¾savakkhayañ±ºakath±vaººan±

248. Idha vipassan±p±daka½ catutthajjh±nacitta½ veditabba½, na lokiy±bhiññ±su viya abhiññ±p±daka½. Vipassan±p±dakanti ca vipassan±ya padaµµh±nabh³ta½, vipassan± ca n±mes± tividh± vipassakapuggalabhedena mah±bodhisatt±na½ vipassan±, paccekabodhisatt±na½ vipassan±, s±vak±na½ vipassan± c±ti. Tattha mah±bodhisatt±na½, paccekabodhisatt±nañca vipassan± cint±mayañ±ºasambandhik± sayambhuñ±ºabh³t±, s±vak±na½ pana sutamayañ±ºasambandhik± paropadesasambh³t±. S± “µhapetv± nevasaññ±n±saññ±yatana½ avasesar³p±r³pajjh±n±na½ aññatarato vuµµh±y±”ti-±din± anekadh±, ar³pamukhavasena catudh±tuvavatth±ne vutt±na½ tesa½ tesa½ dh±tupariggahamukh±nañca aññataramukhavasena anekadh± ca visuddhimagge (visuddhi. 2.664) n±n±nayato vibh±vit±, mah±bodhisatt±na½ pana catuv²satikoµisatasahassamukhena pabhedagamanato n±n±naya½ sabbaññutaññ±ºasannissayassa ariyamaggañ±ºassa adhiµµh±nabh³ta½ pubbabh±gañ±ºagabbha½ gaºh±penta½ parip±ka½ gacchanta½ paramagambh²ra½ saºhasukhumatara½ anaññas±dh±raºa½ vipassan±ñ±ºa½ hoti ya½ aµµhakath±su “mah±vajirañ±ºan”ti vuccati, yassa ca pavattivibh±gena catuv²satikoµisatasahassappabhedassa p±dakabh±vena sam±pajjiyam±n± catuv²satikoµisatasahassasaªkhy± devasika½ satthu va¼añjanasam±pattiyo vuccanti. Sv±ya½ buddh±na½ vipassan±c±ro paramatthamañjus±ya½ visuddhimaggavaººan±ya½ (visuddhi. µ². 1.144) uddesato ±cariyena dassito, tato so atthikehi gahetabbo. Idha pana s±vak±na½ vipassan±va adhippet±.

“¾sav±na½ khayañ±º±y±”ti ida½ kiriy±payojanabh³te tadatthe sampad±navacana½, tasm± asatipi payojanav±cake payojanavaseneva attho veditabboti ±ha “khayañ±ºanibbattanatth±y±”ti. Evam²disesu. Nibb±na½, arahattamaggo ca ukkaµµhaniddesena idha khayo n±ma, tattha ñ±ºa½ khayañ±ºa½, tassa nibbattanasaªkh±to attho payojana½, tadatth±y±ti attho. Khepeti p±padhamme samucchindat²ti khayo, maggo. So pana p±pakkhayo ±savakkhayena vin± natthi, tasm± “khaye ñ±ºan”ti (dha. sa. suttantadukam±tik± 148) ettha khayaggahaºena ±savakkhayova vuttoti dasseti “±sav±na½ khayo”ti imin±. Anupp±de ñ±ºanti ±sav±namanupp±dabh³te ariyaphale ñ±ºa½. Kh²yi½su ±sav± etth±ti khayo, phala½. Samitap±pat±ya samaºo, samitap±pat± ca nippariy±yato arahattaphalenev±ti ±ha “±sav±na½ khay± samaºo hot²ti ettha phalan”ti. Khay±ti ca kh²ºatt±ti attho. Kh²yanti ±sav± etth±ti khayo, nibb±na½. “¾savakkhay±”ti pana sam±savasena dvibh±va½ katv± vuttatt± “±sav±na½ khayo”ti padassa atthuddh±re ±savakkhayapadaggahaºa½.

