ². 1.250) vutta½, tadeta½ sammattaniy±mokkamanavasena nippariy±yato ap±yavinimuttake sandh±ya vutta½, tadanupapattivasena pana pariy±yato ap±yavinimuttaka½ kaly±ºaputhujjanampi “yath±nusiµµha½ paµipajjam±ne”ti padena dasset²ti daµµhabba½. Tath± hesa dakkhiºavibhaªgasutt±d²su (ma. ni. 3.379) sot±pattiphalasacchikiriy±ya paµipannabh±vena vuttoti, chattavim±ne (vi. va. 886 ±dayo) chattam±ºavako cettha nidassana½. Adhigatamagge, sacchikatanirodhe ca yath±nusiµµha½ paµipajjam±ne ca puggale ap±yesu apatam±ne katv± dh±ret²ti sap±µhasesayojan±. At²tak±likena hi purimapadadvayena phalaµµh±nameva gahaºa½, vattam±nak±likena ca pacchimena padena saha kaly±ºaputhujjanena maggaµµh±nameva. “Apatam±ne”ti pana padena dh±raº±k±radassana½ apatanakaraºavaseneva dh±ret²ti, dh±raºasar³padassana½ v±. Dh±raºa½ n±ma apatanakaraºamev±ti, apatanakaraºañca ap±y±dinibbattakakilesaviddha½sanavasena vaµµato niyy±nameva. “Ap±yes³”ti hi dukkhabahulaµµh±nat±ya padh±navasena vutta½, vaµµadukkhesu pana sabbesupi apatam±ne katv± dh±ret²ti attho veditabbo. Tath± hi abhidhammaµµhakath±ya½ vutta½ “sot±pattimaggo cettha ap±yabhavato vuµµh±ti, sakad±g±mimaggo sugatik±mabhavekadesato, an±g±mimaggo k±mabhavato, arahattamaggo r³p±r³pabhavato, sabbabhavehipi vuµµh±ti ev±ti vadant²”ti (dha. sa. aµµha. 350) evañca katv± ariyamaggo niyy±nikat±ya, nibb±nañca tassa tadatthasiddhihetut±y±ti ubhayameva nippariy±yena dhammo n±m±ti sar³pato dassetu½ “so atthato ariyamaggo ceva nibb±nañc±”ti vutta½. Nibb±nañhi ±rammaºa½ labhitv± ariyamaggassa tadatthasiddhi, sv±yamattho ca p±¼iy± eva siddhoti ±ha “vuttañcetan”ti-±di. Y±vat±ti yattak±. Tesanti tattak±na½ dhamm±na½. “Aggo akkh±yat²”ti vattabbe o-k±rassa a-k±ra½, ma-k±r±gamañca katv± “aggamakkh±yat²”ti vutta½. “Akkh±yat²”ti cettha itisaddo ±di-attho, pak±rattho v±, tena “y±vat± bhikkhave dhamm± saªkhat± v± asaªkhat± v±, vir±go tesa½ aggamakkh±yat²”ti-±di (itivu. 90; a. ni. 4.34) suttapada½ saªgaºh±ti, “vitth±ro”ti imin± v± tadavasesasaªgaho.

Yasm± pana ariyaphal±na½ “t±ya saddh±ya av³pasant±y±”ti-±di vacanato maggena samucchinn±na½ kiles±na½ paµippassaddhippah±nakiccat±ya niyy±n±nuguºat±, niyy±napariyos±nat± ca, pariyattiy± pana niyy±nadhammasamadhigamahetut±ya niyy±n±nuguºat±ti imin± pariy±yena vuttanayena dhammabh±vo labbhati, tasm± tadubhayampi saªgaºhanto “na kevalañc±”ti-±dim±ha. Sv±yamattho ca p±µh±ru¼ho ev±ti dasseti “vuttañhetan”ti-±din±. Tattha chattam±ºavakavim±neti chatto kira n±ma setaby±ya½ br±hmaºam±ºavako, so ukkaµµh±ya½ pokkharas±tibr±hmaºassa santike sippa½ uggahetv± “garudakkhiºa½ dass±m²”ti ukkaµµh±bhimukho gacchati, athassa bhagav± antar±magge corantar±ya½, t±vati½sabhavane nibbattam±nañca disv± g±th±bandhavasena saraºagamanavidhi½ desesi, tassa t±vati½sabhavanupagassa ti½sayojanika½ vim±na½ chattam±ºavakavim±na½. Devalokepi hi tassa manussak±le samaññ± yath± “maº¹³ko devaputto, (vi. va. 858 ±dayo) kuvero devar±j±”ti, idha pana chattam±ºavakavim±na½ vatthu k±raºa½ etass±ti katv± uttarapadalopena “na tath± tapati nabhe s³riyo, cando ca na bh±sati na phusso, yath±”ti-±dik± (vi. va. 889) desan± “chattam±ºavakavim±nan”ti vuccati, tatr±ya½ g±th± pariy±pann±, tasm± chattam±ºavakavim±navatthudesan±yanti attho veditabbo.