“Paravajj±nupassiss±”ti-±dig±th± dhammapade (dha. pa. 253). Tattha ujjh±nasaññinoti garahasaññino. Ar±ti d³r±. “Ar± siªgh±mi v±rijan”ti-±d²su (sa½. ni. 1.234; j±. 1.6.116) viya hi d³ratthoya½ nip±to. “¾r±”tipi p±µho. Ar±saddo viya ±r±saddopi d³ratthe eko nip±toti veditabbo. Tadeva hi pada½ saddasatthe ud±haµa½. K±mañca dhammapadaµµhakath±ya½ “arahattamaggasaªkh±t± ±r± d³ra½ gatova hot²”ti (dha. pa. aµµha. 2.253) vutta½, tath±pi ±savava¹¹hiy± saªkh±re va¹¹hento visaªkh±rato suvid³rad³ro, tasm± “±r± so ±savakkhay±”ti ettha ±savakkhayapada½ visaªkh±r±dhivacanampi sambhavat²ti ±ha “nibb±nan”ti. Khayana½ khayo, ±sav±na½ khaºanirodho. Sesa½ tassa pariy±yavacana½. Bhaªgo ±sav±na½ khayoti vuttoti yojan±. Idha pana nibb±nampi maggopi avin±bh±vato. Na hi nibb±naman±rabbha maggeneva ±sav±na½ khayo hot²ti.

Tanninnanti tasmi½ ±sav±na½ khayañ±ºe ninna½. Sesa½ tasseva vevacana½. P±¼iya½ ida½ dukkhanti dukkhassa ariyasaccassa paricchinditv±, anavasesetv± ca tad± tassa bhikkhuno paccakkhato gahitabh±vadassananti dassetu½ “ettakan”ti-±di vutta½. Tattha hi ettaka½ dukkhanti tassa paricchijja gahitabh±vadassana½. Na ito bhiyyoti anavasesetv± gahitabh±vadassana½. Ten±ha “sabbampi dukkhasaccan”ti-±di. Sarasalakkhaºapaµivedhavasena paj±nanameva yath±bh³ta½ paj±nana½ n±m±ti dasseti “sarasalakkhaºapaµivedhen±”ti imin±. Rasoti sabh±vo rasitabbo j±nitabboti katv±, attano raso saraso, so eva lakkhaºa½, tassa asammohato paµivijjhanen±ti attho. Asammohato paµivijjhanañca n±ma yath± tasmi½ ñ±ºe pavatte pacch± dukkhasaccassa sar³p±diparicchede sammoho na hoti, tath± tassa pavattiyeva. Tena vutta½ “yath±bh³ta½ paj±n±t²”ti. “Nibbattikan”ti imin± “dukkha½ samudeti etasm±ti dukkhasamudayo”ti nibbacana½ dasseti. Tadubhayanti dukkha½, dukkhasamudayo ca. Ya½ µh±na½ patv±ti ya½ nibb±na½ maggassa ±rammaºapaccayaµµhena k±raºabh³ta½ ±gamma. Ýh±nanti hi k±raºa½ vuccati tiµµhati ettha phala½ tad±yattat±y±ti katv±. Tadubhaya½ patv±ti ca tadubhayavato puggalassa tadubhayassa patti viya vutt±. Puggalasseva hi ±rammaºakaraºavasena nibb±nappatti, na tadubhayassa. Apica patv±ti p±puºanahetu, puggalassa ±rammaºakaraºavasena sam±pajjanatoti attho. Asam±nakattuke viya hi sam±nakattukepi tv±paccayassa hetvatthe pavatti saddasatthesu p±kaµ±. Appavatt²ti appavattinimitta½ “na pavattati tadubhayameten±”ti katv±, appavattiµµh±na½ v± “na pavattati tadubhayametth±”ti katv±, anena ca “dukkha½ nirujjhati ettha, eten±ti v± dukkhanirodho”ti nibbacana½ dasseti, dukkhasamudayassa pana gahaºa½ ta½nibbattakassa nirujjhanato tass±pi nirujjhanadassanatthanti daµµhabba½. Nibb±napadeyeva ta-saddo nivattat²ti aya½-saddo puna vutto. Sabban±mikañhi pada½ vuttassa v± liªgassa g±haka½, vuccam±nassa v±. Tass±ti dukkhanirodhassa. Samp±pakanti sacchikaraºavasena sammadeva p±paka½, etena ca “dukkhanirodha½ gamayati, gacchati v± et±y±ti dukkhanirodhag±min², s±yeva paµipad± dukkhanirodhag±minipaµipad±”ti nibbacana½ dasseti.