K±mar±go bhavar±goti evam±dibhedo an±dik±lavibh±vito sabbopi r±go virajjati pah²yati eten±ti r±gavir±go, maggo. Ej±saªkh±t±ya taºh±ya, antonijjh±nalakkhaºassa ca sokassa taduppattiya½ sabbaso parikkh²ºatt± natthi ej±, soko ca etasminti aneja½, asokañca, phala½. Tadaµµhakath±ya½ (vi. va. aµµha. 887) pana “taºh±vasiµµh±na½ sokanimitt±na½ kiles±na½ paµippassambhanato asokan”ti vutta½. Dhammamasaªkhatanti sampajja sambh³ya paccayehi appaµisaªkhatatt± asaªkhata½ attano sabh±vadh±raºato paramatthadhammabh³ta½ nibb±na½. Tadaµµhakath±ya½ pana “dhammanti sabh±vadhamma½. Sabh±vato gahetabbadhammo hesa, yadida½ maggaphalanibb±n±ni, na pariyattidhammo viya paññattidhammavasen±”ti (vi. va. aµµha. 887) vutta½, eva½ sati dhammasaddo t²supi µh±nesu yojetabbo. Appaµik³lasaddena ca tattha nibb±nameva gahita½ “natthi ettha kiñcipi paµik³lan”ti katv±, appaµik³lanti ca avirodhad²panato kiñci aviruddha½, iµµha½ paº²tanti v± attho. Paguºar³pena pavattitatt±, pakaµµhaguºavibh±vanato v± paguºa½. Yath±ha “vihi½sasaññ² paguºa½ na bh±si½, dhamma½ paº²ta½ manujesu brahme”ti (ma. ni. 1.283; 2.339; mah±va. 9).

Dhammakkhandh± kathit±ti yojan±. Eva½ idha cat³hipi padehi pariyattidhammoyeva gahito, tadaµµhakath±ya½ pana “savanavel±ya½, upaparikkhaºavel±ya½, paµipajjanavel±yanti sabbad±pi iµµhamev±ti madhura½, sabbaññutaññ±ºasannissay±ya paµibh±nasampad±ya pavattitatt± suppavattibh±vato, nipuºabh±vato ca paguºa½, vibhajitabbassa atthassa khandh±divasena, kusal±divasena, uddes±divasena ca suµµhu vibhajanato suvibhattanti t²hipi padehi pariyattidhammameva vadat²”ti (vi. va. aµµha. 887) vutta½. ¾p±thak±le viya majjanak±lepi, kathentassa viya suºantass±pi sammukh²bh±vato ubhatopaccakkhat±dassanattha½ idheva “iman”ti ±sannapaccakkhavacanam±ha. Puna “dhamman”ti ida½ yath±vuttassa catubbidhass±pi dhammassa s±dh±raºavacana½. Pariyattidhammopi hi saraºesu ca s²lesu ca patiµµh±namatt±yapi y±th±vapaµipattiy± ap±yapatanato dh±reti, imassa ca atthassa idameva chattam±ºavakavim±na½ s±dhakanti daµµhabba½. S±dh±raºabh±vena yath±vutta½ dhamma½ paccakkha½ katv± dassento puna “iman”ti ±ha. Yasm± ces± bha-k±rattayena ca paµimaº¹it± dodhakag±th±, tasm± tatiyap±de madhurasadde ma-k±ro adhikopi ariyacariy±dipadehi viya anekakkharapadena yuttatt± anupavajjoti daµµhabba½.

Diµµhis²lasaªgh±ten±ti “y±ya½ diµµhi ariy± niyy±nik± niyy±ti takkarassa samm± dukkhakkhay±ya, tath±r³p±ya diµµhiy± diµµhis±maññagato viharat²”ti (d². ni. 3.324, 356; a. ni. 6.11; pari. 274) eva½ vutt±ya diµµhiy± ceva “y±ni t±ni s²l±ni akhaº¹±ni acchidd±ni asabal±ni akamm±s±ni bhujiss±ni viññupasatth±ni apar±maµµh±ni sam±dhisa½vattanik±ni, tath±r³pehi s²lehi s²las±maññagato viharat²”ti (d². ni. 3.324, 356; ma. ni. 1.492; 3.54; a. ni. 6.92; pari. 274) eva½ vutt±na½ s²l±nañca sa½hatabh±vena, diµµhis²las±maññen±ti attho. Sa½hatoti saªghaµito, sametoti vutta½ hoti. Ariyapuggal± hi yattha katthaci d³re µhit±pi attano guºas±maggiy± sa½hat± eva. “Vuttañhetan”ti-±din± ±haccap±µhena samattheti.

Yatth±ti yasmi½ saªghe. Dinnanti pariccatta½ ann±dideyyadhamma½, g±th±bandhatt± cettha anun±sikalopo. Dodhakag±th± hes±. Mahapphalam±h³ti “mahapphalan”ti buddh±dayo ±hu. Cat³s³ti cettha ca-k±ro adhikopi vuttanayena anupavajjo. Accantameva kiles±sucito visuddhatt± suc²su. “Sot±panno sot±pattiphalasacchikiriy±ya paµipanno”ti-±din± (sa½. ni. 5.488) vuttesu cat³su purisayugesu. Catusaccadhammassa, nibb±nadhammassa ca paccakkhato dassanena, ariyadhammassa paccakkhadass±vit±ya v± dhammadas±. Te puggal± maggaµµhaphalaµµhe yugale akatv± visu½ visu½ puggalagaºanena aµµha ca honti. Ima½ saªgha½ saraºattha½ saraº±ya par±yaº±ya ap±yadukkhavaµµadukkhaparit±º±ya upehi upagaccha bhaja seva, eva½ v± j±n±hi bujjhass³ti saha yojan±ya attho. Yattha yesu suc²su cat³su purisayugesu dinna½ mahapphalam±hu, dhammadas± te puggal± aµµha ca, ima½ saªgha½ saraºatthamupeh²ti v± sambandho. Evampi hi paµiniddeso yutto eva atthato abhinnatt±ti daµµhabba½. G±th±sukhatthañcettha purisapade ²k±ra½, puggal±pade ca rassa½ katv± niddeso.

Ett±vat±ti “es±han”ti-±divacanakkamena. T²ºi vatth³ni “saraºan”ti gaman±ni, tikkhattu½ v± “saraºan”ti gaman±n²ti saraºagaman±ni. Paµivedes²ti attano hadayagata½ v±c±ya pavedesi.