Kilesavasen±ti ±savasaªkh±takilesavasena. Tadeva ±savapariy±yena dassento puna ±ha, tasm± na ettha punaruttidosoti adhipp±yo. Pariy±yadesan±bh±vo n±ma hi ±veºiko buddhadhammoti heµµh± vuttov±yamattho. Nanu ca ±sav±na½ dukkhasaccapariy±yova atthi, na sesasaccapariy±yo, atha kasm± sar³pato dassitasacc±niyeva kilesavasena pariy±yato puna dassento evam±h±ti vuttanti? Sacca½, ta½sambandhatt± pana sesasacc±na½ ta½samuday±dipariy±yopi labbhat²ti katv± eva½ vuttanti veditabba½. Dukkhasaccapariy±yabh³ta-±savasambandh±ni hi ±savasamuday±d²n²ti, sacc±ni dassentotipi yojetabba½. “¾sav±na½ khayañ±º±y±”ti ±raddhatt± cettha ±sav±nameva gahaºa½, na sesakiles±na½ tath± an±raddhatt±ti daµµhabba½. Tath± hi “k±m±sav±pi citta½ vimuccat²”ti-±din± (d². ni. 1.248; ma. ni. 1.433; 3.19) ±savavimuttas²seneva sabbakilesavimutti vutt±. “Ida½ dukkhanti yath±bh³ta½ paj±n±t²”ti-±din± missakamaggova idha kathito lokiyavipassan±ya lokuttaramaggassa missakatt±ti vutta½ “saha vipassan±ya koµippatta½ magga½ kathes²”ti. “J±nato passato”ti imin± tayopi pariññ±sacchikiriy±bh±van±bhisamay± vutt± catusaccapaj±nan±ya eva catukiccasiddhito, pah±n±bhisamayo pana p±risesato “vimuccat²”ti imin± vuttoti ±ha “maggakkhaºa½ dasset²”ti. Catt±ri hi kicc±ni catusaccapaj±nan±ya eva siddh±ni. Yath±ha “ta½ kho panida½ dukkha½ ariyasacca½ pariññ±tanti me bhikkhave pubbe ananussutesu dhammesu cakkhu½ udap±d²”ti-±di (sa½. ni. 5.1081; mah±va. 15; paµi. ma. 2.29). Aya½ aµµhakath±muttako nayo– j±nato passatoti ca hetuniddeso, “j±nanahetu passanahetu k±m±sav±pi citta½ vimuccat²”ti-±din± yojan±. K±mañcettha j±nanapassanakiriy±na½, vimuccanakiriy±ya ca sam±nak±lat±, tath±pi dhamm±na½ sam±nak±lik±nampi paccayapaccayuppannat± sahaj±t±dikoµiy± labbhat²ti, hetugabbhavisesanat±dassanametantipi vadanti.

Bhav±savaggahaºena cettha bhavar±gassa viya bhavadiµµhiy±pi samavarodhoti diµµh±savass±pi saªgaho daµµhabbo, adhun± pana “diµµh±sav±pi citta½ vimuccat²”ti katthaci p±µho dissati, so na por±ºo, pacch± pam±dalikhitoti veditabbo. Bhayabheravasuttasa½vaººan±d²su (ma. ni. aµµha. 1.54) anek±supi tatheva sa½vaººitatt±. Ettha ca kiñc±pi p±¼iya½ saccapaµivedho aniyamitapuggalassa aniyamitak±lavasena vutto, tath±pi abhisamayak±le tassa paccuppannata½ up±d±ya “eva½ j±nato eva½ passato”ti vattam±nak±laniddeso kato, so ca k±ma½ kassaci maggakkhaºato para½ y±vajjatan± at²tak±liko eva, sabbapaµhama½ panassa at²tak±likatta½ phalakkhaºena veditabbanti ±ha “vimuttasminti imin± phalakkhaºan”ti. Paccavekkhaºañ±ºanti phalapaccavekkhaºañ±ºa½ tath± ceva vuttatt±. Taggahaºena pana tadavin±bh±vato ses±ni niravases±ni gahetabb±ni, ekades±ni v± aparipuºº±yapi paccavekkhaº±ya sambhavato. “Kh²º± j±t²”ti-±d²hi padehi “n±para½ itthatt±y±”ti padapariyos±nehi. Tass±ti paccavekkhaºañ±ºassa. Bh³minti pavattiµµh±na½. Nanu ca “vimuttasmi½ vimuttan”ti vutta½ phalameva tassa ±rammaºasaªkh±t± bh³mi, atha katha½ “kh²º± j±t²”ti-±d²hi tassa bh³midassananti codana½ sodhetu½ “tena h²”ti-±di vutta½. Yasm± pana pah²nakilesapaccavekkhaºena vijjam±nass±pi kammassa ±yati½ appaµisandhikabh±vato “kh²º± j±t²”ti paj±n±ti, yasm± ca maggapaccavekkhaº±d²hi “vusita½ brahmacariyan”ti-±d²ni paj±n±ti, tasm± “kh²º± j±t²”ti-±d²hi tassa bh³midassananti vutta½ hoti. “Tena ñ±ºen±”ti hi yath±rutato, avin±bh±vato ca gahitena pañcavidhena paccavekkhaºañ±ºen±ti attho.

“Kh²º± j±t²”ti ettha sotujan±na½ suviññ±panattha½ parammukh± viya codana½ samuµµh±peti “katam± pan±”ti-±din±. Yena pan±dhipp±yena codan± kat±, tadadhipp±ya½ pak±setv± parih±ra½ vattuk±mo “na t±vass±”ti-±dim±ha. “Na t±va…pe… vijjam±natt±”ti vakkham±nameva hi attha½ manasi katv± aya½ codan± samuµµh±pit±, tattha na t±vassa at²t± j±ti kh²º±ti assa bhikkhuno at²t± j±ti, na t±va maggabh±van±ya kh²º±. Tattha k±raºam±ha “pubbeva kh²ºatt±”ti, maggabh±van±ya purimatarameva nirujjhanavasena kh²ºatt±ti adhipp±yo. Na an±gat± assa j±ti kh²º± maggabh±van±y±ti yojan±. Tattha k±raºam±ha “an±gate v±y±m±bh±vato”ti, idañca an±gatabh±vas±maññameva gahetv± lesena codan±dhipp±yavibh±vanattha½ vadati, na an±gatavisesa½ an±gate maggabh±van±ya khepanapayog±bh±vatoti attho. Vijjam±neyeva hi payogo sambhavati, na avijjam±neti vutta½ hoti. An±gataviseso panettha adhippeto, tassa ca khepane v±y±mopi labbhateva. Ten±ha “y± pana maggass±”ti-±di. An±gatavisesoti ca abh±vite magge uppajjan±raho anantaraj±tibhedo vuccati. Na paccuppann± assa j±ti kh²º± maggabh±van±y±ti yojan±. Tattha k±raºam±ha “vijjam±natt±”ti, ekabhavapariy±pannat±ya vijjam±natt±ti attho. Tattha tattha bhave paµham±bhinibbattilakkhaº± hi j±ti. “Y± pan±”ti-±din± pana maggabh±van±ya kilesahetuvin±sanamukhena an±gataj±tiy± eva kh²ºabh±vo pak±sitoti daµµhabba½. Ekacatupañcavok±rabhaves³ti bhavattayaggahaºa½ vuttanayena anavasesato j±tiy± kh²ºabh±vadassanattha½, pubbapadadvayepettha uttarapadalopo. Ekacatupañcakkhandhappabhed±ti etth±pi eseva nayo. “Ta½ so”ti-±di “kathañca na½ paj±n±t²”ti codan±ya sodhan±vacana½. Tattha tanti yath±vutta½ j±ti½. Soti kh²º±savo bhikkhu. Paccavekkhitv±ti paj±nan±ya pubbabh±ge pah²nakilesapaccavekkhaºadassana½. Evañca katv± paccavekkhaºaparampar±ya tath± paj±nan± siddh±ti daµµhabba½. Paccavekkhaºantaravibh±vanatthameva hi “j±nanto paj±n±t²”ti vattam±navacanadvaya½ vutta½, j±nanto hutv±, j±nanahetu v± paj±n±ti n±m±ti attho.